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Article
Publication date: 7 April 2023

Asif Iqbal Fazili, Asif Hamid Charag, Irfan Bashir, Ahmed Abdulaziz Alshiha and Maraj Rahman Sofi

This study aims to extend the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to develop finer understanding about tourist’s attitude and intention towards visiting a politically unstable and…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to extend the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to develop finer understanding about tourist’s attitude and intention towards visiting a politically unstable and conflict-ridden destination such as Kashmir.

Design/methodology/approach

A research instrument adapted from previous studies is administered on 490 tourists. The data collected is subjected to exploratory factor analysis followed by structural equation modelling using SPSS and AMOS. The study tests and validates a more robust behavioural prediction model grounded on the TPB.

Findings

The results of the study found that the tourists’ destination choice intention in a politically sensitive area such as Jammu and Kashmir is collectively determined by perceived destination attractiveness, perceived destination image, familiarity with place, media exposure and perceived value. However, quite interestingly, perceived risk and attitude were found to be insignificant determinants of choice intentionality.

Research limitations/implications

The study empirically validates extended TPB to predict tourist behaviour in a politically sensitive setting. Furthermore, the study provides vital inputs to the destination managers, policy makers and practitioners to develop strategies to enhance destination image and attractiveness. Although the study provides critical insights into the tourist’s decision-making process, nonetheless, certain limitations, such as restricted geographical approach, convenience sampling and ignoring the inter-group variations, warrant attention.

Originality/value

The study is essentially a pioneering effort in applying an integrated TPB model in determining destination choice intentionality in a politically sensitive region of Jammu and Kashmir. The region has the potential to be one of the best destinations in the world. Therefore, studying the tourist perceptions and attitudes and intention towards Kashmir could help the local government and other destination management organizations in charting future courses of action.

研究目的

本研究旨在扩展计划行为理论(TPB), 以便更深入地了解游客对以克什米尔为例的政治动荡、冲突不断型旅游目的地的态度和意向。

研究设计/研究方法

基于以往研究, 本文修订开发了适用于本研究的研究工具, 并据此采集了490个游客样本。运用SPSS软件和AMOS软件, 本研究对样本数据进行了结构方程建模, 并以此进行探索性因子分析。本研究检验并验证了基于计划行为理论(TPB)的更有力的行为预测模型。

研究结果

研究发现对于查谟和克什米尔这类政治敏感的目的地, 游客的目的地选择意向由目的地感知吸引力、目的地感知形象、感知价值、媒体曝光度和游客对地方的熟悉程度共同决定。研究还有一项有趣的发现:感知风险和态度对游客的目的地选择意向的影响并不显著。

研究局限性/意义

研究实证检验了扩展计划行为理论对政治敏感环境下游客行为的预测作用, 为目的地管理人员、政策制定人员和从业人员等提升目的地形象和吸引力提供了重要参考。然而, 尽管本研究揭示了游客的决策行为过程, 但研究结论仍受限于以下几点:单一的地理研究方法、方便抽样法、忽视了群体间的差异。

研究创新/意义

本文开创性地利用扩展的计划行为理论模型研究游客对政治敏感地区——查谟和克什米尔的选择意向。克什米尔地区有潜力成为全球最佳的旅游目的地之一, 因此研究游客对该地区的感知、态度和意向对于当地政府和其他管理组织制定未来的行动方案具有重要意义。

Objetivo

Este estudio se centra en extender la teoría del comportamiento planificado para una mejor comprensión de la actitud y la intención de los turistas de visitar un destino políticamente inestable y conflictivo como Kashmir.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se administró un cuestionario adaptado de estudios previos a 490 turistas. Los datos recogidos se analizaron mediante análisis factorial exploratorio seguido de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mediante SPSS y AMOS. El estudio prueba y valida un modelo de predicción de comportamiento más robusto basado en la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB).

Conclusiones

Los resultados del estudio muestran que la intención de elección del destino en un área políticamente sensible como Jammu y Kashmir está determinada conjuntamente por el atractivo percibido del destino, la imagen percibida del destino, la familiaridad con el lugar, la exposición a los medios y el valor percibido. Sin embargo, el riesgo percibido y la actitud resultaron ser determinantes no significativos de la intencionalidad de elección.

Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación

El estudio valida empíricamente la TPB ampliada para predecir el comportamiento de los turistas en un entorno políticamente sensible. Además, el estudio proporciona información relevante a los gestores de destinos, los responsables políticos y los profesionales para desarrollar estrategias que mejoren la imagen y el atractivo de los destinos. Aunque el estudio proporciona una visión crítica del proceso de toma de decisiones del turista, ciertas limitaciones, como el enfoque geográfico restringido, el muestreo de conveniencia y el hecho de ignorar las variaciones intergrupales, merecen atención.

Originalidad/valor

La investigación presenta un esfuerzo pionero en la aplicación de un modelo TPB integrado que determina la intencionalidad de la elección del destino en una región políticamente sensible de Jammu y Kashmir. La región tiene potencial para ser uno de los mejores destinos del mundo. Por consiguiente, el estudio de las percepciones, actitudes e intención de los turistas hacia Kashmir podría ayudar al gobierno local y a otras organizaciones de gestión de destinos a trazar acciones futuras.

Article
Publication date: 26 September 2023

Mahmoud Abou Kamar, Azza Maher, Islam Elbayoumi Salem and Ahmed Mohamed Elbaz

This study used an integrated model that incorporates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to empirically investigate how…

Abstract

Purpose

This study used an integrated model that incorporates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to empirically investigate how eco-gamification stimulates users' sustainability knowledge and, consequently, their pro-sustainable intentions through the mediating roles of sustainable knowledge and psychological and social norms. Thus, the study aims to examine users'’ experiences with the JouleBug app, which is designed to encourage users to complete at least one daily green task.

Design/methodology/approach

After a trial period of two weeks, a total of 360 participants completed the post-game survey during the research process.

Findings

The findings from the structural equation modeling and data analysis indicated a good fit for the model. The findings demonstrate that usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment of eco-gamification enrich users' sustainability knowledge, which, in turn, strongly influences their pro-sustainable intentions. According to the findings, the three factors of TPB have a significant impact on users' pro-sustainability intentions. Both sustainable knowledge and social cues play mediating roles in such relationships.

Practical implications

This study advocates that eco-gamification can be used as a platform to modify tourists’ pro-sustainability intentions in emerging tourism and technology destinations such as Egypt. Hence, this study offers significant information to tourism planners and other stakeholders on tourists’ behavioural intentions.

Originality/value

This study examined the effectiveness of an integrated model of TAM and TBP in predicting tourists’ intentions to use eco-gamification to improve the sustainability of tourist destinations.

目的

本研究采用结合技术接受模型(TAM)和计划行为理论(TPB)的综合模型, 旨在探究生态游戏化如何提升用户对可持续性的认知, 从而影响他们支持环保行为的意愿。通过研究可持续性知识以及心理和社会规范在其中的中介作用来实现这一目标。因此, 本研究调查了用户使用JouleBug应用程序的体验, 该应用程序旨在鼓励用户每天完成至少一个环保任务。

设计/方法/步骤

在为期两周的试验期后, 共有360名参与者在研究过程中完成了后测问卷调查。

研究结果

通过结构方程模型和数据分析, 研究结果表明模型拟合良好。研究发现, 生态游戏化的实用性、易用性和乐趣能够丰富用户的可持续性知识, 从而强烈影响他们支持可持续性的意愿。研究结果还显示, 计划行为理论(TPB)的三个因素对用户的支持可持续性意愿有显著影响。可持续性知识和社会提示在这些关系中发挥着中介作用。

实际意义

本研究主张, 生态游戏化可以作为一个平台, 用于引导游客在埃及等新兴旅游和科技目的地中支持可持续性的意愿。因此, 该研究为旅游规划者和其他利益相关者提供了有关游客行为意向的重要信息。

创新性/价值

本研究考察了TAM和TPB综合模型在预测游客使用生态游戏化改善旅游目的地可持续性意愿方面的有效性。

Finalidad

Este estudio utilizó un modelo integrado que combina el Modelo de Aceptación Tecnológica (TAM) y la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB) para investigar cómo la eco-gamificación aumenta el conocimiento de los usuarios sobre la sostenibilidad y, en consecuencia, sus intenciones para actuar favorablemente en el medio ambiente. Esto se logró analizando cómo el conocimiento sostenible y las normas psicológicas y sociales actuaban como mediadores. Para ello, la investigación examina las experiencias de los usuarios con la aplicación JouleBug, diseñada para fomentar que los usuarios realicen al menos una tarea verde diaria.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Tras un período de prueba de dos semanas, un total de 360 participantes completaron la encuesta posterior al juego durante el proceso de investigación.

