Search results

1 – 10 of 28
Article
Publication date: 20 February 2023

Jorge Andrés Muñoz Mendoza, Carmen Lissette Veloso Ramos, Sandra María Sepúlveda Yelpo, Carlos Leandro Delgado Fuentealba and Edinson Edgardo Cornejo-Saavedra

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effects of accruals-based earnings management (AEM) and institutional and financial development on corporate risk of Latin-American…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effects of accruals-based earnings management (AEM) and institutional and financial development on corporate risk of Latin-American firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The GMM estimator was used according to Arellano and Bond (1991) for panel data on a sample of 914 non-financial companies between 2005 and 2017.

Findings

AEM practices significantly increase corporate risk. This result indicates that the risk increase is associated to weakening of the corporate governance of companies. Positive discretionary accruals also have the same impact on corporate risk. In addition, accrual-based earnings management has a non-linear impact on corporate risk. Higher institutional and financial development systemically reduces the risk of Latin American firms. Institutional development can mitigate the effects of earnings management on corporate risk.

Originality/value

These results support that AEM represents a practice that managers use to weaken firms' corporate governance and expropriate wealth from shareholders. These practices promote higher firm's risk. However, the institutional and financial development reduces the corporate risk and contributes to mitigate the impact of AEM on it. These results have relevant implications for firms' corporate governance because they warn the relevance to control AEM practices and its impact over corporate risk perception by investors. These results also are relevant to policymakers because they orient the financial policies design to strengthen the institutional and financial development as a systematic way to reduce the firm's risk.

Objetivo

El propósito de este artículo es analizar los efectos de la gestión de ganancias basada en devengos (AEM) y el desarrollo institucional y financiero sobre el riesgo corporativo de las empresas latinoamericanas.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se utilizó el estimador GMM de Arellano y Bond (1991) sobre una muestra de 914 empresas no financieras entre 2005 y 2017.

Hallazgos

Las prácticas de AEM aumentan significativamente el riesgo corporativo. Este resultado indica que el aumento del riesgo está asociado al debilitamiento del gobierno corporativo de las empresas. Los devengos discrecionales positivos también tienen el mismo impacto en el riesgo corporativo. Además, la gestión de ganancias basada en el devengo tiene un impacto no lineal sobre el riesgo. Un mayor desarrollo institucional y financiero reduce sistémicamente el riesgo de las empresas. El desarrollo institucional puede mitigar los efectos de la gestión de ganancias sobre el riesgo corporativo.

Originalidad/valor

Estos resultados revelan que AEM es una práctica que debilita los gobiernos corporativos y permite expropiar riqueza de los accionistas. Estas prácticas promueven un mayor riesgo corporativo, aunque el desarrollo institucional y financiero lo reduce. Estos resultados tienen implicancias relevantes para el gobierno corporativo de las empresas porque indican la relevancia de controlar estas prácticas en la percepción de riesgo de los inversionistas. Estos resultados también son relevantes para los reguladores porque orientan el diseño de políticas financieras hacia el fortalecimiento del desarrollo institucional y financiero como una vía sistemática que reduce el riesgo de las empresas.

Article
Publication date: 5 March 2024

Cristian Pinto-Gutiérrez

This study aims to investigate the relationship between business group affiliation and CO2 emissions in Chile, providing insights into the pollution externalities associated with…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between business group affiliation and CO2 emissions in Chile, providing insights into the pollution externalities associated with business group structures and their implications for environmental performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A hand-matched sample of industrial facilities and subsidiaries of listed firms in Chile was utilized to analyze the CO2 emissions of business group-affiliated firms compared to stand-alone firms. Fixed-effect regression analysis and propensity score matching were employed to examine the differences in emissions levels.

Findings

The results suggest that firms affiliated with business groups have higher CO2 emissions in comparison to similar stand-alone firms. This suggests that business group structures may weaken the pressures for emission reduction and maintenance of public legitimacy among affiliated firms.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study are subject to certain limitations, such as the use of a specific dataset from Chile and the inability to explore certain factors due to data constraints. For instance, we were unable to examine the separation between control and cash-flow rights as well as the influence of manager characteristics on pollution levels. Future research should address these limitations and expand the analysis to other emerging market countries to further investigate the impact of lax or ineffective environmental regulations on pollution outcomes.

