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The purpose of this paper is to establish the predictors of consumers’ annual monetary expenditures on clothing and footwear in Quito, the capital of Ecuador, a developing Latin American country.

The research followed an exploratory, sequential, mixed methods design. The first phase consisted of in-depth interviews with adult individuals. The second phase involved surveying a similar segment of the population.

The present study supports the importance of demographic and psychological factors as predictors. The study also identifies two new groups of predictors: consumers’ reception of used clothing and physical space at home and its management.

In addition to demographic variables, consumer panels that measure expenditures on clothing and footwear should include psychological measures of participants, particularly clothing involvement. Clothing manufacturers and retailers in developing countries should consider the impact of receiving used clothes by consumers. Because clothing buying and disposal behaviors are positively associated, companies should become more involved in their customers’ disposal behavior.

The contribution of the present study is twofold. First, it contributes to the understanding of clothing and footwear expenditures by considering the individual consumer as a unit of analysis. Furthermore, it provides insights into this behavior from a little-studied context.

The purpose of this paper is to understand in-depth how consumers create value in their lives using WhatsApp, the leading mobile instant messaging (MIM) application.

The study adopts the perspective of customer-dominant logic (CDL) and uses a qualitative multimethod design involving 3 focus groups and 25 subsequent in-depth interviews. The research setting was Ecuador, a Latin American country.

Analysis and interpretation of the participants’ stories made it possible to identify and understand the creation of four types of value: maintaining and strengthening relationships; improving role performance; emotional support; and entertainment and fun. In addition, the present study proposes a conceptual model of consumer value creation as it applies to MIM.

Understanding the way consumers create value in their lives using MIM is important not only for organizations that offer MIM applications, but also for those companies that develop other applications for mobile phones or for those who wish to use MIM as an electronic word-of-mouth vehicle.

The current study is one of the first to address the topic of consumer behavior in the use of technologies from the perspective of CDL; this perspective enables an integrated qualitative vision of value creation in which the consumer is the protagonist.

El presente estudio busca comprender a profundidad la forma en que los consumidores crean valor en sus vidas usando WhatsApp, la aplicación líder de mensajería instantánea basada en móviles (MIM).

El estudio adopta la perspectiva de la lógica dominante del cliente y utiliza un diseño cualitativo multimétodo que involucra 3 grupos focales seguidos de 25 entrevistas a profundidad. El escenario de estudio es Ecuador, un país Latinoamericano.

El análisis e interpretación de los relatos de los participantes hace posible identificar y comprender la creación de cuatro tipos de valor: Mantener y fortalecer relaciones, mejorar el desempeño de roles, apoyo emocional y, diversión y entretenimiento. Adicionalmente, el estudio propone un modelo conceptual de creación de valor aplicado a MIM.

La comprensión de la forma en que los consumidores crean valor en sus vidas usando MIM, es importante no solo para las empresas que ofrecen aplicaciones MIM, sino también para las empresas que desarrollan otras aplicaciones para móviles o para aquellas que desean usar MIM como canal electrónico para estrategias boca a boca.

El presente estudio es uno de los primeros en abordar el área del comportamiento del consumidor en el uso de tecnologías desde una perspectiva de la lógica dominante del cliente. Esta perspectiva permite presentar una visión cualitativa integrada de la creación de valor, en la cual el consumidor es el protagonista.

This study aims to analyze the influence of political regime on economic growth.

The methodology was based on an inter-period comparison of the evolution of macroeconomic fundamentals in three different political regimes in Ecuador, a South American country.

The results showed that what determines the evolution of macroeconomic fundamentals is not the political regime that oversees it, but the size of a positive exogenous shock on the price of raw materials, which, by providing higher incomes, considerably increases the level of investment and net exports. However, the political regime does affect the distribution of income in sectors such as health and education.

As far as the authors know, this may be the first paper to explore the importance of a positive exogenous shock on a political regime for the case of primary-exporting Latin American economies, which are price takers subject to exogenous shocks.

Green entrepreneurship is a topic of transcendental importance for today's societies. Studies on why entrepreneurs engage in green business have primarily focused on external influences, paying little attention to internal factors such as cognitive mechanisms. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on the characteristics of the perceived (psychological) time of entrepreneurs who choose green businesses.

