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This paper aims to propose an odor sensing system based on wide spectrum for e-nose, based on comprehensive analysis on the merits and drawbacks of current e-nose.

The wide spectral light is used as the sensing medium in the e-nose system based on continuous wide spectrum (CWS) odor sensing, and the sensing response of each sensing element is the change of light intensity distribution.

Experimental results not only verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system but also show the effectiveness of least square support vector machine (LSSVM) in eliminating system errors.

Theoretical model of the system was constructed, and experimental tests were carried out by using NO₂ and SO₂. System errors in the test data were eliminated using the LSSVM, and the preprocessed data were classified by euclidean distance to centroids (EDC), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), LSSVM, respectively.

The system not only has the advantages of current e-nose but also realizes expansion of sensing array by means of light source and the spectrometer with their wide spectrum, high resolution characteristics which improve the detection accuracy and realize real-time detection.

In order to meet the different quality of service (QoS) requirements of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and multiple vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links in vehicle networks, an efficient V2V spectrum access mechanism is proposed in this paper.

A long-short-term-memory-based multi-agent hybrid proximal policy optimization (LSTM-H-PPO) algorithm is proposed, through which the distributed spectrum access and continuous power control of V2V link are realized.

Simulation results show that compared with the baseline algorithm, the proposed algorithm has significant advantages in terms of total system capacity, payload delivery success rate of V2V link and convergence speed.

The LSTM layer uses the time sequence information to estimate the accurate system state, which ensures the choice of V2V spectrum access based on local observation effective. The hybrid PPO framework shares training parameters among agents which speeds up the entire training process. The proposed algorithm adopts the mode of centralized training and distributed execution, so that the agent can achieve the optimal spectrum access based on local observation information with less signaling overhead.

This article was developed to provide a viewpoint for the 10th Annual EABIS Colloquium on Strategic Innovation for Sustainability held at IMD in Lausanne, Switzerland on 3-4 July 2012.

The authors present a framework of three practices that must be applied to an ever-increasing degree along the spectrum of strategic innovation for sustainability.

To reap the benefits of innovation for sustainability, businesses need to adapt the type of innovation they aim for to their particular context. Three practices are crucial to the innovation process – i.e. an integrated approach, multiple partnerships and visionary leadership from the top. These practices address two of the main challenges companies face in innovating for sustainability, namely actively engaging with the wider dynamic context in which they operate, and spanning boundaries they are not used to crossing.

By analysing the specific context in which a business operates, it is possible to form a better idea of where on the spectrum a particular company may focus its efforts in order to have the greatest chances of success.

The analyses in this paper contribute to the debate and practical realisation of sustainable development.

While many studies distinguish between continuous versus discontinuous change as the two ends on a spectrum, the authors extend the spectrum to include three major points from incremental to radical to game-changing systemic innovation for sustainability. The three critical practices must be applied to an ever-increasing degree along the spectrum.

This paper aims to explore a new way to extract the fault feature of a rolling bearing signal on the basis of a combinatorial method.

By combining local mean decomposition (LMD) with Teager energy operator, a new feature-extraction method of a rolling bearing fault signal was proposed, called the LMD–Teager transform method. The principles and steps of method are presented, and the physical meaning of the time–frequency power spectrum and marginal spectrum is discussed. On the basis of comparison with the fast Fourier transform method, a simulated non-stationary signal was processed to verify the effect of the new method. Meanwhile, an analysis was conducted by using the recorded vibration signals which include inner race, out race and bearing ball fault signal.

The results show that the proposed method is more suitable for the non-stationary fault signal because the LMD–Teager transform method breaks through the difficulty of the Fourier transform method that can process only the stationary signal. The new method can extract more useful information and can provide better analysis accuracy and resolution compared with the traditional Fourier method.

Combining the advantage of the local mean decomposition and the Teager energy operator, the LMD–Teager method suits the nature of the fault signal. A marginal spectrum obtained from the LMD–Teager method minimizes the estimation bias brought about by the non-stationarity of the fault signal. So, the LMD–Teager transform has better analysis accuracy and resolution than the traditional Fourier method, which provides a good alternative for fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing.

The 1990s have seen wide‐ranging culture changes throughout the public sector, introducing a business focus and a customer‐led approach, resulting in the recognition that organisations must invest training and development in their greatest asset – their staff. In this context, there is a growing trend to use universities as external providers of training and development, reflecting the need for continuous professional development, for flexibility and for continuous adaptability to change. Explores a spectrum of partnership arrangements between universities and public sector organisations, and discusses the mutually beneficial outcomes which can result, including the development of continuous learning, culture change, organisational development initiatives and appropriate restructuring. Presents three case studies to illustrate these developmental partnerships and concludes by offering significant learning points to those public sector organisations planning similar partnerships to facilitate management development.