Practical implications

The research findings have practical implications for investors and policymakers. Investors interested in environmentally sustainable investments should consider the higher pollution levels associated with business group-affiliated firms. Policymakers can use these findings to design more effective regulations and incentives to encourage emission reduction efforts within business group structures.

Social implications

The study’s results emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding of the environmental implications of business group affiliation. By recognizing the potential for higher emissions in business group structures, stakeholders can advocate for sustainable practices, encourage transparency and promote responsible environmental management within corporate entities.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on corporate governance, climate risks and pollution externalities by providing an empirical evidence on the relationship between business group affiliation and CO2 emissions. It highlights the importance of considering the influence of corporate structures on environmental performance, particularly in the context of emerging market economies.

Objetivo

Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre la afiliación a grupos empresariales y las emisiones de CO2 en Chile, proporcionando información sobre las externalidades de contaminación asociadas con las estructuras de grupos empresariales y sus implicaciones para el desempeño ambiental de las empresas.

Diseño/Metodología/Aproximación

Se utilizó una muestra recolectada de manera manual de instalaciones industriales y subsidiarias de empresas listadas en Chile para analizar las emisiones de CO2 de empresas afiliadas a grupos empresariales en comparación con empresas independientes. Se emplearon análisis de regresión de efectos fijos y modelos de emparejamiento por puntaje de propensión para examinar las diferencias en los niveles de emisiones.

Hallazgos

Los resultados sugieren que las empresas afiliadas a grupos empresariales tienen mayores emisiones de CO2 en comparación con empresas independientes similares. Esto sugiere que las estructuras de grupos empresariales pueden debilitar las presiones para la reducción de emisiones y el mantenimiento de la legitimidad pública entre las empresas afiliadas.

Originalidad

Este estudio contribuye a la literatura sobre gobierno corporativo, riesgos climáticos y externalidades de contaminación al proporcionar evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre la afiliación a grupos empresariales y las emisiones de CO2. Destaca la importancia de considerar la influencia de las estructuras corporativas en el rendimiento ambiental, especialmente en el contexto de las economías de mercados emergentes.

Limitaciones/Implicaciones de la Investigación

Los hallazgos de este estudio están sujetos a ciertas limitaciones, como el uso de un conjunto de datos específico de Chile y la incapacidad para explorar ciertos factores debido a restricciones de datos. Por ejemplo, no pudimos examinar la influencia de las características de los ejecutivos de las empresas en los niveles de contaminación. Investigaciones futuras deberían abordar estas limitaciones y ampliar el análisis a otros países de mercados emergentes para investigar más a fondo el impacto de regulaciones ambientales laxas o ineficaces en los resultados de contaminación.

Implicaciones Prácticas

Los hallazgos de la investigación tienen implicaciones prácticas para inversores y responsables políticos. Los inversores interesados en inversiones ambientalmente sostenibles deben tener en cuenta los niveles más altos de contaminación asociados con empresas afiliadas a grupos empresariales. Los responsables políticos pueden utilizar estos hallazgos para diseñar regulaciones más efectivas e incentivos para fomentar los esfuerzos de reducción de emisiones dentro de las estructuras de grupos empresariales.

Implicaciones Sociales

Los resultados del estudio enfatizan la necesidad de comprender de manera integral las implicaciones ambientales de la afiliación a grupos empresariales. Al reconocer el potencial de mayores emisiones en las estructuras de grupos empresariales, los interesados pueden abogar por prácticas sostenibles, fomentar la transparencia y promover una gestión ambiental responsable dentro de las entidades corporativas.

Article
Publication date: 28 December 2022

Aby Grisly Huaman-Ñope, Arthur Giuseppe Serrato-Cherres, Maria Jeanett Ramos-Cavero and Franklin Cordova-Buiza

The study aimed to determine how reputational risk affects the stocks prices of companies listed on the Lima Stock Exchange.

