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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1995

Spreadsheet simulation of a queue with arrivals from a finite population: The machine repair problem

Kala Chand Seal

Demonstrates the application of spreadsheets in simulating queuingsystems with arrivals from a finite population. The problem is referredto as the machine repair problem…

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Abstract

Demonstrates the application of spreadsheets in simulating queuing systems with arrivals from a finite population. The problem is referred to as the machine repair problem where the members of the queue are machines that are breaking down and the servers are the technicians repairing the broken machines. The total number of machines are finite and pre‐specified. The technique for the development of the simulation is illustrated with six machines. Describes the approach for developing a generalized simulation model with any number of machines.

Details

International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 15 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579510090372
ISSN: 0144-3577

Keywords

  • Queues
  • Simulation
  • Spreadsheets

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1992

Following the Exel route

Ralph Drew

Discusses a programme embarked upon by Exel Logistics aimed atimproving the effectiveness of the drivers engaged in one of its majorstore delivery contracts. Examines the…

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Abstract

Discusses a programme embarked upon by Exel Logistics aimed at improving the effectiveness of the drivers engaged in one of its major store delivery contracts. Examines the Standard Hour Plan developed by DMA (the specialist consultants involved) and how the programme specifically met the needs of that particular contract.

Details

Work Study, vol. 41 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000002672
ISSN: 0043-8022

Keywords

  • Consultants
  • Contracts
  • Delivery performance
  • Logistics
  • Scheduling
  • Performance management
  • Time management

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Book part
Publication date: 5 August 2019

When Hate Circulates on Campus to Uphold Free Speech

Jessica Johnson

On Inauguration Day 2017, Milo Yiannopoulos gave a talk sponsored by the University of Washington College Republicans entitled “Cyberbullying Isn’t Real.” This chapter is…

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Abstract

On Inauguration Day 2017, Milo Yiannopoulos gave a talk sponsored by the University of Washington College Republicans entitled “Cyberbullying Isn’t Real.” This chapter is based on participant-observation conducted in the crowd outside the venue that night and analyzes the violence that occurs when the blurring of the boundaries between “free” and “hate” speech is enacted on the ground. This ethnographic examination rethinks relationships between law, bodies, and infrastructure as it considers debates over free speech on college campuses from the perspectives of legal and public policy, as well as those who supported and protested Yiannopoulos’s right to speak at the University of Washington. First, this analysis uses ethnographic research to critique the absolutist free speech argument presented by the legal scholars Erwin Chemerinsky and Howard Gillman. Second, this essay uses the theoretical work of Judith Butler and Sara Ahmed to make claims concerning relationships between speech, vulnerability, and violence. In so doing, this chapter argues that debates over free speech rights on college campuses need to be situated by processes of neoliberalization in higher education and reconsidered in light of the ways in which an absolutist position disproportionately protects certain people at the expense of certain others.

Details

Studies in Law, Politics, and Society
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1059-433720190000080005
ISBN: 978-1-83867-058-0

Keywords

  • Free speech
  • hate speech
  • censorship
  • neoliberalization
  • affect
  • vulnerability

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Article
Publication date: 21 February 2020

Long-term unemployment: A question of skill obsolescence (updating existing skills) or technological shift (acquiring new skills)?

Emmanuel Apergis and Nicholas Apergis

This paper empirically explores the role of skill losses during unemployment behind firms' behaviour in interviewing long-term unemployed

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper empirically explores the role of skill losses during unemployment behind firms' behaviour in interviewing long-term unemployed

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis makes use of the Work Employment Relations Survey in the UK, while it applies a panel probit modelling approach to estimate the empirical findings.

Findings

The findings document that skill losses during long-term unemployment reduce the likelihood of an interview, while they emphasize the need for certain policies that could compensate for this deterioration of skills. For robustness check, the estimation strategy survives the examination of the same predictors under different types of the working environment.

Originality/value

The original values of the work 1 combines for the first time both duration and technology as predictors of interview probability. Until now, the independent variables were used to test whether an individual has managed to exit unemployment, thus skipping the step of the interview process.