The present paper is intended to analyze time‐varying harmonic absorption of single‐phase non‐linear loads. To this aim, it is demonstrated that a continuous harmonic monitoring can be of a certain utility, since this practice allows a better characterization of harmonic spectra and an improved understanding of impact due to the various stages of typical operation. Some selected results obtained from a wide monitoring activity performed in a lab are reported in this paper. The results are relevant to NL appliances with power ratings ranging from less than 10 W to several hundred watts, such as desktop PC, printer (both laser and ink‐jet), cell phone battery charger, and photocopier. The data thus obtained have been processed in order to determine probability density functions and distribution functions well evidencing the time‐varying behavior of harmonic content of the absorbed current. Since a continuous harmonic monitoring allows to follow the nearly instantaneous evolution of the physical quantities (voltage and current) a cross‐correlation based analysis of the various harmonic quantities among themselves is more meaningful than the monitoring activities providing longer observation time windows (up to minutes). The results obtained with such calculations can provide good indications for determining the origin of the time‐varying behavior as evidenced.

An aspect of spectrum reform receiving increasing attention is the introduction of secondary markets for spectrum in order to enable more flexibility to reassign unused and underused spectrum to users that will use it more efficiently. This paper proposes to focus on the policy issues relating to the development of well‐functioning secondary markets for spectrum.

The paper reviews developments in the debate over secondary markets for spectrum. It draws together key elements from the academic literature, various government and government‐commissioned reports, and the practical experience of the few countries that have already introduced spectrum trading. There is considerable focus on concerns and potential costs relating to the introduction of spectrum trading and liberalisation. This has a constructive aim – to draw attention to the need to address such concerns in order to facilitate the development of spectrum trading.

While there is a persuasive case for spectrum trading, countries have been slow to introduce it because of a number of concerns. This paper identifies these concerns and the regulatory framework/policies needed to address them.

The paper distils the policy issues in the debate over spectrum trading and identifies the role that regulators will need to play in the introduction, facilitation and regulation of secondary markets for spectrum.

There is a widely held belief that open government data (OGD) have the potential to generate both economic and social value. This study aims to empirically unpack the relationship between OGD, diversification activities and innovation in the pursuit of economic value creation by firms.

Using a matched sample comparison method and difference-in-differences analyses, the authors study the impact of OGD on innovation over time in the USA. The authors considered the open government directive in the end of 2009 in the USA as a policy intervention and collected 10 years of financial data of 79 firms that use OGD and 79 matched control firms in the USA. The authors compare US firms using OGD, with matched control firms, regarding the firms’ level of product diversification as a measure of innovative use of OGD.

The authors provide empirical evidence that OGD policy contributes toward innovation, and hence economic value creation, through product diversification. Firms that leverage OGD show superior product diversification in comparison to the matching control firms. The results suggest that OGD contribute to firms’ innovation and pursuit of economic value, as evidenced by their increased product diversification.

Although the extant literature concerning OGD has underscored the impact of OGD on innovation and economic value generation, there is a lack of empirical evidence in the literature. This study seeks to add to the extant literature by providing empirical evidence that contributes to the understanding of the relationship between OGD, diversification and innovation in the pursuit of economic value creation.

Advancements in real-time water monitoring technologies permit rapid detection of water quality, and threats from waste loads. Water Framework Directive mandating the establishment of Member States’ water resources monitoring, presence of hazardous contaminants in effluents, and perception of vulnerability of water distribution system to attacks, have spurred technical and economic interests. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

As alternative to traditional analyzers, chemosensors, operate according to physical principles, without sample collection (online), and are capable of supplying parameter values continuously and in real-time. Their low selectivity and stability issues have been overcome by technological developments. This review paper contains a comprehensive survey of existing and expected online monitoring technologies for measurement/detection of pollutants in water.

The state-of-the-art in online water monitoring is presented. Application examples are reported. Monitoring costs will become a lesser part of a water utility budget due to the fact that automation and technological simplification will abate human cost factors, and reduce the complexity of laboratory procedures.

An overview of applicable instrumentation, and forthcoming developments, is given. Technological development in this field is very rapid, and astonishing advances are anticipated in several areas (fingerprinting, optochemical sensors, biosensors, molecular techniques). Online monitoring is becoming an ever-important tool not only for compliance control or plant management purposes, but also as a useful approach to pollution control and reduction, minimizing the environmental impact of discharges.