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1 – 10 of over 3000Sidhartha S. Padhi and Prem Vrat
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the analogy of the human immune system with the economic auction theory.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the analogy of the human immune system with the economic auction theory.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper develops an analogy of bio‐immune system with competitive bidding in auction, then develops a model of the situation and discusses its managerial implications.
Findings
The human immune system can be benchmarked to model decision making under competitive environment, such as biddings in auctions and obtains gainful insights.
Practical implications
Various engineering, management, social science, and defense and security‐related applications of the model are suggested.
Originality/value
The paper presents a novel and innovative model with tremendous potential for varied applications.
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A strong and fast‐cycle innovation system has been developed to counter the ongoing threat of computer viruses within computer systems employing vulnerable operating systems…
Abstract
Purpose
A strong and fast‐cycle innovation system has been developed to counter the ongoing threat of computer viruses within computer systems employing vulnerable operating systems. Generally, however, the innovative applications that develop in response to each generation of computer virus can be seen as a reactive, rather than proactive, critical response. The paper seeks to present a critique of the innovation system that has emerged to combat computer viruses by comparing it with its natural system namesake, the human anti‐viral immune system. It is proposed that the relevance of this analogy extends beyond this case to innovation systems more generally.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper discusses the biological theory related to the human body's immune system and how immune systems might be mimicked in the development of security systems and anti‐virus software. The paper then outlines the biomimicry framework that can be used for scoping the development and features of the security systems and software, including the population of the framework segments. The implications of biomimetic approaches in the wider innovation management literature are discussed.
Findings
Some commercial security products that are undergoing evolutionary development and current research and development activities are used to augment the biomimetic development framework and explicate its use in practice. The paper has implications for the manner in which the objectives of innovation systems are defined. There is implicit criticism of linear models of innovation, that by their nature ignore the recursive and/or adaptive processes evident in natural systems.
Originality/value
This is the first paper, to the best of the authors' knowledge, that discusses the application of natural systems and biomimetics to broaden the scope of innovation process design, and link its findings back to the wider innovation literature.
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Anomaly detection of network attacks has become a high priority because of the need to guarantee security, privacy and reliability. This work aims to describe both intelligent…
Abstract
Purpose
Anomaly detection of network attacks has become a high priority because of the need to guarantee security, privacy and reliability. This work aims to describe both intelligent immunological approaches and traditional monitoring systems for anomaly detection.
Design/methodology/approach
Author investigated different artificial immune system (AIS) theories and proposes how to combine different ideas to solve problems of network security domain. An anomaly detection system that applies those ideas was built and tested in a real time environment, to test the pros and cons of AIS and clarify its applicability. Rather than building a detailed signature based model of intrusion detection system, the scope of this study tries to explore the principle in an immune network focusing on its self-organization, adaptive learning capability, and immune feedback.
Findings
The natural immune system has its own intelligent mechanisms to detect the foreign bodies and fight them and without it, an individual cannot live, even just for several days. Network attackers evolved new types of attacks. Attacks became more complex, severe and hard to detect. This results in increasing needs for network defense systems, especially those with ability to extraordinary approaches or to face the dynamic nature of continuously changing network threats. KDD CUP'99 dataset are used as a training data to evaluate the proposed hybrid artificial immune principles anomaly detection. The average cost of the proposed model was 0.1195 where that the wining of KDD99 dataset computation had 0.233.
Originality/value
It is original to introduce investigation on the vaccination biological process. A special module was built to perform this process and check its usage and how it could be formulated in artificial life.
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There is a general notion that immunology represents one of the more recently emerged branches in the field of science. Its actual roots, however, go back to the late 19th century…
Abstract
There is a general notion that immunology represents one of the more recently emerged branches in the field of science. Its actual roots, however, go back to the late 19th century when scientists like Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich — just to name a few — laid the basis for active immunisation against bacterial infections. Following the discovery of the virus and its structure, immunisation against viral infections was developed, the most spectacular and effective treatments being vaccinations against smallpox and poliomyelitis.
Mario Iván Tarride and Julia González
To contribute to the search for new viewpoints that will enrich the understanding of the complex organizational phenomenon, in particular by contributing to the development of a…
Abstract
Purpose
To contribute to the search for new viewpoints that will enrich the understanding of the complex organizational phenomenon, in particular by contributing to the development of a method that allows qualifying, in the fullest possible way, whether an organization can be said to be healthy. So the objective of this work has been to experiment with the diagnostic method of the organizational health situation – proposed in a previous paper published in this journal – through applications that allowed backfeeding it and offering a new improved version of it. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
The present work takes up the challenge of advancing in the development of the method of determining the health condition of an organization, revising the general homomorphism as well as the information that will be considered, its sources, the way of obtaining it, and the way of making the synthesis that will allow issuing the final overall judgement of healthy or not of the organization that is being studied. To that end, recourse is made to the experience obtained from eight applications made to different kinds of small organizations in the city of Santiago, Chile, from 2008 to 2012.
Findings
The human-being/organization homomorphism was reformulated, going from eight component systems of the human body to 13, by reformulating some and incorporating others. Although a set of indicators may be used in different kinds of organizations, each one of them also presents a specificity that makes it highly complicated to make comparisons; the health situation of an organization is related only to itself. Consequently, the set of indicators that are selected to determine the health condition of an organization depends on itself. Not all the variables, systems and dimensions have the same weight for those interested in the overall health judgement to be issued, so this task of searching for the weights becomes a key aspect of the method: what was found to be most advisable was to set up a group of experts composed of key informants belonging to the organization itself and of external analysts. The symptoms – perceptions of the key informants – must be transformed into signs that allow objectifying the judgement of healthy or not of an organization.
