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This study aims to investigate the relationship between political instability and the performance of Islamic banks in emerging countries.

For a data sample of 93 Islamic banks in 20 emerging countries during the period from 2011 to 2016, the authors identify indicators that matter most for the activities of Islamic banks.

The study finds that a stable government and law and order are positively correlated with the health of Islamic financial institutions. On the other hand, corruption and military involvement in politics can create an unstable environment for businesses, leading to uncertainty and risk. The study also reveals that Islamic banks operating in regions or communities with lower risk of socio-economic conditions tend to exhibit higher levels of profitability.

Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the impact of political instability on Islamic banks in emerging countries.

Commercial banks face several risks, including credit, liquidity, operational and disruptive risks. In addition to these risks that are challenging for banks to control and manage, crises and disasters can exert substantially more destructive shocks. These shocks can exacerbate internal risks and cause severe damage to the bank's performance, leading banks to bankruptcy and closure. This study aims to facilitate achieving resilient banking policies through a model-based assessment of business continuity management (BCM) policies.

By applying a system dynamics (SD) methodology, a systemic model that includes a causal structure of the banking business is presented. To build a simulation model, data are collected from a commercial bank in Iran. By presenting the simulation model of the bank's business, the consequences of some given crises on the bank's performance are tested, and the effectiveness of risk and crisis management policies is evaluated. Vensim Personal Learning Edition (PLE) software is used to construct the simulation model.

Results indicate that the current BCM policies do not show appropriate resilience in the face of various crises. Commercial banks cannot create sustainable value for the banks' shareholders despite the possibility of profitability, as the shareholders lack adequate resilience and soundness. These commercial banks do not have the appropriate resilience for the next pandemic after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Moreover, the robustness of the current banking business model is very fragile for the banking run crisis.

A forward-looking view of resilient banking can be obtained by combining liquidity coverage, stable funding, capital adequacy and insights from stress tests. Resilient banking requires a balanced combination of robustness, soundness and profitability.

The present study is a combination of bank business management, risk and resilience management and SD simulation. This approach can analyze and simulate the dynamics of bank resilience. Additionally, present of a decision support system (DSS) to analyze and simulate the outcomes of different crisis management policies and solutions is an innovative approach to developing effective and resilient banking policies.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of size, asset quality, asset management, financial risk, gross domestic product and inflation rate on the financial performance of companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index of 30 industrial firms.

Based on the selected criteria, this study analysed an unbalanced panel of data from 30 industrial companies on the Indonesian capital market that are members of the Jakarta Islamic index. Profitability is measured using the dependent variables return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and stock prices. The influence of explanatory variables of internal factors, namely, size, asset quality, asset management, financial risk, gross domestic product and inflation is investigated using pooled OLS, fixed and random effect estimation.

The empirical findings indicate that the scale of a company has a significant impact on its performance, asset quality, asset management and financial risk. GDP has a substantial impact on financial performance, particularly as measured by ROA and ROE. This study’s ramifications have substantial effects on a broad spectrum of stakeholders. The results of this study provide the general public and investors with a greater understanding of the factors that influence a company’s performance on the Jakarta Islamic Index 30.

The implication of this research is that a deeper comprehension of the factors that influence the financial performance of companies within industrial sectors that follow Islamic finance principles can help design more effective strategies and policies.

This research has significant practical implications in a number of crucial areas. First, it provides a comprehensive comprehension of the company’s financial performance in the industrial sector in accordance with Islamic finance principles. Second, the research findings provide more precise guidance on how company size, asset quality and macroeconomic variables influence the performance of Indonesia's financial market.

The study’s authenticity and value hold considerable importance. This study introduces novel perspectives on the assessment of corporate financial performance within industrial sectors through the lens of Islamic finance principles. It offers valuable insights that have not yet been extensively investigated by scholars in the field.

This study aims to examine the various internal and external factors affecting the financial stability of Indian Commercial Banks. The aim is to improve the effectiveness of the Indian banking system in facilitating the transmission of monetary policy and to strengthen its resilience in the event of a banking crisis.

A panel data regression analysis is employed on unbalanced panel data of Indian commercial banks including public sector, private sector and foreign sector banks for the period of 2005–2022.

This study revealed that Indian banks with higher profits and high capitalization are more stable than others. However, banks with large bank size and high management costs are less stable as compared to other banks. In the case of macroeconomic variables, foreign exchange reserves have a significant positive impact on banking stability. Moreover, the unemployment rate has a significant negative impact on the banking stability of India.

Research identifies relevant micro and macroeconomic drivers pertaining to India’s banking stability, a developing economy. These findings have significant implications and can attract the attention of analysts, regulators, bankers and academicians in this area. Nevertheless, the scope of the study is limited to the variables chosen to evaluate their contribution to banking stability, but other variables may influence Indian banking conditions.