Abstract

Purpose

The study aimed to determine how reputational risk affects the stocks prices of companies listed on the Lima Stock Exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

The study follows a documentary research with a quantitative approach. Companies from different sectors listed on the Lima Stock Exchange were taken as a sample.

Findings

The incidence between the reputational risk and the stock price of the companies listed on the stock market, as well as the impact on profitability indicators and income level were demonstrated. Additionally, it was determined that the cost of capital has a greater impact if the entity is financed from the issuance of bonds rather than by subsidiaries.

Originality/value

Companies that presented well-known events in Peru and those that caused damage to their corporate reputations were studied. Likewise, information from sources such as Monitor Empresarial de Reputación Corporativa, Peruvian Securities Market Regulator’s office and Lima Stock Exchange was documented in order to analyze the variations in financial indicators during the indicated events. Financial models such as CAPM and GORDON-SHAPIRO were also used.

Details

Managerial Finance, vol. 49 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 April 2018

Patrick M. Wright and Anthony J. Nyberg

This paper aims to explore some of the practical challenges boards face in setting chief executive officer (CEO) pay to show why the failure to see considerable overlap between…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore some of the practical challenges boards face in setting chief executive officer (CEO) pay to show why the failure to see considerable overlap between pay and performance may not be due to poor governance.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper critically explores the different types of pay reported in public sources (actual vs realized) and the types of performance measures used in CEO pay research. This paper then conceptually reviews the broader governance responsibility of boards, particularly the hiring and firing of CEOs and the impact these decisions have on CEO pay.

Findings

The authors suggest that much of the lack of overlap between pay and performance may be because of misaligned timing of the pay and performance measures, differences between internally promoted and externally hired CEOs and severance packages of fired CEOs. They conclude that the lack of overlap may not signal failure on the part of boards, but rather may reflect the risk and uncertainty those boards face in hiring and firing of CEOs.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis shows how using publicly available sources of pay and performance data ignores the practical challenges that boards face in setting pay, and suggests greater care be given to future research purporting to show that boards are failing in their governance responsibilities.

Practical implications

CEO pay may not be as misaligned with performance as many researchers conclude, but may be due to the risks and uncertainty inherent in governance.

Social implications

The distributive justice critique of CEO pay may not be valid.

Originality/value

As opposed to simply mining public databases, this paper more accurately describes some of the variables that impact how boards set CEO pay.

Objetivo – Este artículo explora alguno de los retos prácticos a los que se enfrentan los consejos de administración a la hora de fijar la retribución del CEO para mostrar que la falta de solapamiento entre retribución y resultados puede no deberse a un mal gobierno corporativo.

Diseño/metodología/aproximación – El artículo explora de forma crítica los diferentes tipos de retribución disponibles en fuentes públicas (actual vs realizado) y el tipo de medidas de resultados empleados en la investigación en retribución de CEOs. A continuación el artículo revisa conceptualmente las funciones del consejo de administración, en particular la de contratar y despedir al CEO y el impacto que estas decisiones tienen en la retribución del CEO.

Resultados – Proponemos que mucha de la falta de solapamiento entre retribución y resultados puede deberse a una falta de sincronía temporal entre las medidas de retribución y resultados, a diferencias los CEOs promocionados desde dentro y los contratados fuera, y los paquetes de indemnización de los CEOs despedidos. Concluimos que la falta de solapamiento puede no estar indicando fallos en la acción del consejo de administración, sino el riesgo y la incertidumbre al que se enfrentan estos consejos a la hora de contratar y despedir CEOs.

Limitaciones/implicaciones – Nuestro análisis muestra como usar fuentes públicas sobre retribución y resultados lleva a ignorar los retos prácticos a los que se enfrentan los consejos a la hora de definir la retribución, y sugiere que la investigación futura debe ser más cuidadosa cuando afirme que los consejos de administración no están realizando sus funciones correctamente.

Implicaciones prácticas – La retribución del CEO puede no estar tan mal alineada con los resultados tal y como muchos investigadores concluyen, sino que esto es un reflejo de los riesgos e incertidumbres inherentes al gobierno corporativo.

Implicaciones sociales – La crítica a la justicia distributiva de la retribución del CEO puede no ser válida.

