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Article
Publication date: 10 January 2024

Tingwei Gu, Shengjun Yuan, Lin Gu, Xiaodong Sun, Yanping Zeng and Lu Wang

This paper aims to propose an effective dynamic calibration and compensation method to solve the problem that the statically calibrated force sensor would produce large dynamic…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to propose an effective dynamic calibration and compensation method to solve the problem that the statically calibrated force sensor would produce large dynamic errors when measuring dynamic signals.

Design/methodology/approach

The dynamic characteristics of the force sensor are analyzed by modal analysis and negative step dynamic force calibration test, and the dynamic mathematical model of the force sensor is identified based on a generalized least squares method with a special whitening filter. Then, a compensation unit is constructed to compensate the dynamic characteristics of the force measurement system, and the compensation effect is verified based on the step and knock excitation signals.

Findings

The dynamic characteristics of the force sensor obtained by modal analysis and dynamic calibration test are consistent, and the time and frequency domain characteristics of the identified dynamic mathematical model agree well with the actual measurement results. After dynamic compensation, the dynamic characteristics of the force sensor in the frequency domain are obviously improved, and the effective operating frequency band is widened from 500 Hz to 1,560 Hz. In addition, in the time domain, the rise time of the step response signal is reduced from 0.29 ms to 0.17 ms, and the overshoot decreases from 26.6% to 9.8%.

Originality/value

An effective dynamic calibration and compensation method is proposed in this paper, which can be used to improve the dynamic performance of the strain-gauge-type force sensor and reduce the dynamic measurement error of the force measurement system.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 44 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 July 2020

Zhang Jun, Muhammad Ayaz Akbar, Wang Xin lei and Danaish

The purpose of this study is to present the optimization of the design and measurement principle of a six-component force/thrust measurement stand. This study highlights some key…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to present the optimization of the design and measurement principle of a six-component force/thrust measurement stand. This study highlights some key problems found in previous studies and proposes improvements in design and measurement principles.

Design/methodology/approach

The numerical simulation approach is used to verify the proposed improvements. An improved design and measurement principle are proposed and to verify the proposed improvements, simulation experiments are conducted. The data obtained from simulations are analyzed through the proposed improved measurement principle. The proposed stand is capable of measuring the main thrust and other components as pitch, yaw and roll. The stand is capable of measuring the main thrust more than 50,000 N and orthogonal thrust components more than 1,000 N. Improved design of measurement stand is also capable of measuring moments in three-axis more than 150 Nm. Thrust stand consists of two main sections: front and rare. Stand consists of seven piezoelectric force sensors to measure all components of force.

Findings

The simulations experiments and basic theoretical laws of kinematics prove that the proposed design indeed improves the precision of measurement and also enhance the efficiency of design. Evaluation results show that the measurement stand designed is highly functional. Non-linearity, coupling and repeatability errors are found to be within acceptable range during numerical simulations.

Originality/value

This study is unique in this kind. This study identifies the key problems found in previous studies and proposes an improved design and measurement principle. This study provides evidence for the improvements to be really functional and necessary.

Details

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , vol. 18 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1726-0531

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1956

W.G. Molyneux

AT the present time it is a general practice to make extensive investigations of the flutter and oscillatory stability characteristics of all prototype aircraft at an early stage…

Abstract

AT the present time it is a general practice to make extensive investigations of the flutter and oscillatory stability characteristics of all prototype aircraft at an early stage in the design. So far as theoretical investigations of these characteristics are concerned there is often considerable uncertainty as to the values of the aerodynamic coefficients to be used, for there is evidence that measured and theoretical coefficients may differ considerably. Measured values of the coefficients are therefore required both for direct use in calculations and as a check on the theoretical coefficients, and also to provide a guide in the development of more precise theories. Unfortunately the wide variations in wing plan forms and the rapid increase in flight speeds which have occurred in recent years have meant that experimental work in this particular field has not kept pace with development and the designer is faced with the problem of ensuring the safety and operational efficiency of his aircraft using theoretical coefficients whose values may be unreliable.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 28 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 12 December 2017

Yu Tian, Jun Zhang, Zongjin Ren, Wei Liu, Zhenyuan Jia and Qingbing Chang

This paper aims to improve calibration and force measurement accuracy of multi-sensors’ piezoelectric dynamometer used in thrust measurement of rocket/air vehicle engine.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to improve calibration and force measurement accuracy of multi-sensors’ piezoelectric dynamometer used in thrust measurement of rocket/air vehicle engine.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a mapping solution method of sensors’ outputs based on the Kirchhoff thin plate theory, builds force-deformation differential equations with specific boundary conditions, uses finite difference (FD) method to solve the equations and analyzes outputs in offset loading forces in four-sensor square layout in main direction. The resultant force deviations calculated by the Kirchhoff theory are optimized with sequence quadratic program (SQP) method, and a calibration method of multiple loading points (MLP) based on the Kirchhoff theory is presented. Experiments of static calibration and verification are complemented to contrast the novel and single loading point (SLP) calibration method.