Indian banks are advised by the research to place a high priority on profitability, capitalization and effective risk management. Customers and investors should choose banks with strong metrics. The priorities for policymakers should be preserving robust reserves and tackling unemployment with focused initiatives. Adopting digitalization can improve banks’ customer service and operational effectiveness, which is important for overcoming economic obstacles. These tactics provide doable measures to improve the resilience and stability of the banking industry in India and other emerging nations.

This research differentiates from the rest by focusing solely on the Indian banking system, in contrast to previous ones that often treated India as part of a bigger part like the BRICS or South Asia continent. It acknowledges the need to comprehending the unique traits and difficulties faced by the Indian banking system. Moreover, the current study distinguishes itself by focusing on the combined impact of microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators in the Indian context, unlike earlier research that concentrated on assessing the effects of individual variables. The current study also investigated new variables like corporate governance and foreign exchange reserves in the context of Indian banking which have not been explored by existing literature. Research is also crucial in the context of the analysis’s time frame, since it captures the period of economic transformation that included demonization, implementation of GST, major mergers and global COVID-19 pandemic.

The purposes of the paper are as follows: (1) Analysing the effect of financial inclusion on financial stability. (2) Examining whether financial inclusion non-linearily impacts financial stability. (3) Analysing whether the effect of financial inclusion varies across quantiles of financial stability. (4) Investigating whether dimensions of financial inclusion affect financial stability differently. (5) Examining whether the effect of financial inclusion on financial stability depends on competitiveness of the banking industry.

Using panel data for 19 African countries for the period 2006–2022, we first developed multidimensional index of financial inclusion using two-stage indexing approach. Then employing panel semiparametric regression, we analyse the non-linear nexus between financial stability and financial inclusion. We further employ panel quantile regression to investigate the differential effect of financial inclusion at different quantiles of financial stability. We also employed two-stage least squires, and alternative measurement of financial stability as robustness checks.

Employing panel semiparametric regression, we demonstrate that the financial inclusion-stability nexus exhibits non-linearity: below (above) threshold level financial inclusion promotes (reduces) financial stability. Employing panel quantile regression, we find that the effect of financial inclusion increases at higher quantiles of financial stability. We further demonstrate that the effect of financial inclusion on financial stability is pronounced in a more competitive bank industry. The findings are robust to two-stage least squares estimation, and alternative measurement of financial stability. The results suggest that keeping a balance between achieving stable and inclusive financial system, and ensuring a competitive banking industry are essential to achieve bank soundness while promoting financial inclusion.

The study incrementally contributes to the literature related to the financial inclusion – stability nexus in four-fold. First, unlike studies that relied on some indicators of financial inclusion, we employed the effect of multidimensional financial inclusion on financial stability and further examined whether or not the effect varies across financial inclusion dimensions. Second, unlike studies that assumed a linear nexus between financial inclusion and stability, employing panel semiparametric regression, we investigated for non-linear relationship between the two. Employing a novel panel quantile estimation approach, we further scrutinised whether the effect of financial inclusion varies across quantiles of financial stability. Third, to our knowledge, our study is the first to examine the effect of multidimensional financial inclusion on bank soundness in Africa.

1. We find a non-linear nexus between financial inclusion and financial stability.

2. Financial inclusion below (above) threshold enhances (reduces) financial stability.

3. The effect of financial inclusion is pronounced at higher quantiles of financial stability.

4. The effect of financial inclusion on financial stability depends on bank competition.

5. The results hold across different dimensions of financial inclusion.

We find a non-linear nexus between financial inclusion and financial stability.

Financial inclusion below (above) threshold enhances (reduces) financial stability.

The effect of financial inclusion is pronounced at higher quantiles of financial stability.

The effect of financial inclusion on financial stability depends on bank competition.

The results hold across different dimensions of financial inclusion.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the board of directors effectiveness (BODE), financial determinants, Takaful-specific determinants and the Takaful firms’ financial stability are related to the Shari’ah Supervisory Board’s quality (SCQ).

Using hierarchical regression analysis, the authors examine the determinants of financial stability of Takaful insurance and the authors test the moderator role of SCQ over 2016–2022 on a sample of 19 listed Takaful firms in 10 countries in the Middle East and South Asia region.

The findings reveal that SCQ negatively moderates the positive relationship between BODE, the Takaful model, diversification strategy, solvency, liquidity and Takaful financial stability. Shari’ah governance plays a crucial role in improving the financial soundness and the Shari’ah compliance of Takaful insurance.

This paper includes two main limitations. The results are restricted to the Middle East region and South Asia and may not be generalized to other areas. The study presents data from only 19 Takaful firms.

This kind of investigation is of immense relevance to enhance the understanding of governance and soundness of Takaful companies. Furthermore, it serves as a guide to the recruitment of Shari’ah board members, the choice of Takaful model and appropriate strategy to increase its financial stability.

This research studies the financial stability of Takaful insurance and the moderating role of SCQ, unlike the majority of other works that focus on financial performance.

The paper analyzes the impact of bank opacity on financial stability in an emerging economy.