Originalidad/valor – En oposición a simplemente explotar bases de datos públicas, este artículo describe con mayor precisión algunas de las variables que influyen en como los consejos definen la retribución del CEO.

Objetivo – Esse artigo explora alguns dos desafios práticos enfrentados pelos conselhos administrativos ao estabelecer a remuneração do CEO, a fim de mostrar porque a incapacidade de ver a correlação entre o pagamento e a performance pode não ser atribuída à má governança.

Design/método/abordagem – O artigo explora de forma crítica os diferentes tipos de remuneração relatados em fontes públicas (real vs já realizado), e os diferentes tipos de medidas de performance utilizadas em estudos sobre remuneração de CEO. O artigo também revisa conceitualmente as funções do conselho administrativo, especificamente a de contratar e demitir CEOs, e o impacto que essas decisões têm na remuneração do CEO.

Resultados – Nós sugerimos que grande parte da falta de correlação entre pagamento e performance ocorre devido ao desalinhamento entre as medidas de performance e o momento do pagamento, às diferenças entre CEOs promovidos internamente e contratados externamente, e a pacotes de indenização de demissão de CEOs. Nós concluímos que a falta de correlação pode não significar uma falha por parte do conselho administrativo, e sim um reflexo do risco e da incerteza que esses conselhos enfrentam ao contratar e demitir CEOs.

Limitações/implicações – Nossa análise mostra como o uso de base de dados de pagamento e de desempenho publicamente disponíveis ignora os desafios práticos que os conselhos administrativos enfrentam ao estabelecer a remuneração do CEO, e sugere que pesquisas futuras devem ser mais cuidadosas ao afirmarem que os conselhos administrativos estão falhando em suas responsabilidades de governança.

Implicações práticas – A remuneração do CEO pode não estar tão desalinhada com os resultados como concluem muitos pesquisadores, pois pode ser um reflexo dos riscos e incertezas inerentes à governança.

Implicações sociais – A crítica à justiça de distribuição do pagamento do CEO pode não ser válida.

Originalidade/valor – Em oposição a simplesmente explorar base de dados públicos, este artigo descreve de forma mais acurada algumas variáveis que impactam como o conselho administrativo estabelecem a remuneração do CEO.

Article
Publication date: 26 November 2019

César Augusto Giraldo-Prieto, Cristina De Fuentes and Francisco Sogorb-Mira

The purpose of this paper is to identify whether Latin American (LA) firms are adopting any hedging strategy when designing foreign exchange risk (FXR) measures. To that end, the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify whether Latin American (LA) firms are adopting any hedging strategy when designing foreign exchange risk (FXR) measures. To that end, the authors explore the impact of several drivers of FXR management.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consists of 342 non-financial listed firms established in a group of representative countries of the LA region and covers the period from 2008 to 2016. Hypothesis testing is performed through a Logit model that measures the likelihood to adopt hedging practices. In addition, a Tobit test offers further insights into the derivatives users.

Findings

The authors corroborate capital structure-related hypotheses such as tax goals, financial distress, liquidity and growth opportunities. In addition, both ownership concentration and income tax payable seem to be negative and significant determinants of FXR coverage.

Originality/value

Results reported in this study are relevant for the LA region with high tradition in raw materials and commodities exports. The results show that LA firms still make limited use of derivatives and there is still much room for improvement. Hence, additional efforts to promote FXR hedging should be desirable, to meet authorities’ recommendations (OECD et al., 2007). Further research exploring corporate governance relationships and differences between large and small firms might be helpful.

Propósito

Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar si las empresas Latinoamericanas (LA) están adoptando alguna estrategia de cobertura frente al riesgo de tipo de cambio (FXR). Para ello exploramos el impacto de varios determinantes de gestión de FXR.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

La muestra está formada por 342 empresas del sector no financiero de un grupo representativo de países latinoamericanos y abarca el período 2008 a 2016. Para testar las hipótesis se aplican modelos Logit que miden la probabilidad de adoptar diferentes prácticas de cobertura. Adicionalmente, los resultados de la aplicación de un modelo Tobit ofrecen información extra sobre los usuarios de derivados.

