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This paper aims to examine the effects of travel experience dimensions on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty.

Data were collected from 457 international tourists visiting Phuket through a convenience sampling method. The structural equation modeling approach by AMOS was used to test the effects.

In case of island destination, beach attraction is not the only factor contributing to tourists’ loyalty, but hospitality of local people also plays an essential component to retain loyal tourists.

This study examined only one construct (i.e. travel experience) affecting tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty.

Tourist experience in beach attractions and local people are the key factors to retain royal tourists.

Quality of beaches and friendliness of local people are important factors to promote island tourism.

Two key factors of tourist experience were found to affect tourists’ loyalty in the case of island destination: beach attractions and local people.

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the tourism management literature by: first, developing a hybrid neural network that will be able to predict tourists' overall satisfaction of their travel experience; and second, prioritizing the travel attributes based on their proportional impact on tourists' overall satisfaction of their travel experience in Iran.

A total of 1,870 questionnaires were distributed amongst foreign tourists in the departure lounge of “Imam Khomeini International Airport” over a period of three months. The data were used to develop a hybrid neural network in which the “rough set” is used to reduce travel attributes and the neural network to predict tourists' overall satisfaction of travel experience. After the model proved its predictive accuracy, using the sensitivity analysis of the neural network travel attributes were prioritized based on their impact on tourists' overall satisfaction.

The results were quite promising in that the proposed hybrid neural network was able to predict tourists' overall satisfaction with a relatively low amount of error (RMSE=0.05246). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that rough sets theory is capable to be applied effectively to feature selection of large datasets in the tourism context. Finally, it was found that “improving tourism infrastructures of the country” in addition to “globally promoting the image of Iran” (as a secure and pleasant destination) are of the highest priority for Iran's tourism industry to reach to its full potential.

Besides developing a data mining tool which is an efficient means for predicting tourists' overall satisfaction, the paper's findings provide precious information for tourism policy makers in Iran by prioritizing those travel attributes that have the greatest impact on foreign tourists' overall satisfaction of their travel experience.

This study investigates how virtual reality (VR) travel attributes (e.g. sense and quality of information) influence spectators' flow experience, how emotion and past experience affect enjoyment and examines the impact of flow experience and enjoyment on satisfaction and booking or visiting intention.

The VR tour stimuli were fabricated using scenic views from the National Aquarium in the USA. Participants were equipped with Matterport VR and audio headsets and started their virtual travel. Once the participants completed their VR tours, they were asked to complete the questionnaire. Using the stimulus-organism-response theory, 303 valid responses were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

The results showed that the sense and quality of information in VR travel positively and significantly impacted the flow experience. Moreover, emotions and past experiences positively and significantly influenced the enjoyment of VR travel. Similarly, flow experience and enjoyment positively and significantly affect satisfaction. However, satisfaction with VR-related tourism experiences negatively affects users' bookings and visiting intentions.

This study concludes that, from Thai tourists' perspectives, virtual travel should be used as a solution only during the pandemic because, in the long term it can cause a loss to the business chain in the tourism industry.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, no prior research has examined the influence of past experiences and emotions on satisfaction with VR travel.

Drawing on solidarity-conflict model, expectancy disconfirmation theory and bottom-up spillover theory, this study aims to explore how intergenerational conflict is linked to parents’ subjective well-being through the serial mediating effects of family intimacy and travel satisfaction, self-efficacy and travel satisfaction.

Based on a survey of 411 senior parents who have family travel experience, a structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypotheses.

This study demonstrated the negative impacts of intergenerational conflict on parents’ travel satisfaction and subjective well-being and further reveals two serial mediators through individual level and family level (i.e. self-efficacy → travel satisfaction; family intimacy → travel satisfaction).

The findings of this research generate valuable practical implications for family members and destination organizations. Adult children should consider different generations’ needs to choose tourism products, help parents reduce tension and negative emotions about unusual environments and build confidence. The destination organizations need to design family interaction projects with a sense of rituals to enhance family intimacy.

This study focusing on the intergenerational conflict of adult children traveling with parents, empirically examines the negative impacts of intergenerational conflict on parents’ subjective well-being, uncovers the detrimental effects of family travel; it breaks the stereotype that family travel is always full of joy, enriching research on intergenerational relationships and family travel.