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 47 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-12-2018-0424
ISSN: 0144-3585

Keywords

  • Long-term unemployed
  • Probability of interviewing
  • Labour skills
  • UK
  • C33
  • J20

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Article
Publication date: 2 October 2017

Some surprising facts about working time accounts and the business cycle in Germany

Almut Balleer, Britta Gehrke and Christian Merkl

Working time accounts (WTAs) allow firms to smooth hours worked over time. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether this increase in flexibility has also affected…

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Abstract

Purpose

Working time accounts (WTAs) allow firms to smooth hours worked over time. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether this increase in flexibility has also affected how firms adjust employment in Germany over the business cycle.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses rich microeconomic panel data and fixed effects estimations to compare the employment adjustment of firms with and without WTAs.

Findings

The authors show that firms with WTAs show a similar separation and hiring behavior in response to revenue changes as firms without WTAs. One possible explanation is that firms without WTAs used short-time work (STW) to adjust hours worked instead. However, the authors find that firms with WTAs use STW more than firms without WTAs.

Originality/value

These findings call into question the popular hypothesis that WTAs were the key driver of the unusually small increase in German unemployment in the Great Recession.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 38 no. 7
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2017-0100
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

  • Business cycles
  • Short-time work
  • Working time accounts
  • E20
  • E24
  • J20
  • J30

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Article
Publication date: 5 November 2018

The matching process before and after the crisis in the Netherlands

Pablo de Pedraza, Kea Tijdens and Stefano Visintin

The purpose of this paper is to explore the matching process before and after the Great Recession in the Netherlands. The Dutch case is interesting because it is…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the matching process before and after the Great Recession in the Netherlands. The Dutch case is interesting because it is characterised by increasing matching efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses data from 2001 to 2014 to study the Dutch labour market matching process accounting for the three labour market states and their heterogeneities.

Findings

The elasticity of hires with respect to the short-term employed was significant, positive and countercyclical, while elasticities relating to new entrants were procyclical. The matching function (MF) displays constant returns to scale (CRTS) when using an alternative labour supply (LS) measure that includes the short-term employed as jobseekers. The findings are at odds with the idea of mismatch and a shortage of skills. Search frictions for employers were lower and vacancies were filled faster. This can be related to the fact that in a loose labour market context with increasing short-term employment, employers increase their hiring of employed workers which generates negative externalities on unemployed.

Originality/value

The implications concern the specification of the MF and the CRTS assumption when using unemployment as a LS measure.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 39 no. 8
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-10-2018-0329
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

  • Great Recession
  • Beveridge curve
  • Matching function
  • Matching efficiency
  • J20-22-23
  • J60-63-64
  • E24

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Article
Publication date: 9 April 2018

Trade liberalization and gender inequality: role of social norms

Ujjaini Mukhopadhyay

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of trade liberalization on gender earning differentials and female labour force participation by considering the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of trade liberalization on gender earning differentials and female labour force participation by considering the interaction between changes in relative wages, intra-household bargaining power and social norms.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-sector general equilibrium model is developed where female labour supply is determined as a collective household decision and depends on male and female wages and intra-household power distribution. On the other hand, the effect of power distribution on female labour supply depends on social norms.

Findings

Comparative static analysis shows that a tariff cut may reduce female labour force participation and widen gender earning inequality if (i) the agricultural sector is more male labour-intensive than the informal sector, and the marginal utility of the woman from household work is higher than that of the man or (ii) the agricultural sector is more female labour-intensive than the informal sector, and the marginal utility of the woman’s household work is higher to the man than the woman. Policies to raise the empowerment of women might lead to favourable labour market outcomes for women if the marginal utility of the woman’s household work is higher to the man than the woman irrespective of the factor intensity condition.

Research limitations/implications

The results signify that the effect of trade liberalization hinges on both factor intensity conditions and the relative work preferences of women vis-à-vis men, which in turn is shaped by social norms.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the scant theoretical literature on labour market consequences of trade liberalization by considering the gender equality implications of trade liberalization from a supply side perspective. The results of the model are used to explain the recent gendered labour market consequences in India in the aftermath of trade liberalization.