Using a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, this study conducts a series of 20 in-depth interviews with green entrepreneurs in Russia, an emerging economy, and then formulates the hypotheses. The hypotheses are tested in the quantitative phase by surveying 389 green and non-green entrepreneurs.

The data obtained in the survey phase support several hypotheses. Specifically, green entrepreneurs think more critically about their past than their non-green colleagues. Similarly, green entrepreneurs have a longer time perspective and are more focused on possible future events. Finally, green entrepreneurs are farsighted and perceive the future more negatively than non-green entrepreneurs.

The data obtained in the survey phase support several hypotheses. Compared with non-green entrepreneurs, green entrepreneurs think more critically about their past, have a longer time perspective and are more focused on possible future events. In addition, green entrepreneurs are farsighted and perceive the future more negatively than their non-green counterparts.

This study contributes to the least examined area in the relevant literature by identifying internal factors that explain green entrepreneurship. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is one of the first to provide an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of the perceived (psychological) time of green entrepreneurs.

In Mexico, wine tourism has become a relevant issue in the past 20 years. Research in this region is in a nascent stage and largely focused on the supply side. Nevertheless, consumer behavior research on wine tourists of the region is needed to improve the wine region positioning. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out the predictors for revisit intention (RI) to the Valle de Guadalupe wine route.

The information was obtained by applying an exit poll survey to a sample of 422 wine tourists at the micro, small and medium wineries in Ensenada, Mexico. The spatial-temporal model was used to predict the wine tourist RI. Three dimensions were used: pre-visit, in situ experience and travel to/from. Multiple linear regressions were carried out to assess the relation between the three dimensions and RI.

The results obtained show that the pre-visit and in situ dimensions have an effect on RI to the wine route.

The generalization of the results may be limited due to fact that only the repeated visitors of the autumn season are included; therefore, it is not applicable to summer (high season of wine tourism) and first-time visitors.

The results provide implications for the owners of the micro, small and medium wineries seeking to improve the experience and increasing the tourist RI to the wine route.

The theoretical added value of this paper is its contribution to the body of knowledge about the wine tourism spatial-temporal model, evaluating the complete wine tourism experience to predict RI.

In Latin American cities a great part of the urban environment has grown through self-help processes leading to informal settlements. In the Mexican context, informal settlements are called “colonias populares” which means people’s or popular neighbourhoods. In the late 1960s Turner (1969) argued that popular neighbourhoods should be reconsidered as environments which are socially and culturally responsive to the needs of the inhabitants, as the architecture produced by low-income settlers is based on a system responsive to the changing needs and demands of the users. In these settlements the built environment is the result of the freedom available to inhabitants to take decisions and shape their own environment. This in turn gives place to a myriad of spatial expressions in which culture, identity and popular character are imprinted in both the private and public spaces. This paper explores these issues in the spaces between the dwellings in the public realm.

The objective of this research is to know the degree of influence that strategic planning (SP) exerts on the tangible and intangible results of business microenterprises in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico.

The methodological design was quantitative, explanatory, observational and cross-sectional, where a sample of 407 young leaders of microenterprises from the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, was obtained. To evaluate hypotheses, a structural equation model (SEM) was developed. Regarding the goodness and adjustment indices of the SEM, they were absolutely acceptable.

The results obtained through Pearson’s correlation show that there is a positive and significant relationship between SP and the tangible and intangible results of microenterprises. In addition, through the results obtained with the SEM model, it is statistically demonstrated that SP positively and significantly influences the tangible and intangible results of microenterprises in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico.

In this research, only SP was valued as a variable that intervenes in the process of achieving tangible and intangible results to achieve the business objectives of entrepreneurial microenterprises in the state of Guanajuato. It is essential to point out that other variables that intervene in the process must be considered to generate tangible and intangible results. It is recommended to carry out further research under these variables to identify strategies for improving entrepreneurial microenterprises for their growth, sustainability and rapid positioning in a highly competitive market.

SP represents one of the tools to achieve the success of microenterprises through tangible and intangible results. However, microenterprises show a need to involve the use and application of SP to define clear indicators that contribute to obtaining satisfactory tangible and intangible results.

