Search results

The purpose of this paper is to report on the use and content of written guidance produced by mental health services in England and Wales describing hospital leave for informally admitted patients.

Guidance on leave was requested from National Health Service (NHS) mental health trusts in England and health boards in Wales (n = 61) using a Freedom of Information submission. Data were analysed using content analysis.

In total, 32 organisations had a leave policy for informal patients. Policies varied considerably in content and quality. The content of policies was not supported by research evidence. Organisations appeared to have developed their policies by either adapting or copying the guidance on section 17 leave outlined in the Mental Health Act Codes of Practice for England and Wales (Department of Health, 2016; Welsh Government, 2016). Definitions of important terms, for example, leave and hospital premises, were either absent or poorly defined. Finally, some organisations appeared to be operating pseudo-legal coercive contracts to prevent informal patients from leaving hospital wards.

Research should be undertaken to explore the impact of local policies on the informal patient’s right to life and liberty.

All NHS organisations need to develop an evidence-based policy to facilitate the informal patient’s right to take leave. A set of national standards that organisations are required to comply with would help to standardise the content of leave policies.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to examine the use and content of local policies describing how informal patients can take leave from hospital.

Purpose: This chapter discusses the role and use of chatbots adopted by the different categories of banks (private and public sector banks) in India. The chapter presents brief essential services offered by Indian chatbots regarding accuracy, technology providers and virtual assistance, ways to connect, etc. This chapter concluded that most of the questions answered by the Indian chatbots are already available on the banks’ websites, and there is a need for enhancement in the capabilities of Indian chatbots.

Need for the Study: The need for the study is based on the working of banking chatbots, customer query handling, and the efficiency of the chatbots in India. The chapter helps to analyze the services offered by various banks.

Methodology: This chapter is based on secondary data collected from banks’ websites and articles from various journals. The study is based on nine banks (both private and public sectors) those are having working chatbots (SBI, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Yes Bank, IndusInd Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, Andhra Bank, Bank of Baroda). The present study is focused on chatbots, their services, and software applications for various customer-handling capacities.

Findings: The research concluded that Indian banks are investing a small amount in using chatbots, yet Indian chatbots are deficient regarding far too provincial administrations as they are adequate just for standard and basic inquiries. Also, Indian customers are not properly aware of chatbots and virtual assistance.

Practical Implications: This study provides an overview of the working chatbots in India (for both public and private sector banks) and their functions, as well as the capacities of these chatbots. The previous conducted studies are based on the uses, importance, and working of chatbots/artificial intelligence (AI) in banking. In this study, after discussing the different services, it is found that Indian banks need to update their AI/Virtual assistance with more features.

This chapter examines the key features of online education development, its trends in the world market and, in particular, in the Chinese market, as a successful case of digitalization of education (the annual growth rate of the e-learning market in China on average is 20%). Based on the example of China, the authors identify several drivers of online education growth, including institutional (national education policy), technological (technological potential to introduce digital technologies into education) and financial (inflows of investment, including venture capital, in this industry).

This chapter’s goal is to determine the essence and causal connections of the emergence of conflicts at the level of economic systems (countries) due to technological inequality and to find the perspectives of overcoming these conflicts. The chapter models the economic and political conflict of modern time under the conditions of high-tech development based on the methods of variation analysis and regression analysis. It is proven that the scale of technological inequality in the world economy is very large. It is the economic and political conflict of modern time, the essence of which is as follows: the differentiation of economic systems amid digital development predetermines the opportunities for their entering the world markets. This chapter contributes to the development of the theory of economic and political conflicts, proving the existence of technological inequality as a new form of differentiation of economic systems amid digital development and defining this inequality as a new economic and political conflict of modern time. The chapter also contributes to the development of the theory of international trade, disproving – for the first time – the action of the principle of freedom of international trade. The authors describe technological barriers of the world markets, which limit the presence of countries that are behind the leading countries by digital development. Three key factors that determine the level of technological development of the economy are given: knowledge-intensive employment, venture investments and financing of innovations in business. Due to the above, the chapter provides opportunities for technological conflict management.

Internet technology and social media especially from mobile social commerce are known to have lavish impacts on the economic development. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of the online market on the level of social welfare of online market traders which is proxies by the level of income. Bulan Terang Utama (BTU) area was used as an object in this study due to the fact that it is a subsidized housing area with a level of middle-income community income. The method used in this study was a quantitative method using the analysis of three-stage least square (3SLS). The results of the 3SLS estimation indicate that there was a significant increase in online seller income with the presence of the BTU online market. This situation happened by the fact that many buyers switch to sellers after they join the BTU Online Market. They began as a buyer and then offered their merchandise through the online market and became a permanent seller in this group. When many residents in these areas are using online markets as their primary place for selling, there will be need for strong connectivity (internet network) in each region to develop current economic activities. Furthermore, the government rule in enhancing technology literacy is also very important especially for the middle to lower regions.

The ability to produce knowledge is the key currency in the current and future global economy. Today, technology is one of the important sources of economic growth. The impact of introduction of technology is observed in every field and one such field is knowledge economy. This paper explores the potential consequences of technological transition in the knowledge economy brought about by the introduction of virtual system backed by Internet and software innovations, so to speak in terms of skill augmentation, wage inequality, and so forth, to highlight the overall impact on welfare. In this framework, this paper develops a model on small open economy with three sectors (modern export sector, import competing sector, and skill-generating sector) and three factors of production namely, skilled labor (the output of S), unskilled labor, and capital. It is found that the impact of technological transition on each sector is ambiguous but the direction of welfare change is unambiguous. In this study, our objective is to find out the possible impacts of such disruptive technology on the higher education sector of India and also to locate the development dynamics of such an outcome along with a feasible roadmap for overcoming the trade-off between future economic growths of a sound knowledge economy with social justice.