Findings

Experiments of static calibration and its verification show that at a loading force of 5,000N, the average resultant force deviations with MLP is 17.87N (0.35% FS) compared with single loading point method 26.45N (0.53% FS), improving calibration and measurement precision.

Originality value

A novel calibration method with MLP is presented. Force distributions of multiple sensors of main direction in piezoelectric dynamometer with offset loading force are solved with the Kirchhoff theory. The resultant force deviations calculated by Kirchhoff theory are optimized with the SQP method.

Article
Publication date: 5 July 2021

Rodrigo Magana Carranza, Joseph Robinson, Ian Ashton, Peter Fox, Christopher Sutcliffe and Eann Patterson

The purpose of this paper is to detail the design and first use of a force transducer device to study the development of forces during the laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to detail the design and first use of a force transducer device to study the development of forces during the laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process from which residual stresses can be inferred.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed novel device consists of an array of load cells for in-situ measurement of forces over time during the L-PBF additive manufacturing process. Measurements of the developed forces layer by layer were recorded in a first build using a 67-degree rotating scan strategy using Inconel 625 build material.

Findings

Preliminary experimental results from in-situ measurements using a 67-degree rotating scan strategy showed that the forces induced in the first five layers represented approximately 80% of the maximum on completion of the build and were distributed such as to induce concave deformation of the part, i.e. tension in the centre and compression at the edges of the part.

Originality/value

This paper describes a novel device for in-process measurement of the spatial distribution and time-varying nature of the forces induced during the L-PBF process as well as an evaluation of the residual forces following the completion of the build.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 27 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 14 August 2018

Fangfang Liu, Jingfan Wang, Lijuan Chen, Ruijun Li, Haojie Xia and Liandong Yu

There is an increasing demand for higher-accuracy dimensional measurements of nano- and micro-structures. Recently, the authors presented a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor-based…

Abstract

Purpose

There is an increasing demand for higher-accuracy dimensional measurements of nano- and micro-structures. Recently, the authors presented a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor-based dynamic nano-coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) probe for true three-dimensional coordinate measurement, in which a specific mechanical structure with several FBG sensors was developed to provide the probe with sensitivity to loading in all directions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study presents a three-dimensional sensing and demodulation system based on an improved matched filter design and the time division multiplexing technique that helps solve the problem of multiplex FBG-signals conflicts. In addition, the application of the dynamic mode of the probe system effectively solves the problem presented by the surface interaction forces.

Findings

Consequently, this FBG-based vibrating probe system has increased sensitivity to strain, while maintaining smaller contact force. The experiments for testing probe performance show that the prototype yielded a measurement resolution of 13 nm, a repeatability of 50 nm and a vertical measurement force of less than1.5 mN.

Research limitations/implications

The force tests in the horizontal directions are difficult to conduct because both the probe and the dynamometer are only adaptable to vertical use.

Practical implications

Development of the FBG-based dynamic nano-coordinate-measuring machine probe will achieve a new and inexpensive method for higher-accuracy dimensional measurements of nano- and micro-structures, such as micro-electromechanical systems, micro-fluidic chips, inkjet and diesel engine injector nozzles that are in overall dimensions within the micrometer scale.

Originality/value

The study presents a three-dimensional sensing and demodulation system for the vibrating nano-coordinate-measuring machine probe based on FBG sensors. The prototype yielded a measurement resolution of 13 nm, a repeatability of 50 nm and a vertical measurement force of less than1.5 mN.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 39 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2004

Gregory Tholey, Anand Pillarisetti and Jaydev P. Desai

Advancements in robotics have led to significant improvements in robot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery. This paper describes our design of an automated laparoscopic grasper…

1135

Abstract

Advancements in robotics have led to significant improvements in robot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery. This paper describes our design of an automated laparoscopic grasper with tri‐directional force measurement capability at the grasping jaws. The laparoscopic tool can measure normal, lateral, and longitudinal grasping forces while grasping soft tissue. Additionally, the tool can also be used to measure the tissue probing forces. Initial testing of the prototype has shown its ability to accurately characterize artificial tissue samples of varying stiffness and accurately measure the probing forces.

