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This paper aims to use macro-level theories based on the equilibrium between the exploration and exploitation of resources in an organisation to examine the association between turnover and performance through the analysis of a professional football (soccer) team in the Premier League, namely, Manchester United Football Club.

This study compiles historical data for 24 seasons of the Premier League between 1984-1985 and 2008-2009. Using these data, the authors define measures of performance and player turnover.

The results show the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between exploration and exploitation (turnover processes) and group efficiency under certain conditions, such as the number of work systems considered and the period during which the level of turnover is calculated.

Most research on employee turnover suggests that reductions in turnover have a positive effect on the efficiency of the organisation. However, the present study suggests that worker turnover can be analysed using theories based on the equilibrium between the processes of resource exploitation and exploration, especially for high-performance work groups. These theories predict an inverted U-shaped relationship between turnover and performance, which has been identified through empirical analysis.

It has proved useful in studies of the personal social services, and in other areas of social policy, to make a distinction between final and intermediate outputs. Final outputs measure changes in individual client well‐being compared with changes in well‐being in the absence of a caring intervention. In other words, final outputs measure the degree of success of a service or a care unit in meeting its client‐level policy objectives, where due consideration is paid to client states had care not been available. In contrast, intermediate outputs are operationally defined in terms of the care services themselves rather than the effects of these services on clients.

The purpose of the research is to study the consequences of total (comprehensive) automatization of entrepreneurship for interested parties through the prism of competition human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0.

The research is conducted with application of scenario analysis, regression analysis, imitation modeling, forecasting and non-linear multi-parametric optimization with the simplex method.

The authors perform scenario modeling of competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0 and offer recommendations for pro-active management of competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0.

Contrary to the existing approach to studying competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in Industry 4.0, automatization of distribution, not production, is most preferable. This shows increase of the value of human intellectual capital in distribution during its automatization based on AI. This is an unprecedented and breakthrough conclusion for the modern economic science. It allows creating a completely new direction of research of competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0, in which optimization of social consequences is achieved not by means of restraint of automatization but by means of its stimulation. The key condition is stimulation of automatization of distribution with limited automatization of production. Based on this conclusion, it is recommended to continue research in continuation of the presented work.

The purpose of the work is to solve the set problem and to study the competition and perspectives of division of labor of humans and machines during creation of intangible assets in Industry 4.0.

The research is performed with the help of regression and comparative analysis by building regression curves and with the help of the qualitative structural and logical analysis.

The authors perform an overview of the factors that determine the advantages and limits of participation in creation of intangible assets in Industry 4.0, determine the perspectives and compile recommendations for division of human and machine labor during creation of intangible assets in Industry 4.0.

The results of the performed research confirmed the general hypothesis that machine technologies allow improving the innovative, marketing and organizational and managerial activities and activities in the sphere of R&D through automatization of certain stages of the process of creation of intangible assets. The authors determine the factors that define the contribution of machine technologies in this process and their competitive advantages as compared to human intellectual capital during creation of intangible assets. These advantages prove the possibility and expedience of division of human and machine labor during creation of intangible assets.

The purpose of this paper is to understand why managers, internal auditors and compliance staff (in financial firms specifically and using Malaysia as a concrete example) can want to ignore compliance-related legislation (a law on anticompetitive behaviour in this case).

The authors review, discuss and critique the literature on compliance and institutions in the light of existing data from Malaysia’s financial industry (literally confronting theory with data).

Legislative design can actually encourage managers and their auditors disobey/ignore the law for reasons which previous theories cannot explain.

This research does not use the regression techniques in vogue now. The findings, nevertheless, imply that attempts to explain phenomenon in management auditing should start with the laws governing managerial activity.

Auditors may use the methods used in this study to assess the extent to which financial services firms’ managers have incentives to comply with laws. Similarly, this research can quantify the extent to which internal auditors in these firms have incentives to find untoward conduct.

Poorly designed laws affecting managerial auditing derive from pre-existing social relationships, as well as help shape them (as shown using data). Identifying areas of non-compliance may actually signal deeper problems in the way businessmen and lawmakers make and enforce laws requiring compliance and self-assessment.

The authors know of no study looking at the economic incentives driving internal auditors’ behaviour – particularly in the area of antitrust. They show how law shapes management and auditors’ incentives, quantify these incentives and show how/why previous research fails to explain these incentives.