Originality/value
The work contributes new elements that enrich the method for diagnosing organizational health proposed earlier, starting from the homomorphism established between the way in which allopathic physicians study their patients and the way the analyst operates with an organization.
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M.V.A. Raju Bahubalendruni, B.B.V.L. Deepak and Bibhuti Bhusan Biswal
The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent methodology to find out an optimal feasible assembly sequence while considering the assembly predicates.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent methodology to find out an optimal feasible assembly sequence while considering the assembly predicates.
Design/methodology/approach
This proposed study is carried out by using two artificial immune system-based models, namely, Bone Marrow Model and Negative Selection Algorithms, to achieve the following objectives: to obtain the possible number of assembly sequences; to obtain the feasible assembly sequences while considering different assembly predicates; and to obtain an optimal feasible assembly sequence.
Findings
Proposed bone-marrow model determines the possible assembly sequences to ease the intricacy of the problem formulation. Further evaluation has been carried out through negative-selection censoring and monitoring models. These developed models reduce the overall computational time to determine the optimal feasible assembly sequence.
Originality/value
In this paper, the novel and efficient strategies based on artificial immune system have been developed and proposed to obtain all valid assembly sequences and optimized assembly sequence for a given assembled product using assembly attributes. The introduced methodology has proven its effectiveness in achieving optimal assembly sequence with less computational time.
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Sebastian Knebel, Mario D. Schultz and Peter Seele
This paper aims to outline how destructive communication exemplified by ransomware cyberattacks destroys the process of organization, causes a “state of exception,” and thus…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to outline how destructive communication exemplified by ransomware cyberattacks destroys the process of organization, causes a “state of exception,” and thus constitutes organization. The authors build on Agamben's state of exception and translate it into communicative constitution of organization (CCO) theory.
Design/methodology/approach
A significant increase of cyberattacks have impacted organizations in recent times and laid organizations under siege. This conceptual research builds on illustrative cases chosen by positive deviance case selection (PDCS) of ransomware attacks.
Findings
CCO theory focuses mainly on ordering characteristics of communication. The authors aim to complement this view with a perspective on destructive communication that destroys the process of organization. Based on illustrative cases, the authors conceptualize a process model of destructive CCO.
Practical implications
The authors expand thoughts about a digital “corporate immune system” to question current offensive cybersecurity strategies of deterrence and promote resilience approaches instead.
Originality/value
Informed by destructive communication of cyberattacks, this theory advancement supports arguments to include notions of disorder into CCO theory. Furthermore, the paper explains where disruptions like cyberattacks may trigger sensemaking and change to preserve stability. Finally, a novel definition of ‘destructive CCO’ is provided: Destructive Communication Constitutes Organization by disrupting and destroying its site and surface while triggering sensemaking and becoming part of sensemaking itself.
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The latest international research on vitamin C and its possible role in reducing the risk of cancers, heart disease and other serious ailments was presented at a conference held…
Abstract
The latest international research on vitamin C and its possible role in reducing the risk of cancers, heart disease and other serious ailments was presented at a conference held recently in Glasgow. The conference was held to celebrate ten years of production of vitamin C by Roche Products at Dairy. Professor Ronald Anderson from the University of Pretoria reviewed the origins and adverse effects on health of oxygen‐free radicals, and other reactive oxidants generated during activation of the human immune system, and the protective role of the anti‐oxidant nutrient vitamin C in the prevention of free radical‐mediated immune dysfunction, tissue damage and carcinogenesis during inflammatory responses. Here we include extracts from his paper.
A control of the first‐line human defence system, using mechanisms analogous to specific and non‐specific (parametric) triggering of phagocytosis, is proposed on the basis of an…
Abstract
A control of the first‐line human defence system, using mechanisms analogous to specific and non‐specific (parametric) triggering of phagocytosis, is proposed on the basis of an autocatalytic model of biphasic modulation of phagocyte luminescence by experimental peptide medicines. Properties of the autocatalytic model are described and its catastrophe and bifurcation sets determined. The mechanism analogous to parametric triggering is shown to result from a fold catastrophe produced by the changes in the autocatalytic interaction parameter characterising a given peptide preparation. Usefulness of the model was shown by its application to two distinct peptide preparations having different immunomodulatory properties.
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Asfandyar Khan, Ahsan Nazir, Abdur Rehman, Maryam Naveed, Munir Ashraf, Kashif Iqbal, Abdul Basit and Hafiz Shahzad Maqsood
This review deals with the pros and cons of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human beings and the role of textile clothing and the chemicals used for textiles to protect from their…
Abstract
Purpose
This review deals with the pros and cons of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human beings and the role of textile clothing and the chemicals used for textiles to protect from their harmful effects.
Design/methodology/approach
UV radiation (UVR) which has further divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC. Almost 100% of UVC and major portion of UVB are bounced back to stratosphere by ozone layer while UVA enters the earth atmosphere. Excessive exposure of solar or artificial UVR exhibit potential risks to human health. UVR is a major carcinogen and excessive exposure of solar radiation in sunlight can cause cancer in the lip, skin squamous cell, basal cell and cutaneous melanoma, particularly in people with the fair skin.
Findings
This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the harmful effects of UVR on human skin, factors affecting UV irradiance and factors affecting UV protection offered by textile clothing.
Originality/value
Effect of fiber properties, yarn properties, fabric construction, fabric treatments and laundering has been reviewed along with the identification of gaps in the reported research. A comparison of inorganic and organic UV absorbers has also been given along with different testing and evaluation methods for UV protective clothing.
Details