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The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the micro-structure and -properties of wool fibers influence the pilling property of woolen fabrics.

The fuzzing and pilling property of woolen fabrics was investigated, based on micro-scale including basic structural characteristics of wool fibers, wool scale topography and surface friction, etc. Scanning electron microscope was used to analyze wool fiber structure; frictional coefficients were measured by capstan method. Then three different kinds of wool fibers are spun into yarns, then knitted into woolen fabrics, whose pilling grade were estimated by means of Pillbox method.

Results show that the finer the fiber, the fabric pilling degree will be higher; the shorter the fiber, the fabric’s pilling is more serious; the number of pilling is decreasing with the increasing number of crimp; the longer the scales, the better anti-pilling property of fabrics, while the larger the scale thickness, the worse the anti-pilling property; and initially, with the increasing DFEs, fabrics are not easy to pilling, however, there exists a critical value.

Fuzzing and pilling property of woolen fabrics are affected by number of factors, including raw fibers, yarns, fabric tissue and finishing process, etc. In this paper, the authors exclude the influence of yarns’ parameter and fabrics’ tissue, etc., but focus on the micro-structure and -properties of raw wool fibers; and establish a direct connection between fabrics’ pilling property and fibers’ parameters.

Pilling is a fabric surface fault comprising of small, fuzzy balls on the surface of a fabric that leads to poor handle and quality. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the fabric color in terms of depth and hue on the visual perception of pilling on the fabric surface.

Acrylic fabrics were prepared at various color depths and hues and then were applied with relatively equal amount of pilling on the surface of samples. The amount of perceived pilling was evaluated by human observers by employing paired comparison method and the results were analyzed using statistical methods.

According to the results, color depth and the visual perception of pilling in achromatic sample were nearly independent. Color hue can be considered as an important factor in the visual perception of pilling so when the color contrast between the pill and background decreases, the visual perception of pilling decreases as well. Hence, the achromatic sample have the most amount of pilling perception whereas green and blue samples show less pilling, in visual sensation.

There is a strong demand for acrylic fabrics in apparel industry but they have high tendency for pilling formation. To overcome this problem, experts have suggested some methods to prevent or reduce pilling. If it is proved that color influences on pilling perception, an useful instruction will be available for acrylic fabric manufacturers in order to satisfy their customer with good quality of products. In this work, the authors tried to find such relationships between the color and the pilling perception for human observers.

One of the recent applications of fabrics is to use them for sound insulation. Accordingly, due to their low production cost and low relative density, fabrics have drawn attention in some of the industries such as the automotive and aircraft industries. The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of the fiber cross-section, porosity, thickness of samples and fuzzing of the knitted fabric on the sound absorption coefficient.

In the present study, fabrics with three different stitch densities were knitted by yarns consist of three different forms of fiber cross-section shapes (circular, elliptical and plus-shaped). In this work, the sound absorption coefficient of knitted fabrics was investigated with regard to the different fiber cross-sections and structural parameters using an impedance tube.

As indicated by the obtained results, the cross-section, porosity, thickness and mass per unit area of the fabrics were the determinant factors for the sound absorption coefficient. In addition to, the sound absorption coefficient and porosity were shown to have an inverse relationship.

A section of the present paper has been allocated to the investigation of the effect of the fiber cross-section and fuzzing of fabric on the sound absorption of plain knitted fabrics.

Microfiber is one of the major sources of microplastic emission into the environment. In recent times, research on microfiber has gained momentum, and research across different disciplines was performed. However, no complete study was performed from the viewpoint of textiles to analyse the microfiber shedding behaviour by relating the properties textiles. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the microfiber shedding behaviour in textiles.

Articles on the microfiber shedding across different disciplines were collected and analysed systematically to identify the influencing factor. The influence of laundry parameters is found to be majorly discussed section, yet very few research data is found on the effect of yarn and fabric properties on the microfiber shedding.

Most of the articles listed laundry detergent addition, higher temperature, use of softeners, type of washing machines used and amount of liquid used as the major factors influencing the fiber shedding. Concerning the fiber and yarn characteristics, yarn twist, fiber type (staple/filament), method of production, fabric structure and specific density are reported as influencing factors. Some articles highlighted the influence of ageing of textiles on the fiber shedding.

The review identified the research gap in the textile sector and reports that so far, no research performed on microfiber shedding with the textile parameters. The review further urges the importance of research works to be performed in the textile by considering the fabric and yarn properties.

Cellulosic fabric and plain weave are the most commonly used material in home textiles. The poor wrinkling, dimensional stability and pilling are some of the problems faced during usage. The textile industries apply resin finish to improve these characteristics. The purpose of this study is to improve pilling resistance, dimensional stability and smoothness appearance (SA) of rayon and rayon/cotton plain fabrics using different concentrations of dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) and acrylic copolymer. The finish was fixed using two different fixation methods.

Three concentrations, 40, 100 and 150 g/l of Arkofix NF (DMDHE based) and Appretan N9211 (acrylic copolymer), were taken. The finish was applied at normal and shock cure. The effects of finish on pilling resistance, dimensional stability, smoothness, tear strength, light fastness, Berger whiteness and yellowness index of plain fabrics were investigated.

