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The purpose of the study is to investigate micro determinants for dynamic wine pricing in Argentina. We test whether attributes and time affect the price rate of change. The rate of change is selected given the inflationary context of the country. The analysis provides valuable information for wine marketing decisions.

The modeling approach relies on panel data analysis for exploiting the data cross-section and time dimension. The contribution explores a massive price dataset at a weekly frequency. The dependent variable is the weekly price variation rate for product/wine and covariates are attributes, time and nominal variables. Given that endogeneity issues arose, the estimations rely on a two-stage least squares and instrumental variables with cluster-robust errors.

Estimations show that attributes, time and cost variables are statistically significant, with clear seasonal patterns and quality segmentation affecting pricing: wines made out of specific grapes such as Chenin, Merlot and Seedling or composing a broad category such as red wine, exhibit price undershooting (price rate of change below average). On the other hand, wines out of grapes such as Bonarda, Margaux, Mistela, Moscatel, Oporto, Tannat and Sauvignon Blanc show price overshooting (rate of change above average). In summary, wine made from determined grapes and specific wineries show divergent pricing.

Covariates such as alcohol content, label descriptor information, winery history, substitute competition and vintage, among others, have not been considered given that the research analyzes more than 750 wine products. Another limitation is that the work does not explore many time-series covariates, such as promotions and idiosyncratic shocks.

The contribution presents new information on wine pricing patterns affected by weeks, months and years, including the effect of the prolonged 2020 Argentine lockdown. It also analyzes estimations on pricing at the level of grape/blend and wineries previously unknown in this market. The information can influence inventory decisions on the side of the sellers and purchase decisions on the side of consumers.

The analysis includes fine but also low-cost wines that form part of the diet of low-income families in the country. The work detects a divergent pattern in pricing divided by the quality/price of the wine. It also presents information on price timing that may help consumers in the best moment to buy.

The contribution analyzes unprecedented information on weekly wine prices and presents evidence of pricing tactics from a point-of-sale perspective: It identifies different adjustment speeds related to product features and time effects.

The purpose of this paper is to determine and analyse that factors that could potentially influence price premiums of Australian wine in the UK market. The authors integrated the economic-based hedonic pricing theory and marketing export pricing literature. The authors demonstrate a potential solution to limitations in knowledge of market-level data and industry wide competition, currently lacking in export pricing studies.

Using data extracted from wine-searcher.com and using multiple regression as the main analytical technique, the authors examined the relationships between actual retail prices UK consumers pay for Australian wine and product attributes. The authors compared the moderating influence of distribution channel (retail choice) on these relationships.

The results provide insights in export pricing literature, and the authors support better theoretical explanations for hedonic pricing studies in export marketing. The authors found two types of wine attributes – “brand” and “region of origin” – that attract price premiums. While relationships between variety and retail price, as well as age and retail price are less clear, the authors provide some support.

One limitation of this hedonic pricing study is the inability to explain why certain relationships between product attributes and price premiums exist. Studies such as these could be improved by utilising both consumer- and firm-level data.

Whilst final prices paid by consumers are beyond the control of producers, understanding the relationships between retail prices, retail choices and product attributes are of strategic importance. Understanding the role consumer preferences play in determining prices they ultimately pay is of great value when determining export/retail pricing strategies.

Consumers and firm managers are jointly able to provide comprehensive explanations on why certain attributes attract price premiums. The integration of economic and consumer-based theories provides a holistic understanding of the influence of retail choices and product attributes on retail prices.

The authors drew on the hedonic pricing theory linking product attributes with retail prices, which is vital for understanding market share and brand image. The authors identified which product attributes and which distribution channels (retail choices) are valuable to consumers. Deeper understanding of these issues is important for producers.

This paper aims to model the price of cellar tours using a hedonic pricing approach. The authors analyze the complex relationship between the price of an add-on (here, cellar tours) and the price of the reference product (here, wine).

Thanks to a large database containing information on about 1,000 winery experiences, the authors regress the price of cellar tours on wine prices and on a broad set of objective characteristics that are (1) tour specific and (2) common to all tours offered by the winery. These exogenous controls include the type and style of experience offered, amenities and winemaking characteristics.

The authors show that the price of cellar tours follows the price of the most expensive wine sold by the winery, which is a proxy for reputation. The authors find that one of the main determinants of cellar tour prices is visit length: wineries charge more for longer experiences. The number of wines tasted during the visit also increases the price. Prices are higher in places where there is a high level of wine tourism activity, which might be a sign of authenticity.