The findings are relevant and of great value, because there is currently not enough research that focuses on the variables analyzed, in this sense, SP and the tangible and intangible results of young entrepreneurial leaders of microenterprises in the Mexican context. The limitations of this study lie in the low participation and interest of young microenterprise entrepreneurs in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico.

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el grado de influencia que ejerce la planificación estratégica sobre los resultados tangibles e intangibles de las microempresas empresariales en el estado de Guanajuato, México.

El diseño metodológico fue cuantitativo, explicativo, observacional y transversal, donde se obtuvo una muestra de 407 jóvenes líderes de microempresas del estado de Guanajuato, México. Para evaluar hipótesis, se desarrolló un modelo de ecuación estructural (SEM). En cuanto a los índices de bondad y ajuste del SEM resultaron absolutamente aceptables.

Los resultados obtenidos mediante la correlación de Pearson muestran que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre la planificación estratégica y los resultados tangibles e intangibles de las microempresas. Además, a través de los resultados obtenidos a través del modelo SEM, se demuestra estadísticamente que la planificación estratégica influye positiva y significativamente en los resultados tangibles e intangibles de las microempresas del estado. de Guanajuato, México.

La planeación estratégica representa una de las herramientas para lograr el éxito de las microempresas a través de los resultados tangibles e intangibles. Sin embargo, las microempresas muestran necesidad en el involucramiento del uso y aplicación de la planeación estratégica para la definición de indicadores claros que contribuyan a obtener resultados tangibles e intangibles satisfactorios. En base a lo anterior, resulta ser motivante para los académicos, empresarios y legisladores para motivar el uso de la planificación estratégica en las microempresas debido a las bondades que atrae en garantizar el éxito de la microempresa como lo ha sugerido el Instituto del fracaso, así como también el Desarrollo de la Competitividad Empresarial. Asimismo, la planeación estratégica identifica y analiza los factores relevantes que pueden servir como apoyo a las microempresas así como a los diferentes modelos de emprendimiento que se desarrollan a través de la literatura, ofreciendo una alternativa en el enfoque de su estudio, mismos que se van ajustando a las nuevas tendencias que van surgiendo desde ámbitos nacionales como internacionales, y en particular, en el estado de Guanajuato (México) que representa uno de los estados importantes debido a su actividad económica en los sectores de agroindustria, manufactura (especialmente automotriz) y de servicios del país.

Los hallazgos son relevantes y de gran valor, pues actualmente no existe suficiente investigación que se enfoque en las variables analizadas, en este sentido, la planificación estratégica y los resultados tangibles e intangibles de jóvenes líderes emprendedores de microempresas en el contexto mexicano. Las limitaciones de este estudio radican en la baja participación e interés de los jóvenes emprendedores de microempresas del estado de Guanajuato. México

o objetivo desta pesquisa é conhecer o grau de influência que o planejamento estratégico exerce sobre os resultados tangíveis e intangíveis das microempresas empresariais do estado de Guanajuato, México.

O desenho metodológico foi quantitativo, explicativo, observacional e transversal, onde foi obtida uma amostra de 407 jovens líderes de microempresas do estado de Guanajuato, México. Para avaliar as hipóteses, foi desenvolvido um modelo de equações estruturais (SEM). Com relação aos índices de bondade e ajuste do SEM, eles foram absolutamente aceitáveis.

Os resultados obtidos por meio da correlação de Pearson mostram que existe uma relação positiva e significativa entre o planejamento estratégico e os resultados tangíveis e intangíveis das microempresas. Além disso, pelos resultados obtidos por meio do modelo SEM, é estatisticamente demonstrado que o planejamento estratégico influencia positiva e significativamente os resultados tangíveis e intangíveis das microempresas no estado. de Guanajuato, México.

O planejamento estratégico representa uma das ferramentas para alcançar o sucesso das microempresas por meio de resultados tangíveis e intangíveis. No entanto, as microempresas mostram a necessidade de envolver o uso e a aplicação do planejamento estratégico para definir indicadores claros que contribuam para a obtenção de resultados tangíveis e intangíveis satisfatórios. Com base no exposto, acaba sendo motivador para acadêmicos, empresários e legisladores motivar a utilização do planejamento estratégico nas microempresas pelos benefícios que atrai para garantir o sucesso da microempresa sugeridos pelo Instituto do Fracasso, também bem como o Desenvolvimento da Competitividade Empresarial. Da mesma forma, o planejamento estratégico identifica e analisa os fatores relevantes que podem servir de suporte às microempresas, bem como os diferentes modelos de empreendedorismo que se desenvolvem na literatura, oferecendo uma alternativa no foco de seu estudo, que são ajustando-se às novas tendências que estão surgindo nas esferas nacional e internacional, e em particular, no estado de Guanajuato (México) que representa um dos estados importantes pela sua atividade econômica no agronegócio, manufatura (especialmente automotiva) serviços do país.