Based on a unique dataset of 31 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2007 to 2019, the paper captures earnings opacity via discretionary loan loss provisions and reflects individual bank stability through the accounting-based Z-score index and its disaggregate components. The least squares dummy variable corrected (LSDVC) approach is employed for empirical analysis.

In contradiction to most studies on developed economies, earnings management improves bank financial stability in Vietnam. Earnings management is more important for the financial stability of smaller banks. Further, the effect of financial information disclosure on bank stability is strengthened by unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, particularly economic downturns, the global financial crisis and uncertain times in banking.

This is the first study to shed light on how bank opacity influences bank financial stability in an emerging market. The evidence with the conditioning roles of bank size and macroeconomic factors, such as uncertainty in banking, is entirely novel in the related literature. Additionally, the paper contributes to a growing body of banking literature by using the LSDVC estimator to examine the association between bank opacity and bank stability.

This study aims to review the computational framework of SDGs in India, so that a mid-course correction can be contemplated.

This study deploys, inter alia, econometric analysis to probe the robustness of indicators of SDG India Index 3.0. Methodologically, the study intensively probes the robustness of SDG India index and extensively refers to the global SDG indexes for cross-checking.

Though the three editions of SDGI index mark significant efforts taken towards measuring the progress of SDGs in India, the paradigm suffers from the problem of too many indicators chasing only few targets, quantitative and qualitative issues with indicators, vintage pollution, partial coverage of targets and robustness issues.

This study has the limitation that it could not check the robustness of SDG scores with different weights assigned to indicators and future researchers can take up that interesting assignment.

Since measuring the SDG progress through SDG index is a global endeavour, the findings of this study are important for almost all countries of the world, as it is still not too late to do mid-course correction because it is not the measurement that matters at the end of the day, rather it is the outcome of sustainable development that every country cares about.

The obfuscation of layers of SDG index in crafty, glossy and power-point-presentation-oriented SDG reports should get the reality check through such review of the computational framework of SDGs.

This is the first study that unpacks the layers of SDG index computation in general and comprehensively reviews the Indian SDG indexing method in particular.

This study investigates the relationships between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) controversies and insolvency risk in the insurance sector. Drawing from legitimacy and stakeholder theories, the authors explore the impact of ESG controversies on insurers’ insolvency risk and the moderating effect of ESG practices on this relationship.

This study utilises a dataset comprising 120 stock insurance firms spanning from 2011 to 2022. The authors employed system-GMM estimations to control for potential endogeneity and conducted several robustness checks.

ESG controversy positively influences insurers’ insolvency risk, with ESG practices mitigating these positive effects. The Governance (G) component of ESG practices plays a key role in counteracting the effects of ESG controversies on insurance companies’ insolvency risk.

This is the first study to investigate the direct relationship between ESG controversies and insolvency risk in the insurance industry. It underscores the critical influence of stakeholders’ perceptions of the company’s legitimacy, which is determined by the number of ESG controversies undertaken by the insurer company, on its insolvency risk. Additionally, by examining the three components of ESG practices individually, the authors offer insights into how managers can gain a competitive edge, particularly by utilising governance practices as safeguards against the adverse effects of ESG controversies on their financial risk.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused financial stress and limited their lending agility, resulting in more non-performing loans (NPLs) and lower performance during the II wave of the coronavirus crisis. Therefore, it is essential to identify the risky factors influencing the financial performance of Indian banks spanning 2018–2022.

Our sample consists of a balanced panel dataset of 75 scheduled commercial banks from three different ownership groups, including public, private and foreign banks, that were actively engaged in their operations during 2018–2022. Factor identification is performed via a fixed-effects model (FEM) that solves the issue of heterogeneity across different with banks over time. Additionally, to ensure the robustness of our findings, we also identify the risky drivers of the financial performance of Indian banks using an alternative measure, the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) model.

Empirical evidence indicates that default risk, solvency risk and COVAR reduce financial performance in India. However, high liquidity, Z-score and the COVID-19 crisis enhance the financial performance of Indian banks. Unsystematic risk and systemic risk factors play an important role in determining the prognosis of COVID-19. The study supports the “bad-management,” “moral hazard” and “tail risk spillover of a single bank to the system” hypotheses. Public sector banks (PSBs) have considerable potential to achieve financial performance while controlling unsystematic risk and exogenous shocks relative to their peer group. Finally, robustness check estimates confirm the coefficients of the main model.

This study contributes to the knowledge in the banking literature by identifying risk factors that may affect financial performance during a crisis nexus and providing information about preventive measures. These insights are valuable to bankers, academics, managers and regulators for policy formulation. The findings of this paper provide important insights by considering all the risk factors that may be responsible for reducing the probability of financial performance in the banking system of an emerging market economy.

The empirical analysis has been done with a fresh perspective to consider unsystematic risk, systemic risk and exogenous risk (COVID-19) with the financial performance of Indian banks. Furthermore, none of the existing banking literature explicitly explores the drivers of the I and II waves of COVID-19 while considering COVID-19 as a dependent variable. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to make efforts in this direction.