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The purpose of this study is to analyse Benidorm, San Sebastián, Gijón, Málaga, Tenerife Island and Santander smart tourist destinations (STDs) as a touristic model and example to follow by other destinations in Spain and all over the world.

To fulfil the stated objective, this study follows several phases that introduce and classify a set of measures implemented by the six Spanish smart destinations to be designed as a STD.

Findings suggest that being a STD requires a high cost, and this is only accessible to big destinations with enough resources. Of the 50 Spanish provinces, eight are STDs, and these are localised in coastal areas. Obviously, this challenge is not within the reach of any Spanish city. Moreover, findings of the current study prove that the six Spanish smart destinations have a good air accessibility through their six airports, but the accessibility in a STD is not just physical; this must provide digital accessibility to tourists through destination marketing organisation’s website and app that will supply them with information on a wide range of services, including accommodations, tourist attractions, restaurants, public transport, museums and monuments’ locations, amongst many others.

From a resident point of view, a STD cannot be only focused on a technological and tourism context; a STD also requires knowing and meeting the needs of local residents and having a voice in decision-making processes. Hence, this study shows a new perspective on STDs that will benefit the literature on STDs.

This study aims to investigate tourists’ impressions of the smart destinations model from the socio-technical systems and the technology–organization–environment (TOE) perspectives. Specifically, it aims to explore how information source credibility and cloud infrastructure influence tourists’ use of intelligent technology.

This measurement development is based on prior literature; after being evaluated for face and content validity, the authors used random sampling to collect data and conducted a field survey of tourists through Taoyuan Airport and using the airport MRT between December 2022 and March 2023. After confirming that tourists knew the destination information and had experience using travel-related mobile applications to plan their itinerary, the authors further invited tourists to participate in the survey, and 512 valid questionnaires were analyzed by the structural equation modeling approach.

The finding pointed out that source credibility and intelligent technology were innovative technologies that benefitted tourists, as were mobile travel planning apps, which created a relational context based on interests and activities from the socio-technical and TOE perspectives.

Technological innovation is closely related to the development of smart cities; tourists who used travel itineraries successfully understood travel-related actions and significantly had more positive affective images of the city.

Building on new trends in tourism and smart city governance, this study aims to examine the degree of interrelation between stakeholder networks involved in tourism governance and smart city development. A model describing the transition towards smart tourism city governance is proposed.

The proposed model is tested through a multiple case study of seven European cities. This choice of sample makes the study highly representative. Data collection is based on an exhaustive search and analysis of available data on smart city initiatives, destination management organisations and tourism plans. Social network analysis using Gephi software is used to build stakeholder networks.

Analysis of the stakeholder networks that shape tourism governance and smart initiatives in several cities reveals a disconnection between the two types of networks. The results show limited progress towards the expected synergies of true smart tourism city governance.

Theoretically, the study contributes to the debate on new forms of governance for the complex evolution of urban tourism. In practice, the relationship between tourism governance and smart city initiatives needs to be redefined to achieve synergies that increase the inclusiveness and efficiency of urban tourism policies.

This study examines the under-researched topic of the interrelation between tourism governance and smart city initiatives. By comparing the networks of actors resulting from these two processes, it assesses the extent to which this interrelation helps the emergence of new governance models (smart tourism city governance).

This study examines the influencing factors of smart technology use behaviour (STUB), influencing tourist satisfaction and enhancing revisit intention for the Chinese tourism destination. Further, the moderating role of place attachment on the relationship between STUB, tourist satisfaction and revisit intention has been examined.

The study employs quantitative methodology by incorporating the planned behaviour theory to develop the hypotheses. Using an online survey link, 409 responses were collected from the tourists employing a non-probability convenience random sampling technique.

The partial least squire-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) results show that social influence significantly affects STUB, tourist satisfaction and revisit intention. Also, the anticipated positive behaviour has positive and significantly affects STUB and revisit intention. Finally, the findings show that tourist satisfaction significantly affects revisit intention in the tourist destinations in China.

A quantitative research design was applied, employing a random sampling technique, and surveys were conducted with tourists only in current research. However, future research can incorporate a wide range of methodology by collecting data from other tourism stakeholders to have an in-depth evaluation of repeat visitation behaviour. Future research can enhance the current conceptual framework by including other relevant variables like negative anticipated emotions at other locations, as the current study was conducted in the Chinese context.

This research adds value to the tourism destination to formulate tourist satisfaction and revisit intention. Implications are provided for a more nuanced understanding and effective planning in tourism destinations while considering smart technology use.

This research aims to model the existing system of destination competitiveness, identifies leverage points and develop revised model to achieve sustainable competitiveness.

