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A novel type of heat transfer fluid known as hybrid nanofluids is used to improve the efficiency of heat exchangers. It is observed from literature evidence that hybrid nanofluids outperform single nanofluids in terms of thermal performance. This study aims to address the stagnation point flow induced by Williamson hybrid nanofluids across a vertical plate. This fluid is drenched under the influence of mixed convection in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium with heat source/sink and entropy generation.

By applying the proper similarity transformation, the partial differential equations that represent the leading model of the flow problem are reduced to ordinary differential equations. For the boundary value problem of the fourth-order code (bvp4c), a built-in MATLAB finite difference code is used to tackle the flow problem and carry out the dual numerical solutions.

The shear stress decreases, but the rate of heat transfer increases because of their greater influence on the permeability parameter and Weissenberg number for both solutions. The ability of hybrid nanofluids to strengthen heat transfer with the incorporation of a porous medium is demonstrated in this study.

The findings may be highly beneficial in raising the energy efficiency of thermal systems.

The originality of the research lies in the investigation of the Darcy–Forchheimer stagnation point flow of a Williamson hybrid nanofluid across a vertical plate, considering buoyancy forces, which introduces another layer of complexity to the flow problem. This aspect has not been extensively studied before. The results are verified and offer a very favorable balance with the acknowledged papers.

Ferrofluids are aqueous or non-aqueous solutions with colloidal particles of iron oxide nanoparticles with high magnetic characteristics. Their magnetic characteristics enable them to be controlled and manipulated when ferrofluids are exposed to magnetic fields. This study aims to inspect the features of unsteady stagnation point flow (SPF) and heat flux from the surface by incorporating ferromagnetic particles through a special kind of second-grade fluid (SGF) across a movable sheet with a nonlinear heat source/sink and magnetic field effect. The mass suction/injection and stretching/shrinking boundary conditions are also inspected to calculate the fine points of the features of multiple solutions.

The leading equations that govern the ferrofluid flow are reduced to a group of ordinary differential equations by applying similarity variables. The converted equations are numerically solved through the bvp4c solver. Afterward, study and discussion are carried out to examine the different physical parameters of the characteristics of nanofluid flow and thermal properties.

Multiple solutions are revealed to happen for situations of unsteadiness, shrinking as well as stretching sheets. Greater suction slows the separation of the boundary layers and causes the critical values to expand. The region where the multiple solutions appear is observed to expand with increasing values of the magnetic, non-Newtonian and suction parameters. Moreover, the fluid velocity significantly uplifts while the temperature declines due to the suction parameter.

The novelty of the work is to deliberate the impact of mass suction/injection on the unsteady SPF through the special second-grade ferrofluids across a movable sheet with an erratic heat source/sink. The confirmed results provide a very good consistency with the accepted papers. Previous studies have not yet fully explored the entire analysis of the proposed model.

This study aims to review relevant studies concerning consumer purchase of halal-certified products. A total of 35 studies related to the consumer purchasing behavior of halal-certified products in top-tier journals have been identified according to the recommended systematic literature review methodology.

A systematic literature review approach was implemented to examine, summarize and finally interpret the relevant research stream pertaining to consumer purchase of halal-certified products.

There are five research streams extracted from this systematic review, halal study context, theories adapted, covariance-based-structural equation modeling (SEM) vs partial least square-SEM, Muslim vs nonMuslim consumer and role of religiosity. Despite the growing interest in the quantitative approach in consumer purchase behavior in halal-certified products, scholars in halal consumer studies must have a greater extent of work. These include incorporating diverse theories in the framework, an advanced SEM approach, and relevant determinants to capture consumer purchasing of halal-certified products in the highly anticipated and profitable Muslim market.

Findings would help researchers in halal studies to consider and contemplate critical issues, according to the research stream presented in this review.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first review of quantitative studies on consumer purchases of halal-certified products.

This study aims to investigate the dual solutions for axisymmetric flow and heat transfer due to a permeable radially shrinking disk in copper oxide (CuO) and silver (Ag) hybrid nanofluids with radiation effect.

The partial differential equations that governed the problem will undergo a transformation into a set of similarity equations. Following this transformation, a numerical solution will be obtained using the boundary value problem solver, bvp4c, built in the MATLAB software. Later, analysis and discussion are conducted to specifically examine how various physical parameters affect both the flow characteristics and the thermal properties of the hybrid nanofluid.