Wine producers in different countries need to gain insights on how to price cellar tours, which are composite goods. The results can help practitioners price their winery experience according to common practices in different wine regions. The results may also be of interest to professionals in the tourism sector who are in charge of the pricing of by-products (e.g. tee-shirts, books, etc.), or for luxury fashion labels extending their brand in the catering industry with cafes and restaurants.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first empirical analysis that examines the complex relationship between the price of an add-on and the price of the reference product in the context of wine tourism.

In India, Nashik District of Maharashtra State is a major Indian wine-producing region. This study aims to critically explore multiple aspects of an area and bring to the forefront of various sociological or educational variables (Kerlinger, 1973). The variables can help in the generation of the conjectures and premises.

Methodologically, to explore the wine sector in the Nashik District of India total 304 number of wine products and its pricing along with a total 26 number of wineries attributes has evaluated by collecting details of different product attributes of wine products and retail pricing. These were regressed with backward integration to arrive at the characteristics that govern wine prices. Concerning their motivation for wine tourism, a survey of 197 visitors conducted. Seven winery owners/ officials were interviewed that includes the Coordinator of the Wineries association. The interview schedule included open-ended questions. Thus, providing more in-depth insight into the wine sector in the Nashik District of India.

An investigation of the wine industry in the Nashik district of India suggests the potential for combined effects between wineries, local communities and the economy by discovering the sociological or educational variables associated with the considered geographic region.

The research is the field study aimed at discovering the relations or interactions among sociological or educational variables. There can be variables beyond the considered variables affecting the wine product mix and pricing, wine tourism motivation factors and the factors responsible for the economic development of the region.

The empirical research throws light on an unexplored wine-producing region and its potential impact on livelihood. The exploratory study discovers the interactions among educational variables, as asserted by Kerlinger (1973). It can also help in the generation of premises about the wine sector from the area.

In recent decades, New World winemakers have increased their wine export to European markets and became considerable market players in the EU. Therefore, this paper aims to explore whether the major New World wine producers are able to exploit its market power at European destination markets.

The paper applies the pricing-to-market (PTM) model of trade in respect of asymmetric effect of exchange rate changes by using monthly bilateral wine data between January 2000 and December 2016.

First, there is evidence of PTM in three New World wine exporters, namely, Chile, South Africa and the USA. Chile was able to apply price discrimination across Danish, German, Dutch and the British wine markets. Second, South Africa set their prices in Belgian, Dutch and Swedish markets, while the USA discriminated their wine prices in Denmark and Sweden. In contrast, this advantage was not observable in the case of Argentina and Australia. Third, the local-currency price stability was explored in Chilean wine import prices (exported to Belgium, the Czech Republic), South African wine prices (exported to France, Denmark, Germany), in US wine prices (sold in Germany and the UK). Furthermore, the analysis of the asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes suggests that depreciation of the exporter’s currency relative to the Euro had not a significant impact on EU wine import prices. On the whole, the estimated pricing to market model indicates that a non-competitive pricing behaviour of New World exporters was limited and was rather due to the market-specific characteristics.

The research provides multiple advice for New World wine producers. First, in general, European consumers do not pay an extra price for the New World bottled wines. Second, only Chilean, South African and North American wine exporters can expect higher prices for its wines from European buyers only. Moreover, European wine markets are fairly competitive where New World wine exporters do not have significant market dominance. Therefore, New World wine exporters should strengthen its wine marketing and branding strategy to gain higher market share in Europe and to attract attention to its wines. Finally, exchange rates relative to Euro should be continuously monitored by the New World wine exporters because it might deviate the wine export prices significantly.

The study applies the pricing-to-market model to major New World wine exporters on the European Union’s destination market. The paper also makes valuable contributions to the wine literature by testing the asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on wine import prices. It analyses the nature of price discrimination, whether it is market-specific or exchange rate influenced, or both.

In increasingly competitive markets, opportunities exist to meaningfully differentiate product offerings by cue signalling the claims of emergent categories. Therefore, and within the context of wine sales, the purpose of this study models the supply-led price importance of nascent, extrinsic old vine (OV) cues for South African wines to establish whether to what extent and how producers prioritise such nascent cues relative to more established extrinsic cues of worth.

