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1 – 10 of over 21000Xiaojun Zhao, Lin Li, Junwei Lu, Zhiguang Cheng and Tiebing Lu
This paper aims to introduce the decomposed harmonic balance finite element method (HBFEM) to decrease the memory requirement in large‐scale computation of the DC‐biasing magnetic…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the decomposed harmonic balance finite element method (HBFEM) to decrease the memory requirement in large‐scale computation of the DC‐biasing magnetic field. Harmonic analysis of the flux density and flux distribution was carried out to investigate the DC biased problem in a laminated core model (LCM).
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the DC bias test on a LCM, the decomposed HBFEM is applied to accurately calculate the DC‐biasing magnetic field. External electric circuits are coupled with the magnetic field in the harmonic domain. The reluctivity matrix is decomposed and the block Gauss‐Seidel algorithm solves each harmonic solution of magnetic field and exciting current sequentially.
Findings
The calculated exciting currents and flux density are compared with that obtained from measurement and time domain finite element analysis, respectively, which demonstrates consistency. The DC bias leads to the significant saturation of the magnetic core and serious distortion of the exciting current. The flux density varies nonlinearly with DC bias excitation.
Research limitations/implications
The harmonic balance method is only applicable in solving the steady state magnetic field. Future improvements in the method are necessary in order to manage the hysteresis effects in magnetic material.
Originality/value
The proposed method to solve the DC biased problem significantly reduces the memory requirement compared to the conventional HBFEM. The decomposed harmonic balance equations are solved efficiently by the block Gauss‐Seidel algorithm combined with the relaxation iterative scheme. An investigation on DC bias phenomena is carried out through the harmonic solution of the magnetic field. The decomposed HBFEM can also be applied to solve 3‐D DC‐biasing magnetic field and eddy current nonlinear problems in a practical power transformer.
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Desmond Ng, Harvey S. James Jr and Peter G. Klein
As the prioritization of family goals depends on the resolution of family conflict, this study's purpose is to explain how a dominant coalition (DC) of parental family members…
Abstract
Purpose
As the prioritization of family goals depends on the resolution of family conflict, this study's purpose is to explain how a dominant coalition (DC) of parental family members prioritizes their family economic and non-economic goals when faced with different types of family conflict.
Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual framework is developed drawing on a socio-cognitive approach to explain a family's goal formation process. This socio-cognitive approach extends the stakeholder salience underpinnings of family influence/essence theory. It shows that family conflict arises from the complex and novel social settings of a family business and that a DC prioritizes their family's goals by drawing on heuristic biases to resolve such family conflict.
Findings
A key finding of this study is the introduction of a distinct type of agency to family influence/essence research. Unlike the salient explanations, a family's goal formulation process is attributed to a DC's heuristic response in resolving their family business conflict.
Originality/value
Scholars have called for a greater need to investigate the social and cognitive underpinnings of a family's goal formation process. While the social settings of a family business are often explained in terms of family conflict, an understanding of the sources of such conflict and their resolution have received limited attention. This study opens new avenues to understanding the sources of such family conflict and the cognitive mechanisms needed to overcome them. This understanding is critical not only to the prioritization of a family's goals but also to the idea that “influence” defines the essence of a family business.
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Hongliang Wang, Xiangjun Wang, Changde He and Chenyang Xue
As a new type of ultrasonic transducer with significant advantages, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) has good application prospect. The reception…
Abstract
Purpose
As a new type of ultrasonic transducer with significant advantages, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) has good application prospect. The reception characteristic of the CMUT is one of the important factors determining the application effect. This paper aims to study the reception characteristics of CMUT.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the state equation is deduced and the analysis model is established in SIMULINK environment based on the lumped parameter system model of the CMUT cell. Based on this analysis model, the influencing factors of CMUT reception characteristics are studied and investigated, and the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics are investigated in detail.
Findings
The analysis results show that parameters directly affect the reception characteristics of the CMUT, such as direct current (DC) bias voltage, input sound pressure amplitude and frequency. At the same time, the measurement system is built and the reception characteristics are verified.
Originality/value
This paper provides an effective method for rapid analyzing the reception characteristics of CMUT. These results provide an important theoretical basis and reference for further optimization of CMUT structure design, and lay a good foundation for the practical application measurement.
