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Article
Publication date: 28 March 2023

Guangqin Li and Kangyun Pu

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation and mechanism between international students and inbound tourism.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation and mechanism between international students and inbound tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking 269 prefecture-level cities in China as a sample, bringing international students and inbound tourism into the same analytical framework, the paper applies the fixed-effects model, instrumental variables model and mediating effects model to investigate the impact of international students on inbound tourism.

Findings

International students significantly contribute to the increase in inbound tourists and tourism revenue in China, which remain valid after a series of robustness tests. When the relocation data of Chinese urban universities and faculties in the 1950s are used as an instrumental variable for the potential endogenous problems of international students, the results are still valid. Heterogeneity research shows that the impact of international students on inbound tourism has heterogeneous effects in different regions. In addition, the mechanism analysis shows that international students promote China’s inbound tourism mainly through two channels: the economic growth effect and the human capital effect.

Research limitations/implications

This paper provides evidence of the correlation between international students and inbound tourism in developing countries. However, as the data for the study are all from China, caution should be taken when applying the findings of this paper to other regions.

Practical implications

This paper provides evidence on the causal relationship between international students and inbound tourism in developing countries. However, as the data for the study are all from China, caution should be taken when applying the findings of this paper to other regions.

Social implications

This paper creatively finds out the instrumental variables of international students with academic education to deal with the potential endogenous problems, and then identifies the causal relationship between international students and inbound tourism.

Originality/value

This paper creatively finds out the instrumental variables of international students to deal with the potential endogenous problems and then identifies the correlation between international students and inbound tourism.

目的

本文将研究样本扩大到中国266个地级市, 将留学生和入境旅游纳入同一分析框架, 从游客规模和旅游收入两个方面衡量入境旅游规模, 并调查留学生对入境旅游规模的影响及其机制。

设计/方法/途径

本文通过使用面板数据的固定效应模型、工具变量和的中介效应, 考察国际学生与入境旅游之间的因果关系。

结果

留学生显著促进了中国入境旅游收入和游客数量的增长, 经过一系列稳健测试后, 上述结果仍然成立; 以20世纪50年代中国城市高校和院系的搬迁数据作为国际学生应对潜在内生性问题的工具变量, 结果仍然有效; 异质性研究表明, 留学生入境旅游效应在不同的时间和地区具有异质性; 在机制分析中, 留学生促进中国入境旅游主要通过三个渠道:经济增长效应、人力资本效应和外商投资效应。

研究局限/启示

本文为发展中国家提供了国际学生与入境旅游之间因果关系的证据。但由于研究数据均来自中国, 将本文的研究结果应用于其他地区时需谨慎。

实践应用

本文为发展中国家提供了国际学生与入境旅游之间因果关系的证据。但由于研究数据均来自中国, 将本文的研究结果应用于其他地区时需谨慎。

社会启示

本文创造性地找出留学生学历教育的工具变量以应对潜在的内生性问题, 进而识别留学生与入境旅游之间的因果关系。

原创性/价值

本文创造性地找出留学生学历教育的工具变量以应对潜在的内生性问题, 进而识别留学生与入境旅游之间的因果关系。

Diseño/metodología/enfoque (límite 100 palabras)

Tomando como muestra 266 ciudades de China a nivel de prefectura, e integrando a los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor en el mismo marco analítico, el documento aplica el modelo de efectos fijos, el modelo de variables instrumentales y el modelo de efectos mediadores para investigar el impacto de los estudiantes internacionales en el turismo receptor.

Objetivo (límite 100 palabras)

El propósito de este documento es investigar la relación causal y el mecanismo entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor.

Resultados (límite 100 palabras)

Los estudiantes internacionales contribuyen significativamente al aumento de los turistas entrantes y de los ingresos por turismo en China, que siguen siendo válidos tras una serie de pruebas de solidez. Cuando utilizamos los datos de reubicación de las universidades y facultades urbanas chinas en la década de 1950 como variable instrumental para los posibles problemas endógenos de los estudiantes internacionales, los resultados siguen siendo válidos. La investigación de la heterogeneidad muestra que el impacto de los estudiantes internacionales en el turismo receptor tiene efectos heterogéneos en las distintas regiones. Además, el análisis del mecanismo muestra que los estudiantes internacionales promueven el turismo receptor de China principalmente a través de tres canales: el efecto del crecimiento económico, el efecto del capital humano y el efecto de la inversión extranjera.

Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación (límite 100 palabras)

Este trabajo aporta pruebas sobre la relación causal entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor en los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, como todos los datos del estudio proceden de China, hay que ser prudentes a la hora de aplicar los resultados de este trabajo a otras regiones.

Implicaciones prácticas (límite 100 palabras)

Este documento aporta pruebas sobre la relación causal entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor en los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, dado que todos los datos del estudio proceden de China, debe tenerse precaución a la hora de aplicar los resultados de este documento a otras regiones.

Implicaciones sociales (límite 100 palabras)

Este trabajo descubre de forma creativa las variables instrumentales de los estudiantes internacionales con formación académica para hacer frente a los posibles problemas endógenos y, a continuación, identifica la relación causal entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor.

Originalidad/valor (límite 100 palabras)

Este trabajo descubre de forma creativa las variables instrumentales de los estudiantes internacionales para tratar los posibles problemas endógenos, y luego identifica la relación causal entre los estudiantes internacionales y el turismo receptor.

Article
Publication date: 27 October 2022

Yiwen Xu, Qingyan Zheng, Yang Yang and Wei Li

World Heritage Sites (WHSs), as crucial tourist attractions, have been demonstrated to promote inbound tourism development; however, no study has analyzed its impact on the origin…

Abstract

Purpose

World Heritage Sites (WHSs), as crucial tourist attractions, have been demonstrated to promote inbound tourism development; however, no study has analyzed its impact on the origin distribution of inbound tourist flows (ODITFs), leaving a research gap. This study aims to apply power law to assess ODITFs and explore the impact of WHSs on ODITFs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied the power law of rank-size distribution to calculate ODITFs in 167 countries/regions from 1997 to 2018 and used the panel data model to analyze the effect of WHSs on ODITFs.

Findings

WHSs could positively impact ODITFs to be more even. Among them, a cultural WHS shows a more pronounced effect on ODITFs, while the effect of natural WHSs is negligible.

Originality/value

This study advances knowledge about the impact of WHSs on inbound tourism from the standpoint of ODITFs, contributing to the inbound tourist flows theory and tourist attraction theory. In a realistic sense, WHSs, as crucial tourist attractions, could make ODITFs more even, implying that destination management organizations could gain higher growth of incremental tourists from tail markets rather than head markets when increasing tourist attractions.

全球视角下联合国教科文组织世界遗产(whs)对入境游客源地分布的影响

研究目的

世界遗产地(WHS)作为重要的旅游景点, 已被证明可以促进入境旅游的发展。然而, 目前没有研究分析其对入境游客源地分布(ODITF)的影响。本文旨在应用幂律评估入境游客源地分布, 并探讨世界遗产对入境游客源地分布的影响。

研究设计/方法/途径

本研究应用序位-规模分布的幂律计算1997年至2018年167个国家/地区的入境游客源地分布, 并使用面板数据模型分析世界遗产对入境游客源地分布的影响。

研究结果

世界遗产可以对入境游客源地分布产生积极影响, 使入境游客源地分布更加均匀。其中, 世界文化遗产对入境游客源地分布的影响更为显着, 而世界自然遗产的影响可以忽略不计。

独创性

本文从入境游客源地分布的角度, 推进了世界遗产对入境旅游影响的认识, 为入境旅游流理论和旅游景点理论做出了贡献。在现实意义上, 世界遗产作为重要的旅游景点, 可以使入境游客源地分布更加均衡, 这意味着目的地管理组织在增加旅游景点时, 可以从尾部市场获得更多的游客增量。

El impacto del Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la UNESCO en la distribución del origen de los flujos turísticos entrantes desde una perspectiva global

Resumen

Propósito

se ha demostrado que el Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la UNESCO, como atracciones turísticas cruciales, promueven el desarrollo del turismo receptor; sin embargo, ningún estudio ha analizado su impacto en la distribución del origen de los flujos turísticos entrantes (DOFTE), lo que deja un vacío en la investigación. Este documento tiene como objetivo aplicar la ley de potencias para evaluar la DOFTE y explorar el impacto del Patrimonio sobre ella.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

este estudio aplicó la ley de potencias de la distribución del tamaño del rango para calcular la DOFTE en 167 países/regiones desde 1997 hasta 2018 y utilizó el modelo de datos de panel para analizar el impacto del Patrimonio de la Humanidad en la DOFTE.

Hallazgos

el Patrimonio de la Humanidad podría influir positivamente en la DOFTE para que sea más uniforme. Entre ellos, el Patrimonio cultural muestra un efecto más pronunciado sobre la DOFTE, mientras que el efecto del Patrimonio natural es insignificante.

