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This study aims at investigating the effect of psychological empowerment on job burnout and competitive advantage with the mediating role of organizational commitment and creativity.

The statistical population included all the managers and staffs of Tooka Company in Iran, and for data analysis, 120 completed questionnaires were used. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 18 and Amos 20 software and structural equation modeling method. To test the mediating relationships, bootstrap method was used.

The findings showed that psychological empowerment has a significant direct effect on job burnout and competitive advantage. Also, psychological empowerment has a significant indirect effect on job burnout through the mediating role of organizational commitment. In addition, psychological empowerment has a significant indirect effect on competitive advantage through the mediating role of organizational creativity.

This study is among the first to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment, job burnout, competitive advantage, organizational commitment and creativity.

El trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el efecto del empoderamiento psicológico en el burnout y la ventaja competitiva, junto con el papel mediador del compromiso y la creatividad de la organización.

La población incluyó a todos los gerentes y personal de la Compañía Tooka en Irán. Para el análisis de datos se utilizaron 120 cuestionarios completos. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el software SPSS 18 y Amos 20 y el método de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Para probar las relaciones de mediación, se utilizó el método bootstrap.

Los resultados muestran que el empoderamiento psicológico tiene un efecto directo significativo en el burnout y la ventaja competitiva. Además, el empoderamiento psicológico tiene un efecto indirecto significativo en el burnout a través del papel mediador del compromiso organizacional. Además, el empoderamiento psicológico tiene un efecto indirecto significativo sobre la ventaja competitiva a través del papel mediador de la creatividad organizacional.

Este trabajo es uno de los primeros en investigar la relación entre empoderamiento psicológico, burnout, ventaja competitiva, compromiso organizacional y creatividad.

A pesquisa atual teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do empoderamento psicológico na síndrome de Burnout no trabalho e na vantagem competitiva com o papel mediador do compromisso organizacional e da criatividade.

A população estatística inclui todos os gestores e funcionários da Tooka Company no Irã e para a análise de dados, foram utilizados 120 questionários. A análise de dados foi realizada em SPSS 18 e amos 20 e com a metodologia de equações estruturais. Para testar os relacionamentos mediadores, o método bootstrap foi usado.

Os resultados mostraram que o empoderamento psicológico tem um efeito direto significativo no Burnout no trabalho e na vantagem competitiva. Além disso, o empoderamento psicológico tem um efeito indireto significativo no Burnout no trabalho através do papel mediador do compromisso organizacional. Além disso, o empoderamento psicológico tem um efeito indireto significativo na vantagem competitiva através do papel mediador da criatividade organizacional.

Esta pesquisa está entre as primeiras a investigar a relação entre empoderamento psicológico, Burnout no trabalho, vantagem competitiva, compromisso organizacional e criatividade.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the direct effects of strategic orientation in innovation and competition on personalisation and codification type knowledge management (KM) strategies and their organisational creativity.

The authors counter-checked the hypothesis model with a sample of 169 companies in emerging markets that adopt technology: a country such as Colombia. To do so, the authors used structural equations with the least squares model.

The data indicate that both KM strategies positively influence creativity; however, personalisation has a greater effect. Additionally, SG for innovation has a positive effect on both KM strategies; however, for competition, KM only has an influence on codification.

The relation between KM strategies and creativity has been approached on a strictly theoretical level; therefore, this paper provides empirical evidence on the subject. It also establishes the direct effect that SG has on KM strategies, which have so far only been tangentially analysed. In so doing, it goes further than the limitations in the literature regarding analysis of the KM-creativity relationship, but it does not consider business strategy implications.

el artículo busca analizar los efectos directos de la orientación estratégica (OE) a la innovación y a la competencia, sobre las estrategias de gestión del conocimiento (GC), de personalización y codificación y, de estas últimas, sobre la creatividad organizacional.

el modelo de hipótesis se contrastó en una muestra de 160 empresas situadas en un país emergente y tecnológicamente seguidor como Colombia. Para ello, se utilizaron ecuaciones estructurales por el método de los mínimos cuadrados.