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Rui Zhang, Lei Zhao, Dan Xie, Jinlong Song, Wendong Zhang, Lihu Pan and Yanhua Zhang
This study aims to simulate and test the performance of a transmitting and receiving capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). Aimed at detecting demand of the CMUT…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to simulate and test the performance of a transmitting and receiving capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). Aimed at detecting demand of the CMUT, a matched integrated adjustment circuit was designed through analyzing processing methods of transducer’s weak echo signal.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the analysis of CMUT array structure and work principle, the CMUT units are designed and the dynamic performance analysis of SIMULINK is given according to the demand of underwater detecting. A transceiver isolation circuit is used to make transmission mode and receiving mode separate. A detection circuit is designed based on the transimpedance amplifier to achieve extraction of high-frequency and weak signal.
Findings
Through experimentation, the effectiveness of the CMUT performance simulation and the transceiver integrated adjustment circuit were verified. In addition, the test showed that CMUT with 400 kHz frequency has wider bandwidth and better dynamic characteristics than other similar transducers.
Originality/value
This paper provides a theoretical basis and design reference for the development and application of CMUT technology.
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Keywords
- MEMS
- Dynamic performance
- Ultrasonic sensors
- Underwater applications
- Detection circuit
- Transmission transducer
- Capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducer
- Receipt and transmission transducer
- MEMS
- Dynamic performance
- Ultrasonic sensors
- Underwater applications
- Detection circuit
- Transmission transducer
- Capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducer
The paper aims to provide a critical review of how variations in the conceptualization and contextualization of hate crime across US cities might impact how their individual law…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to provide a critical review of how variations in the conceptualization and contextualization of hate crime across US cities might impact how their individual law enforcement agencies collect hate crime data. Media reports and political discourses present hate crime as a prevalent problem in the USA. However, this representation of hate crime in the public sphere is not reflected in the relatively low national numbers of hate crimes published annually by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing primarily on the national hate crime data for the period 2008–2018, this author conducted a secondary research study of the concept, context, extent and law enforcement collection of hate crime data in five cities in the USA.
Findings
This paper is a product of some of the findings of the study, which include the definition of hate crime at the federal, state and city levels and the contextualization of hate crimes at these levels. The findings show inconsistencies in how the five cities and associated law enforcement agencies conceptualize hate crime and in how they collect and report hate crime data at local and national levels.
Originality/value
Through its analysis of how five US cities and the associated law enforcement agencies interpret and respond to hate crime data collection, with recommendations of best practices for hate crime data collection by law enforcement agencies, the paper contributes to the academic and nonacademic debate on hate crime.
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Janusz Marek Smulko, Maciej Trawka, Claes Goran Granqvist, Radu Ionescu, Fatima Annanouch, Eduard Llobet and Laszlo Bela Kish
– This paper aims to present the methods of improving selectivity and sensitivity of resistance gas sensors.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present the methods of improving selectivity and sensitivity of resistance gas sensors.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper compares various methods of improving gas sensing by temperature modulation, UV irradiation or fluctuation-enhanced sensing. The authors analyze low-frequency resistance fluctuations in commercial Taguchi gas sensors and the recently developed tungsten trioxide (WO3) gas-sensing layers, exhibiting a photo-catalytic effect.
Findings
The efficiency of using low-frequency fluctuations to improve gas detection selectivity and sensitivity was confirmed by numerous experimental studies in commercial and prototype gas sensors.
Research limitations/implications
A more advanced measurement setup is required to record noise data but it will reduce the number of gas sensors necessary for identifying the investigated gas mixtures.
Practical implications
Fluctuation-enhanced sensing can reduce the energy consumption of gas detection systems and assures better detection results.
Originality/value
A thorough comparison of various gas sensing methods in resistance gas sensors is presented and supported by exemplary practical applications.
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B. Rudra, M.J. Li, M. Pecht and D. Jennings
Laminated substrates are used widely in the manufacture of multichipmodules (MCM‐L) by the electronic packaging industry. Of late, the thrust hasbeen towards higher density…
Abstract
Laminated substrates are used widely in the manufacture of multichip modules (MCM‐L) by the electronic packaging industry. Of late, the thrust has been towards higher density circuitry to achieve improved performance and reduced size. This has led to the use of finer lines and spacings, smaller drilled holes and buried vias in organic laminates leading to reliability issues such as electrochemical migration. One of the forms of electrochemical migration is known as conductive filament formation. Conductive filament formation is an electrochemical process. In accelerated environments of temperature and humidity, organic laminates can develop a loss of insulation resistance between conductors, eventually resulting in loss of electrical function of the circuit. The paper aims at discussing electrochemical migration in general, and conductive filament formation in particular, and its impact on the reliability of MCM‐L.