Dual solutions are discovered to occur for the case of shrinking disk (λ < 0). Stronger suction triggers the critical values’ expansion and delays the boundary layer separation. Through stability analysis, it is determined that one of the solutions is stable, whereas the other solution exhibits instability, over time. Moreover, volume fraction upsurge enhances skin friction and heat transfer in hybrid nanofluid. The hybrid nanofluid’s heat transfer also heightened with the influence of radiation.

Flow over a shrinking disk has received limited research focus, in contrast to the extensively studied axisymmetric flow problem over a diverse set of geometries such as flat surfaces, curved surfaces and cylinder. Hence, this study highlights the axisymmetric flow due to a shrinking disk under radiation influence, using hybrid nanofluids containing CuO and Ag. Upon additional analysis, it is evidently shows that only one of the solutions exhibits stability, making it a physically dependable choice in practical applications. The authors are very confident that the findings of this study are novel, with several practical uses of hybrid nanofluids in modern industry.

This paper aims to study a non-Newtonian micropolar fluid flow over a bidirectional flexible surface for multiple exact solutions of momentum boundary layer and thermal transport phenomenon subject to wall mass flux, second-order slip and thermal jump conditions.

The coupled equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. Analytical and numerical techniques are used to solve the coupled equations for single, dual or multiple solutions.

The results show that the stretching flow, shrinking flow, the wall drag, thermal profile and temperature gradient manifest large changes when treated for special effects of the standard parameters. The role of critical numbers is definitive in locating the domains for the existence of exact solutions. The nondimensional parameters, such as mass transfer parameter, bidirectional moving parameter, plate deformation strength parameter, velocity slips, material parameter, thermal jump and Prandtl number, are considered, and their physical effects are presented graphically. The presence of governing parameters exhibits special effects on the flow, microrotation and temperature distributions, and various exact solutions are obtained for the special parametric cases.

The originality and value of this work lie in its exploration of non-Newtonian micropolar fluid flow over a bidirectional flexible surface, highlighting the multiple exact solutions for momentum boundary layers and thermal transport under various physical conditions. The study provides insights into the effects of key parameters on flow and thermal behavior, contributing to the understanding of complex fluid dynamics.

The purpose of this study is to examine the flow and heat transfer performance of titanium oxide/water and copper/water nanofluids with varying nanoparticle morphologies by considering magnetic, Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. Furthermore, it studies the irreversibility caused by the flow of a hydromagnetic nanofluid past a radiated stretching sheet by considering different shapes of TiO₂ and Cu nanoparticles with water as the base fluid.

In this study, the authors investigated entropy production in an unsteady two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic nanofluid regime using water as the base fluid and five unique TiO₂ and Cu nanoparticle morphologies. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the controlling nonlinear system of partial differential equations is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations. The shooting technique with Runge–Kutta method was then used to solve these equations quantitatively. The findings of this study are depicted graphically, and the skin friction corresponding to various nanoparticle geometries and physical parameter variations is tabulated.

To assess the reliability of the current findings, a tabular representation of the data was compared to that of previously published studies. It is noted that a reduction in thermal energy was detected as a result of the higher levels of Prandtl number (Pr). It is further analysed that the highest heat energy generation of TiO₂ nanoparticles was larger than that of Cu nanoparticles. The most important finding was that the sphere-shaped Cu/H₂O nanofluid had the lowest velocity and greatest temperature. Also, Cu nanoparticles in the shape of platelets generate the most entropy, while TiO₂ nanoparticles in the shape of spheres generate the least.

To the best of the knowledge of the authors, the attempt to investigate the previously unexplored shape effects of TiO₂ and Cu nanoparticles on the heat transfer enhancement and inherent irreversibility caused by hydromagnetic nanofluid flow past a radiated stretching sheet with magnetic, Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. This study fills this gap in the existing literature and encourages scientists, engineers and businesses to do more research in this area. This model can be used to improve heat transfer in systems that use renewable energy, thermal management in industry and the processing of materials.

The development of higher learning institutions (HLIs) is considered a strategy to trigger urban space development – and it is the economy in most developing countries. HLIs can develop and maintain pace with the experience economy in the current urban economy, particularly in the services sector. This paper seeks to evaluate the influence of HLIs on elements of the experience economy in the urban services sector in Bandar Baru Bangi (BBB), a knowledge-based city.