los datos indican que ambas estrategias de GC influyen positivamente sobre la creatividad, sin embargo, el efecto de la personalización es mayor. Además, la OE a la innovación incide positivamente sobre ambas estrategias de GC, sin embargo, la OE a la competencia solo influye sobre la codificación.

la relación entre estrategias de GC y creatividad se ha planteado en el plano estrictamente teórico, por ende, este artículo aporta evidencia empírica sobre el particular. Además, establece el efecto directo de la OE sobre las estrategias de GC que ha sido analizado de manera tangencial y, de este modo, se superan las limitaciones que se han planteado en la literatura en torno a la forma como se ha venido analizando la relación GC-creatividad, sin considerar las implicaciones de la estrategia del negocio.

The purpose of this paper is to systematize the strategic capabilities of seven surviving industrial Catalan companies which were going through explosive growth in 1999.

We use the comparative case studies method to draw on the common features among the seven in‐debt cases we built. We are well aware that the method of comparative case studies does not provide a sufficient base for bold generalizations. However, the qualitative approach adopted here allows for the first in‐depth look at the strategies that bring surviving entrepreneurs from explosive growth to a more balanced growth path.

We identify four organizational capabilities as key to the survival of these businesses ten years later: first, ability to prioritize product and market development, including internationalization, over operations; second, ability to reorganize internally and delegate in a timely manner; third, ability to manage innovation and support creativity linked to productivity; and finally, ability to manage economic and financial resources.

Implications for the culturally proximate and less‐studied Latin‐American gazelles are presented.

El propósito de este artículo es sistematizar las capacidades estratégicas de siete empresas catalanas sobrevivientes y consideradas gacelas en 1999.

Se usa el método de estudio de casos comparativos para identificar las características de interés investigativo. Se es consciente de que el método de estudio de casos empleado, no proporciona una base suficiente para hacer generalizaciones de los hallazgos. No obstante, el enfoque cualitativo adoptado proporciona una primera mirada en profundidad de las estrategias que permitieron a los empresarios que sobrevivieron al crecimiento explosivo, seguir una senda de crecimiento más equilibrada.

Se identificaron cuatro capacidades organizacionales consideradas clave para la supervivencia de la empresa diez años después del crecimiento explosivo: 1) capacidad para priorizar dentro de sus operaciones el desarrollo de productos y mercados, incluyendo la internacionalización, 2) capacidad de reorganizar internamente y delegar de manera oportuna, 3) capacidad de gestión de la innovación y apoyar la creatividad ligada a la productividad y 4) capacidad de gestionar los recursos económicos y financieros.

Se presentan implicaciones para las gacelas localizadas en países latinoamericanos, las cuales son culturalmente próximas y escasamente estudiadas.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the characteristics and determinants of marketing innovation in companies, using the agribusiness sector as a case study due its economic and social importance in Latin America.

Data refer to the VI Innovation Survey undertaken in Chile (2010), based on the OECD guidelines. The authors compare the determinants of innovation in marketing, first among the agribusiness sector and other sectors of the economy, and then comparing their determinants using logistic regressions on other types of innovations in the agribusiness sector.

There are differences in the determinants of marketing innovation between agribusiness and other economic sectors. Also, there are differences in relation to the organisational, process and product innovations in the agribusiness sector.

The results imply the need for further study of marketing innovation and its relationship to other innovations considering different economic sectors and territories.

Business strategies and public programs that promote innovation should consider the differences between types of innovations.

This paper highlights and differentiates the marketing innovation with respect to other types of innovations—a topic not widely developed, especially in the agribusiness sector and in emerging countries.

El propósito de este artículo es analizar las características y determinantes de la innovación de marketing en empresas, tomando como estudio de caso el sector de agronegocios, de importancia económica y social en Latinoamérica.