A serious problem in the pandemic days is that in this period many firms face difficulties with remaining on the market. It causes that the entrepreneurs do not undertake activities which could result in introducing innovations. In this context, the authors examine new mechanisms which lead competitive economy to the long-run equilibrium under the assumption that producers are change-averse.

The results have the form of theorems with rigorous proofs and provide the ideas on the way of developing the economic policy in respect of firms in the pandemic days.

As a result, the authors justify that in some cases it is worth leading an economic sector or a whole economy to the long-run equilibrium state.

The authors show that there exists a mechanism in the sense of Hurwicz which transforms the economy into an economic system being in the long-run equilibrium as well as the authors determine optimal mechanisms, under the criterion of distance minimization, in some subsets of the mechanisms designed.

Companies are increasingly aware of the importance of delivering economic, social and environmental benefits through sustainable innovation. This study aims to examine how companies manage tensions derived from sustainable innovation and identify internal and external factors that facilitate its successful implementation in the food industry.

An abductive and qualitative research approach was followed. Data from a multinational food manufacturer were collected from a variety of sources, which included 23 in-depth interviews with respondents from 9 different countries as well as public documents of the company under study.

Results suggest that there is no “one-size-fits-all” strategy for dealing with tensions (derived from sustainable innovations), and more than one type of strategy (i.e. win–win, trade-offs) can be used simultaneously. In addition, sustainable innovation drivers do not seem to operate in isolation and follow a particular pattern where external factors motivated the development of a new set of values, which in turn were picked up and integrated into transformations at the strategic and operational level.

The study contributes to the theoretical and practical discussion on sustainable innovation management by providing real business case evidence of how corporate tensions derived from sustainable innovation are managed and offers a comprehensive taxonomy of sustainable innovation drivers in the food industry.

The paper measures the degree of bank competition in Indian banking over the period 1996–2016. Using bank-level annual data, we revisit the case of banking competitiveness during the prefinancial and postfinancial crisis and examine whether the global financial crisis alters the level of bank competition in India. Additionally, this paper addresses the misspecification issues associated with the widely used Panzar–Rosse model in Indian banking context.

We apply Panzar and Rosse (1987) H-statistic and evaluate the degree of bank competition by estimating the extent to which changes in input prices are reflected in revenues earned by banks. Subsequently, we link this measure of competitiveness to a number of structural indicators (HHI and CRn) to examine the structure-conduct-performance hypothesis, which assumes that a concentrated banking system can impair competition. The simple panel regression model was used to handle the empirical estimations.

findings reveal that the Indian banking system operates under competitive conditions and earns revenues as if under the monopolistic competition. We also find evidence that Indian banks are competitive, even under a concentrated market structure. This observation runs, in contrary, to the prediction of the structure–conduct–performance hypothesis. The findings also indicate the differences in the estimated H-statistic value after considering the misspecifications of the P–R model.

From policy perspectives, policymakers should focus more on maintaining an optimal level of bank competition by mitigating entry restrictions, exercising less consolidation and withdrawing overregulation from banking activities. A competitive banking industry ensures both efficiency and stability.

A competitive banking sector by lowering interest rates margin provides easier access to finance to both households and small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

This is the only study that addresses the misspecification of the P–R model while assessing competition in Indian banking and provides a thorough understanding of the role of concentration on bank competition.

It is shown that to minimize access time to a library collection the items should be arranged so that the access point is distant from individual books in inverse order of their frequency of use. This is shown to lead to several interesting geometrical arrangements for library stacks. The library as a push‐down store would mean that after any book has been withdrawn it is replaced at the head of the shelf, all other books being pushed down to accommodate it. The frequency‐ordered arrangement leads to increases in access efficiency by as much as ten times. Finally an analogy is drawn between such a push‐down arrangement and and human memory as a push‐down store in the brain.

THIS report gives a general solution of the problem of the calculation of the Glauert loading of wings with discontinuities of incidence. The three existing variations of the original theory, the Glauert solution, the Gates' least squares solution, and the Lotz' solution, are not entirely satisfactory and may involve a considerable amount of labour. The present solution divides the Fourier series representing the circulation into two parts: (a) a standard solution representing the discontinuities, which includes the slowly convergent part of the solution, and which is expressible as a precise infinite series dependent only upon the position of discontinuities along the span, and (b) a secondary solution due to plan form, aspect ratio, slope of section lift curve, and so on, which is the quickly convergent part of the solution and usually requires a terminated scries of only from four to six terms. Once the standard solution has been computed, the remaining work is little more than for the standard Glauert solution for a flat wing.