The changes in the characteristics of the finished fabrics were compared with unfinished fabrics. This study revealed that at 40 g/l of Arkofix NF and Appretan N9211 using a normal cure would improve the pilling resistance, dimensional stability and SA of the plain fabrics. Whereas, there was no adverse effect observed on tear strength, light fastness, Berger whiteness and yellowness index of plain fabrics at these conditions.

Unlike the previous studies, this paper proposed the single finish formulation where the functional characteristics of the plain rayon and rayon cotton fabrics meet the general requirement of a customer.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of perfume on cotton fabrics and satisfy the perfume user’s curiosity on this issue.

In this study, the selected perfume was applied on woven and knitted cotton fabric samples in order to investigate the effects of perfume on mechanical and colour properties of the fabrics. For this purpose the chosen perfume was applied in two different amounts (four spraying and eight spraying) from the same distance to the fabric surface. Then the fabric samples were left for 24 hours in order to fulfill the daily usage conditions. Samples were evaluated in terms of tensile strength, pilling and abrasion tests, respectively. Colour measurement test was performed for investigating the fading effect of the perfume and FTIR analysis was carried out for examining the chemical changes.

Result of the study revealed that perfume did not have any effects on tensile strength properties of cotton knitted and woven fabrics and caused serious decrease in pilling and abrasion values and negatively affected colour characteristics of fabrics.

In literature there was no study investigating the effect of perfume on mechanical and colour properties of garment. Thus this study will be the first concerning this issue.

Knitted fabrics containing elastane provide high level of comfort and ease of usage because of the elastic and drape properties over the body. Knitted fabrics respond to every movement of the body and return back to its original shape easily so they are used widely for apparel production. The most important properties required from the elastic knitted garments are wear comfort, fit, breathability and durability. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of elastane yarn count and ground yarn count on the performance properties of 12 single jersey knitted fabrics were analysed after dying.

The research design for this study consists an experimental study. In all, 12 fabrics containing half plating and full plating elastane were produced using 30/1-40/1 Ne yarn counts. Bursting strength, stretch recovery, residual extension, air permeability, spirality and drape properties of fabrics were evaluated.

As a result of study it was found a certain effect as the elastane amount and count changed. For all types of knitted fabrics, bursting strength values increased and fabric spirality values decreased as the elastane amount and elastane yarn count increased. Also it was found a significant relationship between elastane amount and count with air permeability, spirality, bursting strength and drape.

As a result of the literature review, it was seen that the effects of elastane amount, elastane yarn count and fabric yarn count on the performance properties of knitted fabrics has not been studied broadly.

Inter-fibre cohesion is regarded as an important property of assemblies, such as slivers, made of wool or any other fibres, with respect to the processing in carding, drawing (gilling) and spinning. In this paper, the results of the multiple regression analyses, and their validation, are presented to show that a strong relationship exists between the sliver cohesion (measured as sliver tenacity and sliver specific energy-to-break in a long-gauge tensile test) and a combination of the standard wool properties, such as bulk, mean fibre length (Barbe), mean fibre diameter and medullation content, used for the objective blend specification of New Zealand wools for marketing and processing.

In this dichotomous study, the silicone-based softeners were produced with the contribution of some additives such as glycerin, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) which had hydrophilic hydroxyl groups for providing or developing the hydrophilic character, lubricity and filling properties of the emulsions. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

The produced softeners were applied to the 100 percent cotton-knitted fabrics at different concentrations (owf%). In the first part of the study, the produced silicone emulsions were characterized via particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and TGA analyses. In addition, the effects of these emulsions on the mechanical properties of the fabrics were examined by bursting strength and pilling tests, and also the whiteness degrees (Berger value) of fabrics were researched. In the second part of the study, the effects of produced silicone softeners on the comfort properties of the fabrics were investigated.

According to the results, it was possible to say that the additives could be successfully added to the silicone emulsions, and they did not have a crucial effect on the properties of the emulsions or the mechanical and whiteness properties of the fabrics.

In this study, the additives were used as single form in the softeners recipes; however, their dual or trio combinations and/or their different concentrations could be used in the softeners emulsions.

In order to enhance the hydrophilic character, the lubricity and filling properties of the silicone softeners, they could be produced by using appropriate additives.

The contribution of the additives to the recipes of the silicone softeners is a novel approach.

Fabric fuzziness is a property which affects the appearance, handle, thermal insulation and other fabric features; it also leads to pilling that is a serious problem for the apparel industry. Fuzz on fabric surface has been measured mostly by subjective methods (human vision) rather than objective methods. In this study, an objective method using image analysis techniques is developed for the measurement of fuzz on fabric surface. The effects of fibers blend ratio and abrasion on fabric fuzziness are evaluated. For this purpose, several blended plain fabrics including polyester/viscose fibers with different blend ratios were produced and abraded under various cycles of traversing abrasion. Yarn hairiness was also measured using an Uster tester 4 apparatus before weaving. High correlation between Uster 4 data and the results obtained from the fuzz measurement of fabrics demonstrates that this method has high accuracy and great potential for the determination of fabric fuzziness levels in a quantitative and reliable manner.