System dynamics is used as method of modeling destination competitiveness. Structure of model utilizes 9-factor model as reference. Leverage points are identified using system archetypes. Revised model is built with resource-based view (RBV). Case study was conducted in Samosir, Toba Lake. Data used are secondary data and results of in-depth interviews.

There are 3 sub-systemic characteristics (archetypes) that hinder competitiveness. They are limit to growth quality gap, fix that fails infrastructure and promotion, tragedy of common lake pollution. Destination was unable to meet tourist expectations. Tourists spending decreased, demand size was small. Industries are unable to increase capabilities. Professionals, entrepreneurs, local workers, supporting industries are less interested in entering industry. Government policies do not match with destination's needs. Lake as main attraction is getting polluted. To achieve sustainable competitiveness, destination must utilize their valuable, rare and inimitable (VRI) resources and capabilities to design unique experiences for tourists, hence sustainable.

Government policy should be shifted to prioritizing development of valuable, rare, inimitable and well-organized resources and capabilities of destination, to produce unique tourist experience and achieve sustainable competitiveness.

Methods and findings, combining system dynamics, system archetype, 9-factor model and RBV to achieve sustainable competitiveness is novel and can enrich tourism sustainable competitiveness theory/concept.

This research addresses the pressing need for comprehensive studies in the rapidly evolving field of city tourism. This study aims to understand the overall performance of the International Journal of Tourism Cities (IJTC), the structure of knowledge in city tourism research and the prevalent themes and trends arising from IJTC.

A bibliometric analysis was conducted to scrutinize the publication patterns in IJTC. This involved examining parameters such as the annual count of published articles, the keywords used in them and their respective authors.

The findings reveal that IJTC has a growing and diverse publication output, establishing itself as a reputable and influential publication within urban tourism research. The results reflect various aspects and themes in city tourism research.

The study has certain limitations. The data used for analysis was obtained exclusively from the Scopus database. The analysis was conducted using only one software package, Bibliometrix. Other software packages may offer different features for bibliometric analysis. The study relied exclusively on quantitative methods for data analysis. Qualitative methods could have provided more nuanced interpretations of the data.

Comparative analyses could be conducted between IJTC and other journals within urban tourism or related disciplines. Such research would yield valuable insights into the current state of the field and aid in identifying areas warranting further investigation.

The findings from this study can inform the decisions and actions of various stakeholders involved in urban tourism. Practitioners and policymakers can draw from this research to make informed decisions. Existing and emerging authors can identify relevant topics for their research. Readers can access pertinent information for their needs.

This study offers a unique contribution by thoroughly comprehending the performance of IJTC between 2015 and 2023. It progresses the existing body of knowledge on city tourism research by examining its current status and future trends.

The positioning of a tourism destination can easily change due to external uncontrolled factors, such as a pandemic. In this scene, the purpose of this study can be summerized in two main points: to investigate the main topics associated with a religious tourism destination (Vatican City) before and from the pandemic crisis, and to identify potential topics that could be highlighted to reposition this tourism destination more favorably.

The information was extracted from Trip Advisor, specifically from the web Vatican City (7,152 reviews). This information was analyzed using text mining software applied to English text data.

The results show that the image of Vatican City has evolved, from a larger cultural, artistic and historical destination to a destination with a strong religious orientation, probably due to the growing influence of tourists and pilgrims in search of spiritual consolation in a global health crisis. New comments have emerged in the pandemic on topics such as Pope, Catholicism and love.

The authors recommend repositioning this tourism destination under what they have dubbed the umbrella of the three “Rs”: religion, renaissance and relaxation. Also, two outstanding attractions are frequently mentioned by tourists in this more spiritual scenario: Saint Peter’s Basilica and Sistine Chapel.

Studies about religious tourism are scarce, and those considering an urban city as a key religious tourism destination even more.

This study examines the role of technology as a driver of sustainable tourism perceptions among Generation Z.

The work considers the perspective of locals in Pakistan and uses a multi-method, multiphase embedded research design approach.

The research findings demonstrated that technology has a positive correlation with the environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimensions of sustainable tourism perception among Generation Z. Therefore, technology could be considered a dimension of sustainable tourism perception for locals, but perceptions differ significantly depending on the size of the city of the participant. The results of the experimental design phase that utilized picture stimuli demonstrated a linear relationship between technology and sustainability and enhanced their definition and implementation for developing countries.

This research diverges from most past research on these topics by focusing on Generation Z, for whom digital media and technology play a crucial role and for whom these technologies are positively correlated with sustainability and its overall perception. Implications for policies and practices for emerging country governments are provided.