Resultados

Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y análisis de datos indicaron un buen ajuste del modelo. Los resultaros evidencian que la utilidad, facilidad de uso y disfrute de la eco-gamificación enriquecen el conocimiento de sostenibilidad de los usuarios y, a su vez, influye significativamente en sus intenciones pro-sostenibilidad. Conforme a los resultados, los tres factores de la TPB tienen un impacto significativo en las intenciones pro-sostenibilidad de los usuarios. Tanto el conocimiento sostenible como las señales sociales desempeñan roles mediadores en estas relaciones.

Implicaciones prácticas

Este estudio aboga por el uso de la eco-gamificación como una plataforma para modificar las intenciones pro-sostenibilidad de los turistas en destinos emergentes de turismo y tecnología, como Egipto. Por tanto, esta investigación proporciona información significativa para los planificadores de turismo y otros interesados en las intenciones conductuales de los turistas.

Originalidad/valor

Este estudio examinó la eficacia de un modelo integrado de TAM y TPB para predecir las intenciones de los turistas de utilizar la eco-gamificación para mejorar la sostenibilidad de los destinos turísticos.

Content available
Article
Publication date: 10 April 2024

Ji Shi, Minwoo Lee, V.G. Girish, Guangyu Xiao and Choong-Ki Lee

This study aims to investigate tourists attitudes and intentions regarding the usage of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) for accessing tourism information…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate tourists attitudes and intentions regarding the usage of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) for accessing tourism information. Furthermore, by integrating the perceived risks associated with ChatGPT and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this research examines the impact of three types of perceived risks, such as privacy risk, accuracy risk and overreliance risk, on tourists behavioral intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered for this study by using two online survey platforms, thus resulting in a sample of 536 respondents. The online survey questionnaire assessed tourists perceived risks, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention and demographic information related to their usage of ChatGPT.

Findings

The structural equation modeling analysis revealed that tourists express concerns about the associated risks of using ChatGPT to search for tourism information, specifically privacy risk, accuracy risk and overreliance risk. It was found that perceived risks significantly influence tourists attitude and intention toward the usage of ChatGPT, which is consistent with the hypotheses proposed in previous literature regarding tourists perceived risks of ChatGPT.

Research limitations/implications

This work is a preliminary empirical study that assesses tourists behavioral intention toward the use of ChatGPT in the field of tourism. Previous research has remained at the hypothetical level, speculating about the impact of ChatGPT on the tourism industry. This study investigates the behavioral intention of tourists who have used ChatGPT to search for travel information. Furthermore, this study provides evidence based on the outcome of this research and offers theoretical foundations for the sustainable development of generative AI in the tourism domain. This study has limitations in that it primarily focused on exploring the risks associated with ChatGPT and did not extensively investigate its range of benefits.

Practical implications

First, to address privacy concerns that pose significant challenges for chatbots various measures, such as data encryption, secure storage and obtaining user consent, are crucial. Second, despite concerns and uncertainties, the introduction of ChatGPT holds promising prospects for the tourism industry. By offering personalized recommendations and enhancing operational efficiency, ChatGPT has the potential to revolutionize travel experiences. Finally, recognizing the potential of ChatGPT in enhancing customer service and operational efficiency is crucial for tourism enterprises.

Social implications

Recognizing the potential of ChatGPT in enhancing customer service and operational efficiency is crucial for tourism enterprises. As their interest in adopting ChatGPT grows, increased investments and resources will be dedicated to developing and implementing ChatGPT solutions. This enhancement may involve creating customized ChatGPT solutions and actively engaging in training and development programs to empower employees in effectively using ChatGPTs capabilities. Such initiatives can contribute to improved customer service and overall operations within the tourism industry.

Originality/value

This study integrates TPB with perceived risks in ChatGPT, thus providing empirical evidence. It highlights the importance of considering perceived risks in tourists intentions and contributes to the sustainable development of generative AI in tourism. As such, it provides valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers.

