Search results

The purpose of the paper is to present an update and the latest results from work on a project which could be useful for maskless printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing.

Copper is plated and etched using a novel electrochemical technique, electrochemical patterning by flow and chemistry, using a masked tool and fully exposed substrate. The micro patterns on the tool are replicated on the substrate via optimum design of the apparatus, choice of electrolyte chemistry and fluid flow.

Linear and square shapes ranging from 5 to 200 μm are transferred using the technique by electrochemical plating and etching. Up to 25 substrates could be processed using a single tool, which indicates that photolithography requirements can be greatly minimised.

The copper lines are transferred to relatively small substrates. The process needs to be scaled up to accommodate larger substrates in order to fully exploit its potential for PCBs.

The paper presents a fundamentally different approach to transfer micron scale pattern using a maskless technology. The platform technology involves using a mask to pattern each substrate; this work shows that micron scale patterns can be transferred without masking by optimising electrochemical reactor technology.

Discusses the process of change in an organisation via learning. Comments on developing and checking out the vision needed which leads to a strategic plan and the sorting out of a sequence of events to achieve it. Looks at the learning culture combined with the approach taken to management development within that culture. Concludes that only by developing breadth in its education can an organisation develop executives that have the vision, foresight, planning, will, adaptability, social skills and stamina to succeed.

Looks at the link between learning and organisational culture. Notes that it is people within organisations who learn, not the organisation itself. Describes the process of learning and links motivation, learning and change. Concludes with the need for an organisation to develop a learning culture not just in the lecture rooms but throughout the work‐place itself.

This investigation aims to highlight the need for the information professions globally to value diverse knowledge paradigms in a world where people from diverse cultures and backgrounds interact with information on a daily basis. We provide examples from the Library and Information Science (LIS) profession in New Zealand which has been shaped by socially and culturally inclusive education and practices which take into account diverse ways of knowing and understanding the world and information.

An investigation into socially and culturally inclusive LIS education initiatives worldwide contextualizes a discussion of current LIS curricula in New Zealand and their delivery. The achievements and challenges in LIS education, the library profession, and library service are considered alongside the rich and varied nature of New Zealand society and the provision and accessibility of library services.

LIS education is at the start of this process, and New Zealand education providers promote a range of socially and culturally inclusive practices within their programs resulting in LIS graduates who are equipped to make ongoing contributions to an inclusive society through their professional work. We conclude that these three inseparable components of LIS in New Zealand result in social and cultural inclusion, but can always be further enhanced.

This chapter draws attention to the absence of consideration for non-Western knowledge paradigms in LIS curricula worldwide, and brings together diverse examples, mandating for library services and a library profession that reflect the rich social and cultural makeup of the communities we serve. We conclude that three inseparable components of LIS in New Zealand result in social and cultural inclusion, and there is always opportunity for further enhancement.

This chapter discusses some of the challenges faced by tribal libraries. Considering the information provided throughout the rest of this volume, it is clear that some of the core issues—such as poor broadband availability, difficulties in achieving economies of scale, and barriers to collaboration—are shared between tribal institutions and rural libraries throughout the United States.

The chapter presents a brief review of the literature on tribal libraries, establishing how they compare with rural public libraries in the United States. The remainder of the chapter is designed as a conversation piece, with responses from interviews with librarians from two tribal libraries detailing how the challenges faced by these outlets parallel those faced by America’s rural libraries.

• Tribal libraries face obstacles that are common among nontribal rural public libraries, such as poor broadband Internet availability, lack of funding, and geographic barriers that limit patron access.

• Although public libraries exist in some tribal communities, other forms of libraries and cultural heritage institutions often fill the service roles that public libraries occupy in nontribal communities.

• Public-oriented information institutions in tribal communities commonly preserve and promote tribal heritage, often as one of their primary purposes. Considering that this is often achieved on limited budgets, further documentation of these efforts could be useful for guiding nontribal rural public libraries that wish to do more to preserve and promote their local cultural heritage.

Tribal libraries face obstacles that are common among nontribal rural public libraries, such as poor broadband Internet availability, lack of funding, and geographic barriers that limit patron access.

Although public libraries exist in some tribal communities, other forms of libraries and cultural heritage institutions often fill the service roles that public libraries occupy in nontribal communities.

Public-oriented information institutions in tribal communities commonly preserve and promote tribal heritage, often as one of their primary purposes. Considering that this is often achieved on limited budgets, further documentation of these efforts could be useful for guiding nontribal rural public libraries that wish to do more to preserve and promote their local cultural heritage.

This study creates bridges between rural public libraries in the United States and tribal libraries, which are commonly studied as two separate phenomena. Although the authors document how these types of institutions differ from each other in significant ways, barriers of broadband access, geographic isolation, and lack of funding are common across both rural and tribal libraries. The information provided in this chapter shows that both types of institutions need solutions for similar problems.

The county town of Berkshire—Reading—is a lively blend of old and new. Now a thriving industrial centre in the ‘Golden Belt’ which stretches westwards from London on both sides of the M4 motorway, it enjoys a reputation for its fine university as well as its industry. A modern shopping zone contrasts with the attractions of greater interest for art and history lovers, such as museums and art galleries, and the ruins of the Norman Abbey founded in 1121, where Henry 1 lies buried. For the literary record, Oscar Wilde wrote his famous ‘Ballad of Reading Gaol’ and ‘De Profundis’ during his imprisonment in the town. Scenically, too, the Thames Valley hinterland has much to recommend it—leafy lanes, country walks, historic houses.

July 28, 1970 Factory — Statutory duty — Breach — Lighting — Maintenance — Kiln roof satisfactorily lit unless corner lamp out — Corner lamp control at ground level — Workman turning out lamp for own use and not relighting — Whether negligent act for which employers liable — Whether effective provision for lighting maintenance, — Factories Act, 1961 ( 9 & 10 Eliz. II, c.34), ss. 5 (1), 29(1).

Sections of the world's population have always been short of food, the menace of famine ever present. Among primitive peoples, the search for food is their greatest preoccupation. In the years before the first Great War, in the civilised countries of the west, including our own, the persistent poverty of the casual and unskilled workers, helped and held to a permanent state in so many cases by improvidence, was often stretched to near‐starvation, and with few agencies really capable of affording adequate relief. Families went short of food for fairly long periods, especially in the industrial areas and towns and this during times when a dozen stale loaves could be bought for a shilling and a pint of skimmed milk for a halfpenny. In the rural areas, nature helped a little and the country folk could talk of the pleasurable flavour of a rook pie and comb the hedgerows for edible roots, but here too were the cruel flashes when men went to prison for snaring a rabbit on private land or stealing a few swedes from a farmer's clamp.

The purpose of this research is to conduct a literature review on the evolution, antecedents, and outcomes of luxury consumption (LC). To accomplish our goal, we used a combination of bibliometrics and systematic approaches to review 165 articles published between 1998 and 2019. The investigation revealed that the evolution of LC is mostly driven by consumer motivation and is influenced by cultural and psychological variables. Furthermore, we explored the aforementioned antecedents of LC along four major axes. Antecedents related to (1) individual characteristics, (2) brand components, (3) cultural and social values, and (4) organizational strategies. Furthermore, based on the outcomes of LC, we found two categories (individual traits and social values). The chapter concludes by proposing a broader research agenda for the future.