Los datos corresponden a la VI Encuesta de Innovación de Chile (2010), basada en los lineamientos de la OECD. Se comparan los determinantes de las innovaciones en marketing, primero entre el sector de agronegocios y conjunto de otros sectores de la economía, para luego comparar mediante regresiones logísticas sus determinantes respecto de otros tipos de innovaciones en el sector de agronegocios.

Se establecen diferencias en los determinantes de la innovación en marketing entre el sector de agronegocios y conjunto de otros sectores de la economía, así como respecto de las innovaciones organizacionales, de procesos y productos para el sector de agronegocios.

Los resultados implican la necesidad de profundizar el estudio de la innovación en marketing y sus interrelaciones con otras innovaciones considerando distintos sectores económicos y territorios.

Las estrategias empresariales para fomentar la innovación, así como los programas públicos debieran considerar las diferencias entre tipos de innovaciones.

Este artículo destaca y diferencia la innovación en marketing de otros tipos de innovaciones, que es un tópico con poco desarrollo, especialmente en el sector de agronegocios y en países emergentes.

To empirically study the determinant factors of adopting work–life balance measures at the firm level.

After reviewing the main theories that explain work–life balance practices, IBEX-35 Spanish companies during 2015–2019 are studied to see whether the firm sector, the presence of female employees, qualified personnel, a company agreement and an equality plan determine these types of practices.

The results indicate a negative relationship between the firm activity sector and adopting work–life balance practices. Industrial companies offer fewer work–life balance measures than service companies. A company agreement implies more extensive adoption of work-life practices. Older companies are characterized by greater adoption of work-life practices, in contrast to their level of profitability that is associated negatively with these practices.

Since it is difficult for industrial companies to change their idiosyncrasies, it is necessary to incorporate other measures that promote work–life balance, such as timetable flexibility. Companies and policymakers should promote the advantages of a company agreement to contribute to the implementation of work–life balance practices.

The empirical evidence is scarce, especially in Spain and at the company level, given that most previous studies have focused on workers and the Anglo-Saxon sphere. Given the growing interest in this topic in the business world, the authors intend to contribute to this scarce literature by incorporating variables considered in previous studies, as well as other more innovative ones (agreement, equality plan) in a single model through a longitudinal study.

Estudiar empíricamente los factores determinantes de la adopción de medidas de conciliación a nivel de empresa.

Tras revisar las teorías que explican la adopción de prácticas de conciliación, se estudia para las empresas españolas del IBEX-35 durante el periodo 2015–2019, si el sector de actividad, la presencia de mujeres y de personal cualificado, así como la existencia de un convenio de empresa y de un plan de igualdad, determinan este tipo de prácticas.

Los resultados sugieren una relación negativa entre el tipo de sector al que pertenece la empresa y el índice de conciliación. Las compañías industriales poseen un menor índice de conciliación que las de servicios. La existencia de un convenio de empresa permite un mayor índice de conciliación. El índice de conciliación tiene mayor nivel de implantación en las empresas con mayor antigüedad si bien un mayor nivel de rentabilidad está asociado de modo negativo con las prácticas de conciliación.

En las empresas industriales es necesaria la incorporación de otras medidas que fomenten la conciliación, como, por ejemplo, la flexibilidad de entrada y salida. Animar a las empresas y policymarkers a incidir en las ventajas de un convenio de empresa puede contribuir al fomento de la implantación de medidas de conciliación.

La evidencia empírica es escasa para el caso español, y a nivel de empresa, dado que la mayoría de estudios previos han analizado al trabajador como objeto de estudio y pertenecen al ámbito anglosajón. Considerando el creciente interés de este tema en el mundo empresarial, se pretende contribuir a esta escasa literatura en España, incorporando tanto variables consideradas en estudios previos como otras más novedosas (convenio, plan de igualdad) a través de un estudio longitudinal.

The purpose of this article is to summarize the basic literature and concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship, emphasizing the relevant studies for Latin America. The authors aim to assess the role of Latin America in the world innovative activity utilizing the production of USPTO patents.