Details

Indian Growth and Development Review, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IGDR-07-2017-0051
ISSN: 1753-8254

Keywords

  • Social norm
  • Female labour force participation
  • Gender earning differential
  • Intrahousehold power distribution
  • D50
  • F16
  • J16
  • J20

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1995

“Quick and Clean”: A Fast Path to Library Spreadsheet Systems

Marilyn E. Barnes

Libraries need to develop information processing systems for evaluation, budgeting, planning, and operations. Electronic spreadsheets lend themselves to a variety of…

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Abstract

Libraries need to develop information processing systems for evaluation, budgeting, planning, and operations. Electronic spreadsheets lend themselves to a variety of applications, but are time‐consuming to create. A model template and macros that can be used in many different types of library data analysis have been developed here. The procedures demonstrated here can build an essential set of tools for meeting fundamental goals of administrative efficiency, effective use of library resources, staff motivation, and rational policy making.

Details

The Bottom Line, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb025437
ISSN: 0888-045X

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Article
Publication date: 8 May 2018

Long-term scarring effect of neither working nor studying

Fredrik W. Andersson, Susanne Gullberg Brännstrom and Roger Mörtvik

It is increasingly important to study labour market outcomes for people who are not in employment, education, or training (NEET). Where most studies focus solely on young…

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Abstract

Purpose

It is increasingly important to study labour market outcomes for people who are not in employment, education, or training (NEET). Where most studies focus solely on young people, the purpose of this paper is to include both younger and older NEETs to find out if there is any long-term scarring effect, and if the effect is different between these two groups.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a twin-based estimation method for the first time to measure the long-term effect of economic inactivity on income. The analysis is based on biological twins, in order to control for individuals’ unobservable heterogeneity. It is assumed that twins are similar to each other and the only unobservable heterogeneity is at the family level. Register-based data from Statistics Sweden is used.

Findings

The result indicates a significant negative income effect for those who have been in NEET, and is larger for those who have been in NEET for several consecutive periods of time. Individuals who were in NEET during 2001-2003 had on average 62 per cent lower income compared with their twin in 2011. The corresponding number for individuals who were in NEET for just one period was 33 per cent. Hence, time in NEET reduces income. The results show that the long-term scarring effect is not affected by age.

Originality/value

This study utilises for the first time a twin-based estimation method to measure the long-term effect of inactivity. Most studies focus solely on young people, but the authors also include an older group of people.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 39 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2015-0226
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

  • Earned income
  • Inactivity
  • Long-term scarring effect
  • Neither work nor study
  • Twin-based estimation
  • J20
  • J24
  • J30
  • J60

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Book part
Publication date: 11 May 2017

Labor Market Mismatch and Labor Productivity: Evidence from PIAAC Data ☆

Müge Adalet McGowan and Dan Andrews

This paper explores the link between skill and qualification mismatch and labor productivity using cross-country industry data for 19 OECD countries. Utilizing mismatch…

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Abstract

This paper explores the link between skill and qualification mismatch and labor productivity using cross-country industry data for 19 OECD countries. Utilizing mismatch indicators aggregated from micro-data sourced from the recent OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), the main results suggest that higher skill and qualification mismatch is associated with lower labor productivity, with over-skilling and under-qualification accounting for most of these impacts. A novel result is that higher skill mismatch is associated with lower labor productivity through a less efficient allocation of resources, presumably because when the share of over-skilled workers is higher, more productive firms find it more difficult to attract skilled labor and gain market shares at the expense of less productive firms. At the same time, a higher share of under-qualified workers is associated with both lower allocative efficiency and within-firm productivity – that is, a lower ratio of high productivity to low productivity firms. While differences in managerial quality can potentially account for the relationship between mismatch and within-firm productivity, the paper offers some preliminary insights into the policy factors that might explain the link between skill mismatch and resource allocation.

Details

Skill Mismatch in Labor Markets
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0147-912120170000045006
ISBN: 978-1-78714-377-7

Keywords

  • Productivity
  • reallocation
  • human capital
  • skill mismatch
  • qualification mismatch
  • allocation of talent
  • O40
  • I20
  • J20
  • J24

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