This study aims to appraise the historical evolution of tourism research focused on Spain. Firstly, an analysis was conducted to assess the production and impact of research within this domain. Secondly, scientific mapping, specifically through co-word analysis, was used to identify and explore the principal research themes and their evolution in the field.

A historical approach was adopted in this study, using 1,100 bibliographic records obtained from the Scopus database. Science mapping was then conducted through co-word analysis of bibliographic data.

The results of the performance analysis provide insights into the volume, evolution and impact of the scientific documents published within the research area under investigation. Moreover, by adopting a longitudinal approach, science mapping through co-word analysis enables the definition of the intellectual structure within this research domain. In this regard, the main research themes are identified, conceptually assessed, and their evolution is examined across three distinct window periods: an initial research period (1972–2002), a growing research period (2003–2012) and a consolidation period (2013–2022).

The study provides a state-of-the-art position on tourism research related to Spain thus guiding future studies in the area. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive “snapshot” of the historical progression of tourism research in Spain, capturing the emblematic aspects that have emerged within the area over the investigated time period.

This study aims to review the diversified existing literature on digital tourism from 2002 to 2023 using bibliometric analysis to present a holistic review of the current scientific structure of digital tourism and sets the future research agenda.

A detailed search of 646 SSCI articles collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database was analysed through CiteSpace.

The findings indicate that developed countries are at the core of the co-authorship network, although developing countries represented by China increasingly contribute valued research findings. The conceptual structure of digital tourism mainly evolves from exploration (2002–2006), and acceleration (2007–2014), to diversification (2015-2023), with the most recent focus on consumer-oriented value creation and potential technological risks. Three well-established thematic groups have been identified, namely, technological innovation and application, destination digital management and consumer value creation. Constructive insights for future research are also offered, including digital scenarios, digital production and digital governance.

The research helps scholars and practitioners grasp the current issues and needs of digital tourism and provides a guide for policymakers in the tourism industry who seek to intelligently improve tourism performance.

This study thoroughly evaluates 22 years of digital tourism literature through bibliometric analysis. It creates a framework for understanding how digital tourism is theorised and developed and indicates future research directions.

本篇论文旨在使用文献计量法梳理2002–2023年间的数字旅游研究, 提出整体知识架构和未来研究议程。

本篇论文运用CiteSpace对从Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC)数据库中检索得到的646篇SSCI文献进行分析。

（1）发达国家处于作者合作网络的核心位置, 而以中国为代表的发展中国家持续产出有影响力的研究成果; （2）数字旅游的概念结构演化经历三个阶段：探索期（2002–2006年）、加速期（2007–2014年）以及多样化（2015–2023年）, 其中新兴研究热点为顾客导向的价值创造和潜在技术风险; （3）数字旅游研究主题分为三个类型, 即技术创新和应用、目的地数字化管理和顾客价值创造; （4）未来研究方向包括数字情境、数字生产和数字监管。

本篇论文有助于学界和业界人士掌握数字旅游产业的现状和需要, 并为政策制定者提供数智化提升旅游业绩效的参考。

本篇论文通过文献计量法系统回顾了22年间的数字旅游文献, 并进一步提出包含数字旅游演化和未来研究前沿的理论框架。

Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar la diversa literatura existente sobre turismo digital desde 2002 hasta 2023 utilizando un método de análisis bibliométrico para revisar de manera integral la estructura científica actual del turismo digital y desarrollar una agenda de investigación futura.

A partir de una búsqueda detallada de 646 artículos del SSCI recogidos en la colección principal de Web of Science (WOSCC), se analizó la base de datos mediante CiteSpace.

Los resultados muestran que los países desarrollados constituyen el núcleo de la red de coautoría, mientras que los países en desarrollo representados por China también contribuyen cada vez más con valiosos resultados de investigación. La estructura conceptual del turismo digital evoluciona principalmente desde la exploración (2002–2006), y la aceleración (2007–2014), hasta la diversificación (2015–2023), centrándose más recientemente en la creación de valor orientada al consumidor y en los posibles riesgos tecnológicos. Se han identificado tres grupos temáticos bien establecidos, a saber, innovación y aplicación tecnológicas, gestión digital de destinos y creación de valor para el consumidor. También se ofrecen ideas constructivas para futuras investigaciones, como los escenarios digitales, la producción y la gobernanza digitales.

La investigación ayuda a estudiosos y profesionales a comprender los problemas y necesidades actuales del turismo digital y proporciona una guía para los responsables políticos del sector turístico que pretenden mejorar de forma inteligente los resultados del turismo.

Este estudio evalúa exhaustivamente 22 años de literatura sobre turismo digital mediante un análisis bibliométrico. Crea un marco para comprender cómo se teoriza y desarrolla el turismo digital e indica futuras direcciones de investigación.