研究目的

本研究旨在调查游客对使用ChatGPT获取旅游信息的态度和意向。此外, 通过将与ChatGPT相关的感知风险与计划行为理论(TPB)相结合, 本研究探讨了三种感知风险(隐私风险、准确性风险和过度依赖风险)对游客行为意向的影响。

研究方法

本研究通过两个在线调查平台收集了536名受访者的数据。在线调查问卷评估了游客对ChatGPT使用的感知风险、态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、行为意向以及与其使用ChatGPT相关的人口统计信息。

研究发现

结构方程建模分析显示, 游客对使用ChatGPT搜索旅游信息的相关风险表示关切, 特别是隐私风险、准确性风险和过度依赖风险。发现感知风险显著影响游客对使用ChatGPT的态度和意向, 与先前有关游客对ChatGPT感知风险的文献中提出的假设一致。

研究创新

本研究将TPB与ChatGPT中的感知风险相结合, 提供了实证证据。它强调了在考虑游客意向时考虑感知风险的重要性, 并为旅游中生成AI的可持续发展提供了贡献。因此, 它为从业者和政策制定者提供了宝贵的见解。

Details

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9880

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 30 November 2023

Mert Öğretmenoğlu, Kartal Doğukan Çıkı, Orhan Akova and Rob Law

This study aims to explore the relationships amongst football fans’ travel motivations (FFTMs), their satisfaction (SAT), their perceived destination image (PDI) and their…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationships amongst football fans’ travel motivations (FFTMs), their satisfaction (SAT), their perceived destination image (PDI) and their behavioural intentions (BIs). On the other hand, the mediating effects of SAT on the relationships among FFTMs, PDI and BIs are analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach

An approach based on a quantitative research method was used, and the data were gathered from Italian and British tourists who visited Istanbul, aiming to attend the Champions League Final match of Manchester City versus Inter Milan.

Findings

Based on 277 applicable surveys, Smart-PLS was conducted to test the conceptual model. The results indicated positive and meaningful relationships amongst FFTMs, SAT, PDI and Bis. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that the effect of FFTMs and PDI on BIs is mediated by SAT.

Originality/value

This research makes a contribution to the football tourism literature by first examining the theory of planned behaviour in conjunction with FFTMs, SAT, PDI and BIs. Furthermore, the findings of this study could offer valuable insights to assist tourism marketers in gaining a deeper understanding of FFTMs, BIs, SAT and PDI.

研究目的

本研究探讨了足球迷的旅行动机、满意度 (SAT)、感知目的地形象 (PDI) 和旅游后行为(BI) 之间的关系。 另一方面, 分析了 SAT 对 FFTMs、PDI 和 BIs 之间关系的中介效应。

研究设计/方法

采用定量研究方法, 数据收集对象为前往伊斯坦布尔观看曼城对阵国际米兰的欧洲冠军联赛决赛的意大利和英国游客。

研究结果

基于 277 份调查问卷, 采用Smart-PLS对概念模型进行了检验。 结果表明, 足球迷的旅行动机、满意度、目的地形象感知及旅游后行为之间存在积极且有意义的关系。此外, 结果还表明, FFTMs 和 PDI 对 BIs 的影响是由 SAT 介导的。

原创性/价值

这项研究首先将计划行为理论与 FFTMs、SAT、PDI 和 BIs 结合起来进行检验, 为足球旅游文献做出了贡献。

Objetivo

Este estudio explora las relaciones entre las motivaciones de viaje de los aficionados al fútbol (FFTM), su satisfacción (SAT), su imagen percibida del destino (PDI) y sus intenciones de comportamiento (BI). Por otra parte, se analizan los efectos mediadores de la SAT en las relaciones entre las FFTM, la PDI y las BI.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque:

Se adoptó un enfoque de investigación cuantitativa y se recopilaron datos de turistas italianos y británicos que visitaron Estambul con el objetivo de asistir al partido de la final de la Liga de Campeones entre el Manchester City y el Inter de Milán.

Resultados

Sobre la base de 277 encuestas aplicables, se llevó a cabo un PLS-Smart para probar el modelo conceptual. Los resultados indicaron relaciones positivas y significativas entre los FFTM, el SAT, el PDI y los BI. Además, los resultados también demostraron que el efecto de los FFTM y el PDI sobre las BI está mediado por el SAT.

Originalidad/valor

Esta investigación contribuye a la literatura sobre el turismo futbolístico al examinar por primera vez la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado en conjunción con los FFTM, el SAT, el PDI y las BI. Además, los resultados de este estudio podrían ofrecer ideas valiosas para ayudar a los profesionales del marketing turístico a comprender mejor los FFTM, los BI, el SAT y el PDI.

Article
Publication date: 31 October 2023

Jiale Zhang, Farzana Quoquab and Jihad Mohammad

Guided by the self-determination theory and theory of planned behaviour, this study aims to examine the determinants of participating in metaverse tourism for Gen Z and Gen Y.

Abstract

Purpose

Guided by the self-determination theory and theory of planned behaviour, this study aims to examine the determinants of participating in metaverse tourism for Gen Z and Gen Y.