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Pragash Sangaran, Narendra Kumar, Jagadheswaran Rajendran and Andrei Grebennikov
This paper aims to propose a practical design methodology of high-power wideband power amplifier.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a practical design methodology of high-power wideband power amplifier.
Design/methodology/approach
The distributed power amplification method is used for a Gallium Nitride device to achieve wideband operation. To achieve the high power without trading-off the bandwidth and gain, a methodology to extract the package-loading effect is proposed and verified.
Findings
A maximum output power of 10 W is achieved from 100 MHz to 2 GHz with a wideband power gain of 32 dB in measurement. This performance is achieved through a single section matching network.
Research limitations/implications
Measurement accuracy is dependable to the thermal behaviour of the high-power device.
Practical implications
The proposed technique is an excellent solution to be used in the two way radio power amplifier that minimizes the fundamental trade-off issue between power, gain, bandwidth and efficiency.
Originality/value
In this work, a practical distributed power amplifier (DPA) design methodology is proposed that reduces the development cycle time for industrial engineers working on high-power circuit design application.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss a new method of iron loss estimation under pulse width modulation (PWM) converter supply. The proposed method concerns the longitudinal…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss a new method of iron loss estimation under pulse width modulation (PWM) converter supply. The proposed method concerns the longitudinal magnetisation.
Design/methodology/approach
A novel method of iron loss estimation applies values of iron losses that come from a single higher harmonic coexisting with a DC‐bias field. This method considers non‐linearity of ferromagnetic. Results of estimation are validated using experimental results.
Findings
The paper formulates that the dependence of iron losses come from harmonics, on DC‐bias field. Moreover, it formulates possibilities of their utilization to iron loss estimation in case of deformed flux. On the other hand, it discusses the influence of DC‐bias field on static hysteresis and classical eddy current losses.
Research limitations/implications
Experimental verification will still be needed as to the accuracy of the proposed model and applicability to various magnetic materials.
Practical implications
The paper provides an easy mathematical method of iron loss estimation, under PWM voltage supply.
Originality/value
The paper explains how to use an analytical method and results of iron losses come from single harmonics, obtained under coexistence with DC‐bias field, to iron loss estimation in case of longitudinal magnetisation where deformed magnetic flux occurs.
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Keywords
Adam Ruszczyk and Krzysztof Sokalski
The purpose of this paper is to present modelling of power losses dependences on temperature in soft magnetic materials exposed to non-sinusoidal flux waveforms and DC bias…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present modelling of power losses dependences on temperature in soft magnetic materials exposed to non-sinusoidal flux waveforms and DC bias condition.
Design/methodology/approach
Scaling theory allows the power loss density to be derived in the form of a general homogeneous function, which depends on the peak-to-peak of the magnetic inductance ΔB, frequency f, DC bias HDC and temperature T. The form of this function has been generated through the Maclaurin expansion with respect to scaled frequency, which suit very much for the Bertotti decomposition. The parameters of the model consist of expansion coefficients, scaling exponents, parameters of DC bias mapping, parameters of temperature factor and tuning exponents. Values of these model parameters were estimated on the basis of measured data of total power density losses.
Findings
The main finding of the paper is a unified methodology for the derivation of a mathematical model which satisfactorily describes the total power density losses versus ΔB, f, HDC, and T in soft magnetic devices.
Research limitations/implications
Still the derived method does not describe dependences of the power density loss on shape and size of considered sample.
Practical implications
The most important achievement is of the practical use. The paper is useful for device designers.
Originality/value
This paper presents the algorithm which enables us to calculate core losses while the temperature is changing. Moreover, this method is effective regardless of soft magnetic material type and the flux waveforms as well as the DC bias condition. The application of scaling theory in the description of energy losses in soft magnetic materials justifies that soft magnetic materials are scaling invariant systems.
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