Hallazgos

Corroboramos las hipótesis relacionadas con la estructura de capital, tales como objetivos fiscales, dificultades financieras, liquidez y oportunidades de crecimiento. Además, tanto la concentración de propiedad como los impuestos sobre la renta por pagar parecen ser determinantes negativos y significativos de la cobertura de FXR.

Originalidad/valor

Los resultados reportados en este estudio son relevantes para la región Latinoamericana con una gran tradición en exportaciones de materias primas y productos básicos. Nuestros resultados muestran que las empresas Latinoamericanas utilizan de manera limitada los derivados y todavía hay mucho por mejorar. Por lo tanto, es deseable la promoción de esfuerzos adicionales en cuanto a la cobertura de FXR para cumplir con las recomendaciones de las autoridades (OECD, 2007). Entre otras, serían de gran ayuda las investigaciones adicionales que exploren factores adicionales de Gobierno Corporativo (CG) así como profundizar en las diferencias entre empresas grandes y pequeñas.

Article
Publication date: 5 March 2018

Enrique Ogliastri, Carlos Pombo and Elvira Salgado

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the anniversary issue marking 30 years of academic publication.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the anniversary issue marking 30 years of academic publication.

Design/methodology/approach

This anniversary issue contains 12 articles from 11 countries and 17 academic institutions which present literature reviews, meta-analyses, and novel studies. It also contains testimonials about the history of the journal from Enrique Ogliastri (Editor and/or Director between 1998 and 2018), Elvira Salgado (Editor between 2002 and 2013), and Carlos Pombo (Chief Editor, 2013 to the present).

Findings

The history of the journal may be divided into five stages: first, the foundation at the Universidad de Chile (1988-1998); second, the move to the Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá) and the preparation of a proposal to the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) for inclusion among the scientific journals of the world (1999-2004); third, a period of consolidation in Latin America (2004-2007); fourth, the acceptance of the journal in ISI and the development of an electronic platform with free access to the journal (2008-2013); and fifth, the entry of the Emerald group as editorial partner (2013-2018).

Originality/value

The 12 articles present literature reviews, meta-analyzes, and novel studies.

Propósito

El propósito de este editorial es presentar el tema del aniversario.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se publican doce artículos provenientes de once países y 17 instituciones académicas. Se presentan los testimonios de Enrique Ogliastri (editor y/o director entre 1998 y 2018), Elvira Salgado (Editora entre 2002 y 2013), y Carlos Pombo (jefe editorial 2013-2018).

Hallazgos

Se publican doce artículos provenientes de once países y 17 instituciones académicas. Se presentan los testimonios de Enrique Ogliastri (editor y/o director entre 1998 y 2018), Elvira Salgado (Editora entre 2002 y 2013), y Carlos Pombo (jefe editorial 2013-2018). La historia de la revista de CLADEA se podría dividir en cinco etapas: la fundación en la Universidad de Chile (1988-1998); pasó a cargo de la Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá), un período de puesta a punto para presentar al Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) la solicitud de ser analizada e incluida entre las revistas científicas del mundo (1999-2004); el período de consolidación en América Latina (2004-2007); la aceptación en ISI y el desarrollo de una plataforma electrónica de acceso libre a la revista (2008-2013); y el ingreso del grupo Emerald como socio editorial (2013-2018).

Originalidad/valor

Los 12 artículos presentan revisiones de literatura, metanálisis y estudios novedosos

Book part
Publication date: 11 August 2016

Edmundo R. Lizarzaburu, Luis Berggrun and Kurt Burneo

Companies are wishing to incorporate good corporate governance practices into their organization in order to be more attractive to investors, knowing whether this influences their…

Abstract

Companies are wishing to incorporate good corporate governance practices into their organization in order to be more attractive to investors, knowing whether this influences their financial indicators and profitability or not. This, in fact, is beneficial for investors so they know that a company who applies the principles of corporate governance (CG) presents best management practices and transparent information, safeguarding the interests of all its stakeholders, which helps their investment decision; reducing market uncertainty, making it more efficient and liquid. The research focuses on the companies listed in the Stock Exchange of Lima that had implemented CG strategies in their organizations.

