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The credibility of journalists and public relations professionals took some bad knocks in 2004. This paper examines the recent history of the debate and some of the efforts being made within the communications industry to rebuild the public confidence that journalism is a vital part of the democratic process. The NUJ has issued new guidelines to its members in public relations at a time when PR professionals are calling for a rethink about the relationship between journalism and PR. The heart of the matter is the issue of trust – which is also high on the post‐Hutton media agenda. Public trust in journalism and in corporate social responsibility is low; “spin” has been disgraced, and media regulation is under reconstruction. How can media professionals forge new relationships with their publics, to promote healthy and open democracy? It is time for dialogue and commitment to work together on redefining the role of all media professionals in an open democracy.

Location‐based services are touted as the ‘killer applications’ of the mobile information revolution. This paper highlights some of the technical characteristics and limitations inherent in current mobile positioning technologies in order to set the current optimism surrounding Location‐Based Services (LBS) in context. A complex technical situation is revealed with different technologies providing results with very different spatial characteristics. Most current terrestrial solutions fail to provide results of sufficiently high spatial resolution for many of the proposed LBS applications, and satellite based solutions suffer from problems of reception and coverage in built up areas. The issue of georeferencing the services themselves is tackled and further work needs to be done on providing accurate spatial locations on the vast array of services that could be available through LBS. A current reluctance to temper these claims could arguably lead to unrealistic raising of the expectations of the buying public. The proven vulnerability of new technology to the fickleness of market opinion highlights that the technology may stand or fall not on its own merits, but on how it matches the expectations of the user.

This paper aims to analytically show that in an over-lapping-generation (OLG) model, low earning cohorts bear unwanted risk and absorb higher economic cost than high earning cohorts do.

This paper aims to consider the individual's risk appetite, using a simple utility function, based on consumptions and discount rates in each period. This paper calibrates the model according to teh Israeli pension system as a representative of a small open developed organization for economic cooperation and development country. Israel is considered as unique case study in the pension landscape, as it implements almost pure defined contribution pension scheme with continuous trend of pension market capitalization (Giorno and Jacques, 2016). Hence, this study finds Israel suitable for examining the theoretical mix of pension scheme. That model enables exploring combined solutions for adequate old age benefits, involving the first and the second pension pillars, under fiscal constraints.

It comes out that for risk-averse individuals, the optimal degree of funding is negatively correlated to asset returns' volatility and positively correlated to earning decile level. The neglect of risk and individual's current earning level will thus overstate the contribution level and funded percentage from total contributions. Moreover, even in an economy with minimum government intervention, and highly developed private pension fund with high average of rate of return, the authors find it is optimal that the pension system contains a sizeable unfunded pillar. This paper innovates by revealing a socio-economic anomaly in design of mix pension systems in favor of high earning cohorts on the expense of economic loss of low earning cohorts.

The model presented in this paper could be implemented in countries with mix pension systems, as an alternative to public social transfers or means tested, alleviating poverty and inequality in old age. Additionally, this model could raise the public awareness of the financial sustainability of the unfunded pay-as-you-go pillar to diversify financial risk in pension systems, especially for low earning cohort in society.

One area of research that is particularly relevant in this context concerns the issue of alleviating poverty and income inequality. It is often stressed that the prevention of old age poverty is among the central targets of well-designed pension system (Holzmann and Hinz, 2005). The conceptualization of minimum pension guarantee used in this composition allows to clearly capturing the notion of such a poverty and social targets as an integral part of the pension system rolls.

This paper innovates by revealing a socio-economic anomaly in design of mix pension systems in favor of high earning cohorts on the expense of economic loss of low earning cohorts. That comes to realize through the level of total contribution rates and funded share that are generally optimal for high earning cohorts but not for low earning cohorts. This paper identifies that the effect of anomaly is most significant in a market characterized with high income-inequality level. This paper finds that imposing intra-generational risk sharing instrument in the form of minimum pension guarantee can re-balance pension design among different earning cohorts. This solution demonstrates balancing effect on the entire economy.