A data set was compiled of 159 South African wines with OV category cues signalled on front labels, back labels or via marketing material. The play of contending cue variables was computed through an ordinary least square hedonic pricing model.

In addition to the contribution of established cues such as aggregated critic ratings, grape varieties and area of origin, this study confirms that vineyard age contributes significantly to wine price, particularly when signalled on back labels.

In price setting and positional models, such as brand extensions, the findings prove useful in understanding the inherent value of nascent cues and specifically vineyard age, relative to competing established wine cues of worth.

This study extends the wine pricing theory by validating the viability of nascent OV cues in the modelling of a wine’s value.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the range of explanations for why wine club members defect and move on.

This quantitative research study uses data from US wine consumers, gathered through an online survey of 399 former wine club members who had quit their membership in the recent past. Consistent with literature on customer churn rates in subscription markets, data are analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, hierarchical multiple regression and analysis of variance.

The results reported by respondents indicate that higher levels of perceived product quality, fair value in pricing, variety seeking and commitment to customer service at the beginning and at the end of a wine club membership lead to higher levels of customer satisfaction and a desire to recommend the club to others even after quitting. Though variety seeking is more commonplace among experienced wine drinkers, the good news for wineries is that consumers are more likely to recommend a wine club to others if at least a year has passed after they decided to quit.

The results provide implications for wine club managers seeking to improve wine club retention with suggested means for mitigating the rate of customer attrition.

This paper presents original research addressing a variety of reasons why wine club members quit. The extant research has found that factors such as product quality, fair pricing, service commitments and variety-seeking behavior affect members’ satisfaction with their wine club, as well as their desire to recommend it to others. The authors have attempted to combine all these factors into a single study to gain insight into wine club members’ switching behavior, and to find out what the wineries can do to improve customer loyalty.

Proceeding from the van Rensburg and Priilaid (“An econometric model for identifying value in South African red wine”, International Journal of Wine Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 1, 2004, pp. 37‐53) econometric valuation methodology mapping out the relationship between wine price and value, this paper seeks to explore the relationship between wine value and value‐for‐money.

A series of regression models are developed from a database of some 537 South African red wines available during the 2004 period. Five cultivars are included here: cabernet, merlot pinotage, pinot noir, and shiraz.

This research finds that successive increments in wine quality ratings are not equally priced. As a result, the relationship between value and price can be better modelled when increments in wine quality (as measured in stars) are proxied by dummy variables.

Allowing for the possibility of the non‐linear hedonic pricing of wine avoids the bias of value‐for‐money misleadingly being identified excessively at the bottom end of the quality spectrum and neglected at the top end.

In recent years there has been a marked increase in the consumption of bottled wine in the United States. Associated with this phenomenon, there has been a substantial rise in the number of vineyards from foreign countries entering this competitive market. The study examines the factors that influence wine prices. Specifically, the article proposes that the country of origin, the perceived quality and the varietal of the wine have an effect on wine price in favour of countries with greater wine traditions. These premises were tested by means of a multiple regression model estimated using a sample drawn from the North American market. The study concluded that this market recognises differences in country of origin, quality and varietal. Specifically, these factors significantly influence wine prices, with price premiums being awarded to wines of varietal Pinot and to wines produced in France.

The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast wine sales in neighboring franchise law and non‐franchise law states in order to determine impact on wine price, consumer choice, consumer satisfaction, and stakeholder perception.

The study used qualitative interviews with 14 wineries, distributors, and retailers, statistical analysis of Nielsen Scantrack data, and an online survey of 401 wine consumers in Georgia and Florida, USA.

Results show statistical proof that Florida offers more wine selection and lower wine prices on matching brands than Georgia. Qualitative interviews indicate wineries, distributors, and retailers perceive differences in wine choice, price, and overall operating costs in these two states. However, there was no statistical difference between a sample of 401 consumers from Georgia and Florida when asked about their satisfaction level with wine choice and pricing within their state.

For practical purposes, the research was limited to only two US states. It would be useful to duplicate this study in other states.

Practical implications include the need for new wineries desiring to enter franchise law states to carefully research regulations and distributors before making a commitment, as well as the social issue of less wine choice and higher prices for consumers in Georgia versus Florida.

This is the first empirical study in the USA to focus on the impact of wine franchise laws on consumer choice and wine price. It yields useful information that contributes to the body of knowledge for wine and policy research.