Os achados são relevantes e de grande valor, uma vez que atualmente não há pesquisas suficientes que enfoquem as variáveisanalisadas, neste sentido, o planejamento estratégico e os resultados tangíveis e intangíveis de jovens líderes empreendedores de microempresas no contexto mexicano . As limitações deste estudo residem na baixa participação e interesse dos jovens empreendedores da microempresa no estado de Guanajuato. México

This study aims to identify the influence exerted by the performance of human resources (HR) through effectiveness and efficiency in the success of business projects in Mexico.

The methodological design was quantitative, explanatory, observational and transversal, where a sample of 502 was used. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed using the statistical software AMOS v25 to test the hypothesis. SPSS v25 was used for data analysis. Regarding the goodness and fit indices of the SEM, χ² = 388.83/df = 143; χ²/df = 2.71; p < 0.001; GFI = 0.92; AGFI = 0.91; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; NFI = 0.94; IFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05; RMR = 0.04; SRMR = 0.03, which turned out to be acceptable.

Through the results obtained through the SEM, it is shown that there is a positive and significant relationship between the performance of HR through their effectiveness (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and efficiency (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) with respect to the success of the business projects. Likewise, the effectiveness of HR has a positive and significant influence on the efficiency (ß₂ = 0.46; p < 0.001) and the success of business projects (ß₃ = 0.89; p < 0.001) in Mexico. In the same way, efficiency positively and significantly influences the success of enterprises (ß₄ = 0.35; p < 0.001) in Mexico.

In this research, only the performance of the HR was assessed through efficiency and effectiveness as one of the variables that intervene in the development of the business project, and that is one of the main factors of analysis to achieve the success of the enterprise. In this sense, the results are limited to the extent that the findings can be generalized to business projects that are developed in different entities such as universities, incubators and other instances that promote the development of business projects and thereby guarantee success. In this sense, it is considered to carry out more research regarding these variables and others that can study the phenomenon and generate new scientific research.

HR performance is considered as one of the main factors that allow the success of business projects. However, some practical limitations are determined by the vision, strategies, as well as the orientation that entities such as universities, and incubators, among other organizations, determine to develop the business project and thus guarantee its success. Other practical implications lie in the leadership that the entrepreneur exercises in his/her work team and collaborators to generate synergy between them considering culture and identity, as well as the commitment to the business project.

The findings are relevant and of great value because they support entrepreneurship models, giving an alternative focus in the study to achieve success, specifically in the state of Guanajuato, which represents one of the main states that have with a greater number of ventures focused on the automotive, food, leather and footwear cluster, among other SMEs that promote business projects and is one of the main states of the Mexican Republic that contributes to the economic development of the region as well as the nation. Likewise, the study is relevant because there is currently not enough research focused on the variables analyzed on the success of business projects in the Mexican context.

The purpose of this paper is to examine literature relating to water management on the Mexico-US border. It suggests avenues that may be valuable in improving cooperation in policy-making between the USA and Mexico on water management issues.

A review of the literature associated with water management on the border of Mexico and the USA is conducted in this paper. The studies are chosen from scholarly databases (pre-eminently EBSCOHost and JSTOR), and are chosen for their depth, authoritativeness of the authors involved, and because of the empirical and quantifiable data they present. The studies selected ranged from the mid-1990s to 2017.

The literature selected for review in this paper demonstrates that shared water resources must be managed in a combination of national and binational ways to lead to sustainability. In the border region, recent initiatives to resolve inequalities have emerged, including steps taken by North American Development Bank to purchase bonds as loans.

Historical approaches to policy have been moderately successful, but policy needs to be updated in line with current circumstances and requirements. There appears to be a misunderstanding of what is currently needed from policy. This paper identifies areas that need updated policy and makes policy recommendations.