THIS report gives a general solution of the problem of the calculation of the Glauert loading of wings with discontinuities of incidence. The three existing variations of the original theory, the Glauert solution, the Gates' least squares solution, and the Lotz' solution, are not entirely satisfactory and may involve a considerable amount of labour. The present solution divides the Fourier series representing the circulation into two parts: (a) a standard solution representing the discontinuities, which includes the slowly convergent part of the solution, and which is expressible as a precise infinite series dependent only upon the position of discontinuities along the span, and (b) a secondary solution due to plan form, aspect ratio, slope of section lift curve, and so on, which is the quickly convergent part of the solution and usually requires a terminated scries of only from four to six terms. Once the standard solution has been computed, the remaining work is little more than for the standard Glauert solution for a flat wing.

The purpose of this study is to find funding sources for social health insurance in Sudan to cover vulnerable families.

The concept of this paper is to look into the causality relationship between insured and directly paid poor people and their incomes through using the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and using a survey raw data carried out in 2010 in Sudan.

The findings show that insured vulnerable people and income-generating activities have a significant positive relationship. The results, on the other hand, show a marginally negative effect on income for those who have directly paid poor people.

Previous research on the position of zakat has focused primarily on its role in poverty alleviation and has given little consideration to its role in social security. This study is characterized by improving the possibility of changing the mechanism of distributing zakat funds in favor of health financing to maximize the benefit.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the current state of education in the field of social enterprise in Slovakia and its support, share the experience of social entrepreneurship education providers and formulate recommendations for the development of human resources in the context of supporting social enterprise.

This paper is presented as a case study. It is based on the initial experience of education providers in the field of social entrepreneurship in Slovakia, as the concept of integrating social entrepreneurship into education in Slovak conditions is currently in the phase of gradual establishment.

One of the biggest barriers of the development of education is insufficient awareness and overall promotion of social enterprise in Slovakia. The general public lacks awareness on the topic of social enterprise and a general platform on social enterprise, which would provide information on the possibilities of formal and non-formal education, is missing.

The findings of this paper are based on the limited experience of social entrepreneurship education providers, as the systematic concept of integrating social entrepreneurship into education in Slovak conditions is currently in the phase of gradual establishment.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study, which provides an overview of the present situation of education in the field of social enterprise from the perspective of the experience of the addressed organizations, their opinions and perception.

This paper attempts to rejuvenate waqf in the health sector by identifying and elaborating on its issues and challenges. The government budget for this sector is significant; thus, the present paper aims to provide a nongovernment budget to lessen the government's burden

This qualitative study uses structured in-depth interviews with 12 respondents to generate valuable insights and thoughts in order to frame recommendations.

The findings highlight the key themes: human resources, finance, collaboration and coordination, legal issues, basic healthcare insufficiency, data and digitalization, accountability and sustainability and infrastructure. The following are the proposed solutions: capacity building program (CBP), hybrid waqf scheme, big data connectivity, specific legal framework, refocusing and reallocating of resources for the health sector during and after the pandemic

This study focuses on Indonesia and Malaysia as the authors believe that these two countries have a lot of practice in the field. Further studies may focus on other countries, such as Pakistan.

This paper proposes potential ways to embrace government policy consideration, optimize the elaboration among productive waqf with other kinds, improve governance of and coordination among waqf institutions and increase the awareness to improve significant development.

By considering this paper's recommendations, waqf stakeholders in the healthcare system can improve the social benefits for poor and needy patients.

This study presents the latest strategic analysis of waqf, which is important for the government policy in developing waqf.

Examines performance management, a strategy for improving employee performance and productivity. This approach involves three components: performance planning, performance management, and performance appraisal. Describes how several different firms have implemented this approach. Also outlines four elements for successfully implementing a performance management system.

As part of a research and development programme, the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough has been continuously testing components and materials for Concorde. To simulate the calculated extremes of heat, pressure and stress expected in flight from ground level to ten miles high, at twice the speed of sound, A.E.W. Ltd were asked to design and build special test ovens and electronic control gear. Specifying very close limits to tolerance on all aspects of design, the overriding stipulation called for reliability and continuous operation on programmes of 30,000hr (3½ year) duration.