This chapter is aimed at reflecting technologies as the key resources of modern regions, identifying the essence and modelling the digital inequality of Russian regions, as well as forming the methodological foundation for the consistent resolution of conflicts in the regional economy of Russia. Through the example of the regional economy of modern Russia, the method of the variation analysis is used for the analysis of differences between regions that are individually investigated in relation to the level of digitalization, and their regression dependence on the level of technological development is determined. As a result, it has been found that Russian regions are characterized by a number of conflicts due to their multi-aspect inequality; these include innovation conflicts, investment conflicts and quality of life conflicts. The abovementioned conflicts are mainly caused by differences in the provision of technological resources to regions (in their digitalization). The novelty and fundamental significance of this chapter consist in the clarification of the cause of spatial inequality through differences in the provision of technological resources to regions. The unique character of this chapter consists in justification of the technology factor of the emergence of inequality and conflicts of regions. This chapter proves that technological inequality exacerbates other aspects of inequality and conflicts of regions. Originality and practical relevance of this chapter consist in the evaluation of the prospects and development of recommendations for conflict management in Russian regions through overcoming differences in their technological support and accelerating the pace of their digitalization.

The purpose of the article is to study the recent tendencies of growth of Russia’s agro-industrial complex (AIC), determine the optimal scenario of its development, and develop recommendations in the sphere of state regulation for its practical implementation. While there are tendencies of growing production and increase in Russia’s export, against this background, there is a tendency of quicker increase of import of food – if it continues, positive balance of foreign trade of food products in 2018 will turn into negative balance in 2020–2024. Though efficiency of crop farming is peculiar for a tendency of quick growth, efficiency of animal breeding is stable, which does not allow overcoming the growing deficit of food in Russia, which grows under the influence of the tendency of wear of fixed funds and slow implementation of new fixed funds due to insufficient financing. Scenarios of mid-term (i.e., until 2024) growth of Russia’s AIC are compiled, of which the most optimal is scenario that requires technological advancements, due to which increase in the value of index of food security up to 85.00 points (27%) will be achieved and the set goals of growth and development of Russia’s AIC will be reached. For a successful optimal scenario of the growth of Russia’s AIC, we offer recommendations in the sphere of state regulation of its digital modernization: adoption of the national strategy of transition to AIC 4.0 within the program “Digital economy of the RF,” development of import substitution in the AIC with emphasis on B2B markets, preparation of the technological platform for transition to AIC 4.0, and sufficient financing for digital modernization of the AIC.

Introduction: The rapid technological changes have significantly decentralised the economy and social life in the last 20 years. The transformation into the digital environment and its socio-economic consequences may experience numerous issues depending on the level of development of countries. The experience of developed countries shows that digitalisation delivers a positive impact on economic development (because of increased labour productivity, transparency and reduction of the shadow economy). In fact, on the other side, economic development represent the improvement of people’s well-being.

However, it is, furthermore, the fact that delays in the process of transformation into the digital environment will lead to economic decline and as a result, social problems. Many current studies focus on the social consequences and benefits of digitalisation. In many cases, the social consequences of digitalisation (unemployment and income inequality) are exaggerated. The authors believe that the economic and social benefits (measurable and non-measurable) of digitalisation are enormous. Examples could be introduced as the emergence of new intelligent professions and specialties, the comfort of jobs and life, the ability to get the products, information and knowledge from anywhere in the world.

The history of the development of society shows that people have always been interested in the ‘comfort’ of life. It is the acceleration of digitalisation in recent years that has stated a significant place in this process.

Objective: To adequately assess the relationship between digitalisation and the comfort of life, the improvement of welfare (income, secure life and satisfaction) and to indicate the social benefits of digitalisation on a scientific basis.

Method: To identify measurable and unmeasurable factors and benefits of technological change on human life, to assess the impact of digitalisation on economic growth, income, labour productivity, intellectual development, knowledge capital and health care.

Findings: Although digitalisation will endure a number of social consequences in the short and medium term, but the well-being of people will be improved and life will be turned on more delightful, and incomes increased in the long term.

Purpose: Tax fraudulence is not an aberration, but it is a deliberate attempt to get rid of the tax burden. The government took enormous measures to curtail tax fraud, which seems dispensable. Taxation is the largest area that needs to be explored as individuals make discrete stings while filing taxes. Since compliance-focussed systems for tax collection are missing, this department is facing difficulties in providing quality data. This chapter will cover blockchain operations in the tax system to streamline the entire process and highlight the challenges.

Need of the Study: As the growth of technology is in the boom stage, research should be carried out to create more awareness regarding its usage and its possible threats. This study will spark more light on taxation by taking blockchain as the torch to improvise the vision.

Design/methodology/approach: The researcher did a comprehensive analysis of the Indian Tax Department and determined whether simplifying taxation could be possible through blockchain. The study gathered concrete facts about the various challenges faced while implementing this system.

Finding: Blockchain technology is rapidly making a roadmap in the taxation system, and there is tremendous potential to create a future vision with blockchain.

Practical Implications: This study will accentuate the function of blockchain technology that is becoming more prominent in the global technology sphere. This study will aid scholars in elaborating on the role of blockchain technology.