研究基于团结-冲突模型、期望不一致理论和自下而上溢出理论, 旨在通过家庭亲密度和旅行满意度、自我效能感和旅行满意度的链式中介效应探索代际冲突如何影响父母的主观幸福感。

基于411位有过家庭旅行经历的老年父母的调查数据, 运用结构方程模型检验假设。

研究验证了代际冲突对父母旅行满意度和主观幸福感的负面影响, 并进一步从个人层面和家庭层面揭示了两个链式中介的作用(即自我效能感→ 旅行满意度; 家庭亲密→ 旅行满意度)。

研究聚焦成年子女与父母一起旅行的代际冲突, 实证检验了代际冲突对父母主观幸福感的负面影响, 发现了家庭旅行中的消极面, 打破了家庭旅行总是充满欢乐的刻板印象, 丰富了代际关系和家庭旅行的研究成果。

研究结果为家庭成员和目的地组织提供了具有价值的实践指导。成年子女在选择旅游产品时需要考虑不同的代际需求, 帮助父母减少非惯常环境中的紧张和负面情绪, 建立自信心。目的地组织可设计更具仪式感的家庭互动项目, 帮助提高家庭亲密度。

Basado en el modelo de solidaridad-conflicto, la teoría de inconsistencia de expectativas y la teoría de desbordamiento de abajo hacia arriba, este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar cómo el conflicto intergeneracional está relacionado con el bienestar subjetivo de los padres a través de los efectos mediados de serie de la intimidad familiar y la satisfacción de viaje, la autoeficacia y la satisfacción de viaje.

Basado en datos de encuestas de 411 padres mayores que tienen experiencia en viajes familiares, un modelo de ecuación estructural fue utilizado para probar las hipótesis.

Este estudio demostró el impacto negativo del conflicto intergeneracional en la satisfacción de viaje de los padres y el bienestar subjetivo, y además reveló dos mediadores de serie a nivel individual y nivel familiar (es decir, autoeficacia →satisfacción de viaje; intimidad familiar →satisfacción de viaje).

Este estudio se centra en el conflicto intergeneracional de los hijos adultos que viajan con sus padres, para examinar empíricamente el impacto negativo del conflicto intergeneracional en el bienestar subjetivo de los padres, revela los aspectos negativos de los viajes familiares, rompe el estereotipo de que los viajes familiares siempre están llenos de alegría, lo que enriquece el estudio de las relaciones intergeneracionales y los viajes familiares.

Los hallazgos de este estudio proporciona valiosas implicaciones prácticas para los miembros de la familia y los organizadores de destinos. Los hijos adultos consideran las necesidades de diferentes generacionales para elegir productos de viaje, ayudar a los padres a reducir la tensión y las emociones negativas en entornos inusual y desarrollar la confianza y la. Los organizadores de destinos deben diseñar programas de interacción familiar con sentido de rituales para potenciar la intimidad familiar de los padres.

The impact of smartphone use at tourist destinations on the relationship of travel companions and trip satisfaction remains unclear. This study considers differences in relational outcomes arising from smartphone use to kill time and reduce boredom during leisure travel with different companions, either family or friends, and uses the Riva's emotion regulation model to examine whether such smartphone use provides immediate relief from ostracism.

Partial least square (PLS) method and PLS multigroup analysis were used to analyze the data collected from 205 Taiwanese tourists (104 respondents vacationing with friends and 101 respondents with family).

This study found no negative effect of smartphone use to kill time and reduce boredom on relationship satisfaction and overall trip satisfaction. Smartphone use is rather limited as a contributor to trip satisfaction, and the effect of smartphone use depends on who the tourists are traveling with. The results reflect the effect of the established position of smartphones in everyday life, extending to tourism. The use of smartphones to kill time and avoid boredom is not a sufficiently “active” activity to serve as an effective immediate response to ostracism.

This study contributes to the continuing debate on the impact of new technologies on social relations. Although past studies have examined the relational outcomes of smartphone use, few have investigated this subject in the context of different travel companions. Using Riva's emotion regulation model, this study considers smartphone use as a possible response to ostracism.

The effects of travel motivation and emotional experience on both tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty are recognized and have been extensively researched as key factors in tourism success. However, the structural relationships between these factors, considering the mediating effects of eudaimonic well-being (optimal psychological functioning), have been scarcely investigated in the consumer tourist behaviors literature. This study aims to develop an integrated model explaining the impact of travel motivation and emotional experience on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty, mediated by eudaimonic well-being in the realm of domestic tourism.

A quantitative survey was conducted with 321 domestic tourists visiting Aqaba in Jordan; structural equation modeling was used to analyze the empirical data.

The findings of this study indicate that both travel motivation and emotional experience have a direct effect on eudaimonic well-being and that eudaimonic well-being has a direct effect on both tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Additionally, travel motivation and emotional experience have significant indirect impacts on post-consumption behaviors mediated by eudaimonic well-being.

This study contributes to the literature on consumer behavior in a tourism context by developing a fresh model that improves theoretical knowledge of the relationships between travel motivation, emotional experience and eudaimonic well-being, which underlie tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty formation. This study also advances theoretical understanding of the key roles of eudaimonic well-being in the tourist experience. Managerial implications of these findings are discussed.