Originalidad/valor

este artículo avanza en el conocimiento del impacto del Patrimonio de la Humanidad en el turismo entrante desde la perspectiva de la DOFTE, contribuyendo a la teoría de los flujos turísticos entrantes y a la teoría de la atracción turística. En un sentido realista, el Patrimonio de la Humanidad, como atracciones turísticas cruciales, podrían hacer que la DOFTE fuera más uniforme, lo que implica que las organizaciones de gestión de destinos (OGD) podrían obtener un mayor crecimiento de turistas incrementales procedentes de los mercados secundarios en lugar de los mercados principales al aumentar las atracciones turísticas.

Article
Publication date: 29 July 2022

Yang Yang, Yiqi Qiu, Ying Wang and Qingyan Zheng

Distance is the core concept in tourism. However, previous studies focused on single distance dimensions and generated contradictory findings due to omitted variable biases. This…

Abstract

Purpose

Distance is the core concept in tourism. However, previous studies focused on single distance dimensions and generated contradictory findings due to omitted variable biases. This paper aims to introduce the well-established CAGE (cultural, administrative, geographical, and economic) distance framework into international tourism research to measure the comprehensive distance and explore its impact on inbound tourist satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The comprehensive distance was calculated based on the Mahalanobis formula. Combining tourist review data from TripAdvisor, this study used ordinary least square regressions to explore the influence of the comprehensive distance on inbound tourist satisfaction and the mediating role of inbound tourist emotion.

Findings

Results show that CAGE distance effectively describes the dynamic change in distance. The comprehensive distance also positively impacts tourist satisfaction, and tourist emotion plays a mediating role in this impact.

Originality/value

This paper advances knowledge about distance in international tourism by introducing the CAGE distance framework and addresses the contradictory findings with specific distance dimensions by the comprehensive distance.

研究目的

距离是旅游的核心概念。然而, 以前的研究集中在单一的距离维度上, 并且由于遗漏变量偏差而产生了相互矛盾的结果。 本文旨在将成熟的 CAGE 距离框架引入国际旅游研究中, 以衡量综合距离并探讨其对入境游客满意度的影响。

研究设计/方法

综合距离根据马氏距离公式计算。 结合TripAdvisor网站的游客评论数据, 采用普通最小二乘(OLS)回归分析综合距离对入境游客满意度的影响以及入境游客情绪的中介作用。

结果

结果表明, CAGE距离有效地描述了距离的动态变化。 综合距离也正向影响游客满意度, 游客情绪在此影响中起中介作用。

原创性/价值

本文通过引入 CAGE 距离框架来提升国际旅游中的距离知识。 本研究还通过综合距离解决了特定距离维度的矛盾发现。

Propósito

La distancia es el concepto central en el turismo. Sin embargo, estudios previos se han centrado en dimensiones de una sola distancia, generando resultados contradictorios debido a los sesgos por la omisión de variables. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo introducir el marco de distancia CAGE, establecido en la investigación turística internacional, con la intención de medir la distancia integral y explorar su impacto en la satisfacción del turista receptor.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

La distancia integral se calculó con base en la fórmula de Mahalanobis. Combinando los datos de reseñas turísticas de TripAdvisor, se utilizaron regresiones de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (OLS) para explorar la influencia de la distancia integral en la satisfacción del turista receptor y el papel mediador de la emoción del turista receptor.

Conclusiones

Los resultados muestran que el modelo CAGE describe el cambio dinámico en la distancia de una forma efectiva. La distancia integral también impacta positivamente en la satisfacción del turista, y la emoción del turista juega un papel mediador en este impacto.

Originalidad/Valor

Este documento avanza en el conocimiento sobre la distancia en el turismo internacional mediante la introducción del marco de distancia CAGE. Además, aborda resultados contradictorios con las dimensiones de distancia específicas mediante la distancia integral.

Book part
Publication date: 31 May 2016

Kazuyoshi Takeuchi

The purpose of this chapter is to propose a theory which may lead to a holistic description of the mechanism of touristic phenomena. In so doing, the central discussion is to…

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to propose a theory which may lead to a holistic description of the mechanism of touristic phenomena. In so doing, the central discussion is to provide descriptive answers to basic questions. It will not be a sociological or anthropological discourse. Instead, it will use perspectives from environmental psychology, genetics, and a theory of information energy in elementary particle physics. The study of tourism, though it is not a distinct disciplinary field, must provide a grand theory. In this chapter, the discussions mainly focus on the concept of tourist to provide several ideas to amend its definition, which may directly correspond to an overall view of touristic phenomena.