Design/methodology/approach

The cross-sectional method was used to collect data from 248 respondents from Gen Z and Gen Y tourists. The research model was evaluated using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The PLS-SEM results supported the positive effect of attitude and perceived behavioural control on tourists’ intention to participate in the metaverse tourism. In addition, the crucial role of intrinsic motivation in raising individuals’ cognitive beliefs about metaverse tourism was confirmed.

Originality/value

In addition to the theoretical contributions, the findings provide several managerial implications for tourism practitioners, scholars and metaverse developers to help them make insightful decisions and promote the development of metaverse tourism.

目的

在自我决定理论和计划行为理论的指导下, 本研究探讨了Z世代和Y世代参与元宇宙旅游的决定因素。

设计/方法论/方法

采用横截面法收集了248名Z世代和Y世代游客的数据。采用偏最小二乘-结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对模型进行了分析。

结果

PLS-SEM结果支持态度和感知行为控制对游客参与元宇宙旅游意愿的积极影响。此外, 内在动机在提高个人对元宇宙旅游的认知信念方面的关键作用也得到了证实。

原创性/价值

本文为旅游从业者、学者和元宇宙旅游开发商提供了一些管理启示, 帮助他们做决策, 促进元宇宙旅游的发展。

Propósito

Guiado por la teoría de la autodeterminación y la teoría del comportamiento planificado, este estudio examina los determinantes de la participación en el turismo del Metaverso para la Generación Z y la Generación Y.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se utilizó el método transversal para recopilar datos de 248 turistas encuestados de la Generación Z y la Generación Y. El modelo de investigación se evaluó utilizando la metodología de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM).

Hallazgos

Los resultados del PLS-SEM respaldan el efecto positivo de la actitud y el control percibido del comportamiento en la intención de los turistas de participar en el turismo en el metaverso. Además, se confirma el crucial papel, de la motivación intrínseca a la hora de elevar las creencias cognitivas de los individuos sobre el turismo del metaverso.

Originalidad/valor

Además de las contribuciones teóricas, los hallazgos proporcionan varias implicaciones empresariales para los profesionales del turismo, académicos y desarrolladores de Metaverso para ayudarles a tomar decisiones perspicaces y promover el desarrollo de este turismo.

Article
Publication date: 25 July 2023

Zhiqi Lin and S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh

Combining technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, this study aims to analyze influencing factors on intention of sharing heritage tourism experience in…

Abstract

Purpose

Combining technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, this study aims to analyze influencing factors on intention of sharing heritage tourism experience in social media from technological, psychological and experience perspectives. The moderating effects of age and gender are also tested.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies a quantitative method using online questionnaires. A total number of 323 questionnaires are collected. The data are analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling to assess measurement and structural models and multi-group analysis to compare differences among age and gender groups.

Findings

The results of this study indicate that subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and tourism experience significantly and positively influence the intention of sharing heritage tourism experience in social media, while the effects of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude are non-significant. Results reveal the differences in antecedents of sharing heritage tourism experience in social media between males and females and between younger and older tourists.

Originality/value

Developing a model integrating technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior, this paper analyzes the intention of sharing heritage tourism experience in social media through technological, psychological and tourism experience perspectives. Besides, heterogeneous comparisons between younger and older tourists and between males and females offer significant academic and practical insights.

研究目的

本研究结合技术接受模型(TAM)和计划行为理论(TPB), 旨在从技术、心理和体验的角度分析在社交媒体上分享文化遗产旅游体验意愿的影响因素, 同时还测试了年龄和性别的调节效应。

研究方法

本研究采用定量方法, 使用在线问卷进行调查。共收集到323份问卷。使用PLS-SEM来评估测量和结构模型, 使用多组分析(MGA)来比较不同年龄和性别组之间的差异。

研究发现

结果表明, 主观规范、感知行为控制和旅游体验对在社交媒体上分享文化遗产旅游体验的意愿有显著的正向影响, 而感知有用性、感知易用性和态度的影响是不显著的。结果揭示了男性和女性以及年轻游客和老年游客之间在社交媒体上分享文化遗产旅游体验前因的差异。

研究创新/价值

本文开发了一个整合了TAM和TPB的模型, 通过技术、心理和旅游体验的视角分析了在社交媒体上分享文化遗产旅游体验的意愿。此外, 对年轻游客和老年游客以及男性和女性之间的异质比较提供了重要的学术和实践见解。

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