Details

The Spread of Financial Sophistication through Emerging Markets Worldwide
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-155-5

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 November 2014

Enrique Ogliastri

Six research papers are published on this issue: three on finances, two regarding public administration and one on business economy. They come from six countries and ten…

429

Abstract

Six research papers are published on this issue: three on finances, two regarding public administration and one on business economy. They come from six countries and ten universities. The first paper analyses the effect of a new platform for transactions in the Colombian stock exchange. The second studies the factors that influence the capital structure of the non‐financial companies that quote in the stock market of Lima. The third studies a sample of Brazilian coffee growers in order to determine the influence of attitudes and behaviours in their price risk management decisions. The fourth studies the relation between financial stress, decentralisation and outsourcing of public local services in Spain, by particularly taking into account the length of the financial stress, the effectiveness of the measures taken to attenuate it and the lapse between the crisis and an answer based on the portion of privatisation and decentralisation of the public services. The fifth explores the Chilean small and medium businesses determinants that from their beginnings are orientated towards the global international market. Lastly, the concepts of marketing services and higher education are used to analyse the evaluations of professors given by Mexican university students. The journal is shifting towards a new electronic platform. It will begin to be trimestral in the year 2015 and will continue to broaden its net of Associate Editors.

Resumen

En este número publicamos seis artículos de investigación: tres en finanzas, dos en administración pública, y uno en economía de negocios, provenientes de seis países y diez universidades. El primer artículo analiza el efecto de una nueva plataforma para las transacciones en la bolsa de valores de Colombia. El segundo, estudia los factores que influyen en la estructura de capital de las empresas no financieras que cotizan en el mercado de valores de Lima. El tercero, estudia una muestra de cultivadores de café brasileños para determinar la influencia de las actitudes y comportamientos en sus decisiones de gestión del riesgo del precio. El cuarto, estudia la relación entre estrés financiero, descentralización y contratación externa de servicios públicos locales en España, particularmente al enfocarse en la consideración de la duración del estrés financiero, la efectividad de las medidas tomadas para atenuarlo, y el lapso entre la crisis y una respuesta basada en la opción de privatización y descentralización de servicios públicos. El quinto explora los determinantes de que las pequeñas y medianas empresas chilenas desde el principio estén orientadas al mercado global internacional. Finalmente, se utilizan conceptos del mercadeo de servicios y la educación superior para el análisis de las evaluaciones de los profesores por parte de los estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. La revista está migrando a una nueva plataforma electrónica, pasará a ser trimestral en el año 2015 y se continúa ampliando la red de Editores Asociados.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 27 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Article
Publication date: 3 August 2015

Enrique Ogliastri and Elvira Salgado

This issue is dedicated to the memory of Luis J. Sanz and this editorial is made up of three parts: an account of his work with the journal, words from the editor (2001-2013), and…

411

Abstract

This issue is dedicated to the memory of Luis J. Sanz and this editorial is made up of three parts: an account of his work with the journal, words from the editor (2001-2013), and a brief CV which he had written shortly before his passing.

Resumen

Este número se dedica a la memoria de Luis J. Sanz y este editorial consta de tres partes. Un recuento de su trabajo con la revista, el recuerdo de la editora 2001-2013, y un breve CV que él mismo escribió poco antes de su muerte.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 28 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Book part
Publication date: 27 January 2022

Miguel Cordova, Fátima Huamán, Thais Liñan and Ruth Powosino

This chapter establishes a path to rebuilding business and regenerating society in Peru, focusing on the limitations and opportunities for recovery following COVID-19, from the…

Abstract

This chapter establishes a path to rebuilding business and regenerating society in Peru, focusing on the limitations and opportunities for recovery following COVID-19, from the perspective of mitigating the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss. The study is divided into five sections. First the Peruvian context and background are introduced. Next, the position of Peru in the 2030 Agenda is outlined. The third section describes the research methodology, followed by a discussion of the results in the fourth section, analysing how to overcome negative trade-offs and achieve the best possible balanced scenario. Finally, the fifth section offers recommendations and insights for policymakers.

Details

Regenerative and Sustainable Futures for Latin America and the Caribbean
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80117-864-8

Keywords

1 – 10 of 28