Details

Tourism Research Paradigms: Critical and Emergent Knowledges
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-929-4

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 May 2020

Thanuja Dharmasena and Ruwan Jayathilaka

The purpose of this study is aimed at analysing the contributors of consumer confusion from the perspective of both information providers and recipients.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is aimed at analysing the contributors of consumer confusion from the perspective of both information providers and recipients.

Design/methodology/approach

Using Sri Lanka as a case study, this study demonstrates views of consumer confusion in terms of information and its contributors in light of the framework adopted by Lu and Gursoy (2015).

Findings

The results ascertain that too much, too similar and too ambiguous information from information providers’ perspective have a significant impact on consumer confusion in the context of the inbound tourist industry in Sri Lanka. Most importantly, it is evident that the information recipients’ knowledge and behaviour attributes, namely, internet experience, learning orientation, tolerance for ambiguity, price consciousness and requirement for cognition have no significant impact on consumer confusion. Furthermore, the quality and quantity of information provided are crucial for the minimisation or avoidance of consumer confusion.

Practical implications

The practical implications drawn from this study could influence all stakeholders of the inbound online tourism trade including managers, advertising executives and marketing experts in providing good quality information to promote tourism.

Originality/value

The contribution of this research is related to the analysis from a theoretical and an empirical perspective of both the information providers’ and decision-making of recipients.

研究目的

这项研究旨在从信息提供者和接受者的角度分析造成消费者困惑的因素。

调查设计/研究方法

以鲁和古尔索伊(2015)所采用的框架为基础, 本研究以斯里兰卡为例, 就有关信息及其贡献因素方面展示了消费者困惑的观点

调查结果

调查结果确定, 就斯里兰卡入境旅游业而言, 从信息提供者的角度来看, 太多, 太相似和太含糊的信息会对消费者混乱产生重大影响。最重要的是, 很明显, 信息接收者的知识和行为属性, 即互联网体验, 学习倾向, 对歧义的容忍度, 价格意识和认知需求, 对消费者的困惑没有显着影响。此外, 所提供信息的质量和数量对于最小化或避免消费者混淆至关重要。

实际意义

这项研究得出的实际意义可能会影响入境在线旅游业的所有利益相关者, 包括管理人员, 广告主管和营销专家, 以提供高质量的信息来促进旅游业。

原创性价值

此项研究贡献与从信息提供者和接收者的决策的理论和经验角度进行的分析相关。

Propósito

este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar a los contribuyentes de la confusión del consumidor desde la perspectiva de los proveedores de información y los destinatarios.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

utilizando Sri Lanka como el caso, esta investigación demuestra puntos de vista de la confusión del consumidor en términos de información y sus contribuyentes a la luz del marco adoptado por Lu y Gursoy (2015).

Hallazgos

los hallazgos determinan que demasiada información, muy similar y demasiado ambigua desde la perspectiva de los proveedores de información tiene un impacto significativo en la confusión del consumidor en el contexto de la industria turística entrante en Sri Lanka. Lo más importante es que es evidente que los atributos de conocimiento y comportamiento de los destinatarios de la información, a saber, la experiencia de Internet, la orientación al aprendizaje, la tolerancia a la ambigüedad, la conciencia del precio y la necesidad de cognición no tienen un impacto significativo en la confusión del consumidor. Además, la calidad y la cantidad de información proporcionada son cruciales para minimizar o evitar la confusión del consumidor.

Implicaciones prácticas

las implicaciones prácticas derivadas de este estudio podrían influir en todas las partes interesadas del comercio de turismo en línea entrante, que incluyen gerentes, ejecutivos de publicidad y expertos en marketing para proporcionar información de buena calidad para promover el turismo.

Valor de originalidad

la contribución de esta investigación está relacionada con el análisis desde una perspectiva teórica y empírica tanto de los proveedores de información como de la toma de decisiones de los destinatarios.

Article
Publication date: 18 April 2023

Daniel Ruiz-Equihua, Luis V. Casaló and Jaime Romero

Previous research into online reviews in the hospitality industry has focused mainly on big companies; thus, it is not yet known whether its findings apply also to small and…

Abstract

Purpose

Previous research into online reviews in the hospitality industry has focused mainly on big companies; thus, it is not yet known whether its findings apply also to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the most abundant in the sector. Focusing on online reviews in the hospitality sector, this study aims to analyse whether firm size moderates the relationship between online review valence and customer responses.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a 2 (positive vs negative online review) × 2 (SME vs big company) experimental research design conducted in two hospitality settings, hotels and restaurants.