Details

Industrial Robot: An International Journal, vol. 31 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 July 2013

Hoon Cheol Park, Eko Priamadi and Quang‐Tri Truong

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of wing kinematics change on force generation produced by flapping wings.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of wing kinematics change on force generation produced by flapping wings.

Design/methodology/approach

Forces produced by flapping wings are measured using a load cell and compared for the investigation. The measured forces are validated by estimation using an unsteady blade element theory.

Findings

From the measurement and estimation, the authors found that flapping wings produced positive and negative lifts when the wings are attached with the +30° and −30°, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

The authors quantified the characteristics of change in the force generation by flapping wings for three wing kinematics. The wing kinematics was modified by changing the initial wing attachment angle.

Practical implications

The result may be applicable to design of control mechanism for an insect‐mimicking flapping‐wing micro air vehicle, which has only wings without control surfaces at its tail.

Social implications

The preliminary work may provide an insight for design strategy of flapping‐wing micro air vehicles with compact and handy configurations, because they may perform controlled flight even without control surfaces at their tails.

Originality/value

The work included here is the first attempt to quantify the force generation characteristics for different wing kinematics. The suggested way of wing kinematics change can provide a concept for control mechanism of a flapping‐wing micro air vehicle.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems, vol. 1 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2049-6427

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 13 January 2022

Jun Zhang, Yixuan Ma, Zongjin Ren, Tao Bai, Peikai Hu and Zunhao Wang

The purpose of this paper is to improve the reliability of the force measurement system by determining the reliable test range of dynamometer.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to improve the reliability of the force measurement system by determining the reliable test range of dynamometer.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the principle of leverage and moment balance, a general force distribution model is applicable in where the test point is located either inside or outside the support region of four three-component force links of dynamometer is established. After corroborating the correctness of the model through verification experiments, the boundary conditions that each three-component force link should satisfy are analyzed by considering the characteristic of the dynamometer components comprehensively. Furthermore, the reliable test range of dynamometer is determined, followed by a calibration experiment to verify its rationality.

Findings

The relationships between the reliable test range and the tested force, the bolt pre-tightening force and the bearing capacity of quartz wafers are clarified. Further, the experimental calibration results show that when the test point is within the reliable test range, the three-directional output voltage of dynamometer has excellent linearity and repeatability. The nonlinearity and repeatability in X-, Y- and Z-directions are all less than 1.1%.

Originality/value

A general mathematical model of force distribution of four three-component force links is constructed, which provides a theoretical basic for the mechanical analysis of multi-sensors’ dynamometer. Comprehensively considering the performance of dynamometer components, the value of measured force and the pre-tightening force, the simultaneous equations of reliable test range are deduced, which limits the boundary of allowable test position of piezoelectric dynamometer.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 42 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 April 2022

Zhuoqi Cheng, Jiale He, Pengjie Lin, Min He, Jing Guo, Xinwei Chen, Shuting Cai and Xiaoming Xiong

The purpose of this paper is to design a smart handheld device with force regulating function, which demonstrates the concept of patient-specialized tools.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design a smart handheld device with force regulating function, which demonstrates the concept of patient-specialized tools.

Design/methodology/approach

This handheld device integrates an electrical bioimpedance (EBI) sensor for tissue measurement and a constant force regulation mechanism for ensuring stable tool–tissue contact. Particular focuses in this study are on the design of the constant force regulation mechanism whose design process is through genetic algorithm optimization and finite element simulation. In addition, the output force can be changed to the desired value by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the generated spring.

Findings

The following two specific applications based on ex vivo tissues are used for evaluating the designed device. One is in terms of safety of interaction with delicate tissue while the other is for compensating involuntary tissue motion. The results of both examples show that the handheld device is able to provide an output force with a small standard deviation.

Originality/value

In this paper, a handheld device with force regulation mechanism is designed for specific patients based on the genetic algorithm optimization and finite element simulation. The device can maintain a steady and safe interaction force during the EBI measurement on fragile tissues or moving tissues, to improve the sensing accuracy and to avoid tissue damage. Such functions of the proposed device are evaluated through a series of experiments and the device is demonstrated to be effective.

Details

Assembly Automation, vol. 42 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-5154

Keywords

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