To achieve the first objective, the authors review and summarize the relevant literature for innovation and entrepreneurship in Latin America. They also introduce each of the papers included in the current special issue of Academia. To achieve the second objective, the authors use the production of USPTO patents by Latin American residents, and examine those levels to the rest of the world.

The authors find Latin America to be a marginal contributor to the world innovative activity. Although the region represented 8.7 per cent of world GDP in 2011, it only generated 0.19 per cent of the world patents registered at the USPTO between 2008 and 2012, and only 0.17 per cent of all patents registered since 1976. However, countries such as Costa Rica and Uruguay have larger levels of patent production by 100,000 inhabitants with 7.05 and 4.72 for 1976-2012.

This introduction introduces work that continues the intense discussion on innovation and entrepreneurship in Latin America. It is to the extent of the authors' knowledge, one of the first attempts to measure the level of innovation at the regional level, and compare the performance of different countries. This special edition has implications for individuals, firms and governments striving to introduce new products, services and processes in a region that has historically confronted important barriers to innovation.

En esta introducción presentamos algunos conceptos básicos sobre innovación y empresariado, y hacemos énfasis en la literatura que ha estudiado estos fenómenos en América Latina. Evaluamos, además, el papel de América Latina en la actividad innovadora mundial, utilizando la producción de patentes registradas en la Oficina de Patentes y Marcas de Estados Unidos (USPTO), y encontramos que América Latina desempeña un papel marginal con relación a otros centros mundiales de innovación. Finalmente, se presentan los artículos de este número de la revista Academia. Esta edición especial tiene implicaciones prácticas para individuos, empresas y gobiernos, que quieran introducir nuevos productos, servicios, y procesos desde una región que históricamente ha tenido que enfrentar barreras a la innovación.

The literature on knowledge management and organizational improvisation have emerged as important perspectives for organizing, while existing almost in parallel. Both have significant implications for, inter alia, innovation and creativity, adaptability, and management in turbulent times. Previous research has considered the role of improvisation in innovation. We build on this literature to examine the specific role of improvisation in knowledge creation. Our assessment of organizational improvisation indicates that it constitutes an important potential source of knowledge, thus opening up a new avenue for exploring the strategic as well as political significance of embedded, situated knowledge. We argue that the rapprochement of the two literatures brings about the notion of “improvisational knowledge”. We develop the significance of this form of knowledge, focusing in particular on the challenges of appreciating and appropriating it as opposed to seeking to codify it. We offer propositions and identify some avenues for further research.

The purpose of this study is to understand the perception and purchase intentions of Spanish consumers towards sustainable fashion and to see if this can guide the marketing strategy for sustainable fashion.

A mixed methodology has been designed to test the categories: knowledge, environmental concern, product-related features and social influence.

The results of this study suggest that some implications and advice on sustainability marketing strategy could help companies to develop sustainable fashion for Spanish consumers.

The originality of this study lies in the focus on sustainability to achieve happiness and satisfaction of people as a form of governance from a social point of view.

The main objective of this study is to analyze content posted by automotive sector brands on their YouTube channels, identifying the use of a branded content format, the application of insights to creative conceptualization and the dissemination of messages related to messages' environmental commitment.

A descriptive study was conducted using qualitative content analysis as the methodological approach. The sample is made up of 691 videos posted on YouTube from September 2020 to August 2021 by the ten automotive brands with the biggest advertising budgets in Spain (InfoAdex, 2021).

The findings reveal a predominance of the advertorial format in content posted on YouTube by automotive sector brands, while the branded content format is less popular. Creative concepts based on insights are rare and limited to videos with an advertisement format. The theme of respect for the environment is used mainly in connection with the discourse on vehicle features and not so much as a commitment by the brand in response to consumer concerns or the changes that the automotive sector is undergoing.

The originality of the study lies in the approach it takes to content posted by automotive brands on YouTube. The paper's contribution is innovative in that the study monitors posts by brands in the sample on YouTube over the course of a year, rather than just during the specific periods when these brands run advertising campaigns.