While travelling, tourists like to use mobile technology to share their travel experiences. This study aims to understand how the social value gained by tourists from sharing a travel experience with mobile technology affects their satisfaction with the travel experience through onsite mobile sharing behaviour.

A second-order hierarchical model is constructed to examine the moderated mediating role of onsite mobile sharing behaviour in improving tourists’ travel satisfaction. Through systematic sampling, 304 responses were collected at ten attraction points in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China.

The results show that, compared with self-centred values (self-presentation and self-identification), other-centred values (building social connection and reciprocity) contribute more to forming social values of sharing. In addition, onsite mobile sharing behaviour partially mediates and moderates the effect of social values on travel satisfaction.

This study applies the social capital theory to identify the value gained by sharing travel experiences and empirically evaluates the impact of these values on the overall value of sharing travel experiences. This study also contributes to tourism research by examining the moderated mediating role of onsite mobile sharing behaviour in improving travel satisfaction. This study helps destination marketing to make strategies to motivate tourists to use mobile technology to share their travel experiences while travelling.

This study aims to explore what may have contributed to risk-taking travel behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and what may be the drivers of satisfaction and intention to travel again. The study compares travelers based on their travel purposes (business, pleasure and visiting friends and relatives [VFR]) and explore the influence of subjective well-being received from their travel activities.

Data from a structured survey of 323 US residents who traveled during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected on MTurk. Respondents were asked travel behavior questions related to their favorite trips and to rate several multi-item scales measuring the benefits expected and received from their trip, the trip’s contribution to their positive mental and subjective psychological well-being, as well as their satisfaction with the trip and intention to travel in the future. In addition, personality measures focused on risk-taking, thrill-seeking and self-confidence, as well as additional risk-related concepts of optimism bias, probability neglect and proximity to self.

Data analysis revealed some differences among respondents who traveled for business, pleasure and VFR purposes. Business travelers were more risk takers and thrill seekers; pleasure travelers achieved more well-being benefits from their favorite trips during the pandemic; however, VFR travelers’ satisfaction and intention to go on similar trips were explained more by the benefits they received from their favorite trips.

Although several studies addressed consumers’ travel motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lack of empirical research comparing the characteristics of travelers based on their travel purposes, as well as their sociodemographics, personality traits and the expected and perceived well-being benefits from traveling.

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationships between older travelers’ self-determined motivations, memorable travel experiences and overall satisfaction with educational holidays. This study also examined the mediating effects of memorable travel experiences on the relationships between motivations and overall satisfaction.

An integrative model using a pre-post travel approach was used as the framework for this study. A total of 361 valid pre- and post-travel surveys were gathered from Australians 50 years or older who participated in educational tour packages.

Results found “personal development” and “learning” dimensions of intrinsic self-determined motivations were the main decision making factors for older adults to engage in educational tourism. “Learning” was the main driver to influence memorable experiences and overall satisfaction. Findings also revealed “local culture” and “excitement” dimensions of memorable experiences were found to influence their overall satisfaction with the trip. These two dimensions were found to be significant factors that partially mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation (“learning”) and overall satisfaction.

This study contributed to developing a theoretical framework that assessed antecedents and outcomes of older adults’ motivations and travel-related behaviors.

本论文旨在研究老年游客的自我决定、印象深刻的旅游体验、和整体满意度之间的关系, 以教育假期为研究背景。本论文还研究了印象深刻的旅游体验对于动机和满意度之间的中间调解作用。

本论文采用旅游前-旅游后的一体化模型作为理论框架, 使用来自澳大利亚年龄为50岁以上的教育旅游团游客为样本, 收取了361份有效旅游前-旅游后问卷。

个人发展和各种自我决定动机的学习因素成为主要决定老年人游客参与教育旅游团的原因。学习成为主导印象深刻的体验和整体满意度的原因。印象深刻的体验中的当地文化和兴奋度等因素成为主导其对整个旅游过程满意度的原因。这两个因素（当地文化和兴奋度）也部分地中间调解内部动力（学习）和整体满意度的关系。

本论文对于老年游客动机分析和旅游行为的相关文献具有理论贡献。

老年人 PLS-SEM, 、整体满意度, 、教育旅游, 、印象深刻的体验

研究论文

This paper aims to investigate whether cultural intelligence will influence Chinese tourists’ travel satisfaction, revisit intention and word-of-mouth communication.

An online survey was conducted to collect data from 614 adult Chinese tourists, who have overseas travel experiences. Then, the Statistics Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed for data analysis.

The findings confirm that cultural intelligence has significant positive impacts on tourist satisfaction, revisit intention and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication. Additionally, tourist satisfaction significantly affects tourist eWOM communication.

This study provides theoretical and practical contributions regarding the effects of tourist cultural intelligence, especially on tourist post-travel evaluation and behavioural intention, which has been merely investigated in extant tourism research.