Findings

The impact of online reviews on customer responses is less intense for smaller hospitality companies.

Originality/value

This study incorporates firm size as a moderator of the relationship between online review valence and customer responses in two hospitality settings, restaurants and hotels.

研究目的

以往针对酒店业的在线评论研究主要集中在大型企业上, 因此这些研究结果是否也适用于中小企业尚不清楚, 而中小企业在该行业中最为普遍。本研究重点研究了酒店业中的在线评论, 分析了企业规模是否在在线评论极性与客户反应之间的关系中起到调节作用。

研究设计/方法

本研究采用2(正面与负面在线评论)×2(中小企业与大型企业)的实验研究设计, 并在两个实验环境下(酒店和餐饮)进行研究。

研究发现

对规模较小的酒店企业来说, 在线评论对客户反应的影响并不强烈。

研究创新性

本研究将企业规模作为餐厅和酒店行业中在线评论极性和客户反应关系的调节变量。

Details

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, vol. 14 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9880

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 23 July 2015

Teresa Cristina de Miranda Mendonça

This chapter, drawing on an anthropological perspective, explicates the process of tourism development and its implications for Ilha Grande in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro…

Abstract

This chapter, drawing on an anthropological perspective, explicates the process of tourism development and its implications for Ilha Grande in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The concept of tourismization, influenced by Norbert Elias’s sociological perspective on the “civilizing process,” is introduced to illustrate how social changes and society-individual relationships within this community can be perceived as a set of configurations and articulations, which are mediated by tourism. It is suggested that tourisimization can be perceived as a process which dictates the rules and new customs to be followed by people influenced by new local configurations mediated by tourism.

Details

Tourism Research Frontiers: Beyond the Boundaries of Knowledge
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-993-5

Keywords

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 14 September 2018

Abstract

Details

Authenticity & Tourism
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78754-817-6

Book part
Publication date: 4 March 2024

Ana Cláudia Campos

Innovation is critical to the tourism industry. Living Labs (LLs) are innovation ecosystems which are becoming popular in tourism. LLs are a model of open innovation characterized…

Abstract

Innovation is critical to the tourism industry. Living Labs (LLs) are innovation ecosystems which are becoming popular in tourism. LLs are a model of open innovation characterized by a networked approach to innovation. Local communities and businesses are usually excluded from processes of decision-making concerning the management of tourism. LLs enable local communities' participation in the sustainable development of tourism, thereby providing them the opportunity to increase their share of benefits. This chapter focuses on a case study of an LL recently created in Portugal and discusses LLs as an environment for tourism innovation where the local community is stimulated to explore competencies to cocreate value.

Details

Managing Destinations
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83797-176-3

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 July 2020

I. Putu Gede Sukaatmaja

The purpose of the paper is to comparatively analyse explicit and implicit attitudes of visitors from sun and beach destinations towards two types of visual conservation messages…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to comparatively analyse explicit and implicit attitudes of visitors from sun and beach destinations towards two types of visual conservation messages: persuasive and prohibitive.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative empirical investigation of transversal section was carried out using a structured questionnaire. The geographic area of study is located in the Mexican Riviera Maya. The data was collected between the months of September 2016 to January 2017 from a total of 129 actual visitors of 12 different nationalities. Student t tests analyses were conducted to measure difference between explicit and implicit attitudes towards both types of messages.

Findings

Persuasive visual messages of conservation shown to be effective at both, explicit and implicit, levels, while prohibitive ones were less effective than persuasive ones ay implicit level, corroborating that the persuasive messages are more effective than prohibitive ones, and that the implicit measurements tend to offer information that is not always revealed by explicit means.

Practical implications

Results can be exploited by those who are tasked with maintaining a delicate balance between tourism and the environment to achieve greater impact in developing the attitudes they need to show to their tourists, through the design and creation of persuasive conservation, even barrier, visual messages that are able to draw well to the visitors' subconscious and unconscious.

Originality/value

Persuasive visual messages of conservation are produced to be effective at both explicit and implicit levels. However, inhibiting messages prove to be less effective with regard to persuasive messages at the implicit level, which reinforces that persuasive messages are more effective. Effective than the prohibitive ones and that the Implicit measurements offer information that is not always disclosed by explicit means. Persuasive messages aim at persuading and the recipient is not interested on the message. There is a possibility that the recipient will react negatively. Therefore, messages should be prepared using an indirect approach.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 41 no. 5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

Keywords

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