The research adopted a purposive sampling technique and engaged 382 urban community respondents in BBB, Malaysia. The study used four elements (education, gastronomy, health, and the retail sectors) to assess the experience economy performance.

The results show that the local community is the “active users” of the services, and the active users have enjoyed the existence of the experience economy. Findings reveal a preference for education and health over gastronomy and retail sectors. Of these four sectors, the education sector experience had the most prominent effect, thereby showing that the higher learning institutions around this city served a major role in the sector development of urban services.

The research used a purposive sampling method and engaged 382 respondents in BBB, Malaysia. The restriction of the study area to BBB is a limitation component. Future studies should explore a large-scale investigation to evaluate better and validate the results.

The research has shown that the city's higher education institutions have affected the development of the experience economy in the four sectors.

The study shows that the framework of the experience economy and the establishment of HLIs can stimulate the experience economy within the urban services sector.

The purpose of this paper was to identify talent development practices and processes that enhance professional and career growth of employees in South African higher education institutions (HEIs).

A quantitative study was carried out to investigate the subject matter. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 265 academics in three South African HEIs. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 27.0, was used to analyse the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and factor analysis were used to test the reliability and validity of the measuring instrument. Pearson’s correlations and regression analysis were used to interpret the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

The results of the Pearson correlation test established a strong positive influence of training development, coaching and mentoring and career development on talent development. On the other hand, linear regression results indicated that training and development, coaching and mentoring and career development made a strong contribution to the model.

The scope of the study only applied to South African HEIs, making the generalisation of the findings to be limited because of the differences in an organisational context. Hence, future research should focus on different industries.

The study contributes to understanding how talent development can be leveraged to assist academics in HEIs to improve their professional and career goals. The findings suggest that HEIs must invest in talent development to help academics acquire the skills, knowledge and competencies required to perform their tasks.

This paper sheds more light on talent development practices and processes that enhance academic skills, knowledge and competencies in HEIs. Moreover, the study expands on the findings of prior studies concerning talent development in learning organisations.

The evaluation of high thermal efficiency has actively highlighted the unique behaviour of hybrid nanofluid. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to emphasize the hybrid nanofluid’s stagnation point in three-dimensional flow with magnetic field.

The defined ordinary differential equations systems are addressed using the bvp4c solver.

The results indicate that using dual solutions is possible as long as the physical parameters remain within their specified ranges. Hybrid nanofluid flow has been recognised for its superior heat transfer capabilities in comparison to both viscous flow and nanofluid flow. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated in the current study that augmenting the volume concentration of nanoparticles leads to a corresponding enhancement in the rate of heat transfer. When the velocity gradients ratio is augmented, there is a corresponding reduction in the thermal performance. The separation value grows as the magnetic parameter rises, which signifies the expansion of the boundary layer.

The originality of the paper highlights the general mathematical hybrid model of the three-dimensional problem with the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect in the stagnation point flow. The comprehensive examination of the suggested model has not yet been thoroughly addressed in prior research.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of inclined magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and thermal radiation on the flow of a ternary micropolar nanofluid on a sheet that is expanding and contracting while applying mass transpiration and velocity slip conditions to the flow. The nanofluid, which is composed of Au, Ag and Cu nanoparticles dispersed in water as the base fluid, possesses critical properties for increasing the heat transfer rate and is frequently used in manufacturing and industrial establishments.

The set of governing nonlinear partial differential equations is transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The outcome of this differential equation is solved and obtained the closed-form solution and energy equation in the form of hypergeometric functions.

The velocity, micro-rotation and temperature field are investigated versus a parametric variation. The physical domains of mass suction or injection and micropolar characteristics play an important role in specifying the presence, singleness and multiplanes of exact solutions. In addition, many nondimensional characteristics of the profiles of temperature, angular velocity and velocity profiles are graphically shown with substantial consequences. Furthermore, adding nanoparticles increases the heat transfer rate of the fluid used in manufacturing and industrial establishments. The current findings may be used for better oil recovery procedures, smart materials such as magnetorheological fluids, targeted medicine administration and increased heat transmission. Concerning environmental cleanup, nanomaterial fabrication and biomedical devices, demonstrate their potential influence in a variety of disciplines.

The originality of this paper is to analyze the impact of inclined MHD at an angle with the ternary nanofluid on a micropolar fluid over an expanding and contracting sheet with thermal radiation effect.