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IHRM identifies career adaptability and cross-cultural adjustment as the central tenants for expatriate career. The present study focuses on; (1) it employs the theoretical framework of career construction theory (CCT) to examine the relationship between adaptive readiness, resources and responses by examining the relationship between protean career orientation, career adaptability and cross-cultural adjustment of self-initiated expatriates (SIE) and (2) it explores the moderating role of frequency of interaction that SIEs possess with HCN.

A total of 278 Indian SIEs engaged in different occupational roles in different sectors, working in six different countries, i.e. United Arab Emirates, Canada, Germany, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the USA responded through primary survey.

Consistent with CCT conceptualization, the study illustrates a positive partial mediating effect of career adaptability on the direct relationship between protean career orientation and cross-cultural adjustment. Furthermore, the findings of the moderation analysis suggest that frequent interaction of the SIE facilitates the enhancing of cross-cultural adjustment.

The study suggests that lack of protean career orientation might result in lowering employee interest in the job or assignment, and affect effectiveness, satisfaction, productivity and cross-cultural adjustment. The study also recommends systematically increasing the interaction frequency with the HCNs to facilitate SIEs employees for facilitating cross-cultural adjustments (CCA).

The study theoretically and empirically contributes to protean career orientation and career adaptability in the context of expatriates, which is an enabling factor for CCA in job contexts. The relevance of interaction frequency is acknowledged for the adaptability and adjustments for the international workforce perspective.

Aiming to resolve cross-cultural paradoxes in combining artificial intelligence (AI) with human intelligence (HI) for international humanitarian logistics, this paper aims to adopt an unorthodox Yin–Yang dialectic approach to address how AI–HI interactions can be interpreted as a sophisticated cross-cultural knowledge creation (KC) system that enables more effective decision-making for providing humanitarian relief across borders.

This paper is conceptual and pragmatic in nature, whereas its structure design follows the requirements of a real impact study.

Based on experimental information and logical reasoning, the authors first identify three critical cross-cultural challenges in AI–HI collaboration: paradoxes of building a cross-cultural KC system, paradoxes of integrative AI and HI in moral judgement and paradoxes of processing moral-related information with emotions in AI–HI collaboration. Then applying the Yin–Yang dialectic to interpret Klir’s epistemological frame (1993), the authors propose an unconventional stratified system of cross-cultural KC for understanding integrative AI–HI decision-making for humanitarian logistics across cultures.

This paper aids not only in deeply understanding complex issues stemming from human emotions and cultural cognitions in the context of cross-border humanitarian logistics, but also equips culturally-diverse stakeholders to effectively navigate these challenges and their potential ramifications. It enhances the decision-making process and optimizes the synergy between AI and HI for cross-cultural humanitarian logistics.

The originality lies in the use of a cognitive methodology of the Yin–Yang dialectic to metaphorize the dynamic genesis of integrative AI-HI KC for international humanitarian logistics. Based on system science and knowledge management, this paper applies game theory, multi-objective optimization and Markov decision process to operationalize the conceptual framework in the context of cross-cultural humanitarian logistics.

The study addresses gaps in sustainable luxury consumption research by analyzing the role of social norms in different cultural settings. It investigates how social norms, self-control, conspicuousness and future orientation shape sustainable luxury consumption in individualistic (UK) versus collectivist (China) national cultures.

The study was based on survey data from British and Chinese luxury product consumers collected through online panels. The final sample included 452 valid responses from the UK and 414 from China. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

The study found that descriptive norms positively influence sustainable luxury consumption in individualistic (UK) and collectivist (China) cultures. Injunctive norms affect sustainable consumption only in the UK. Future consequences universally impact sustainable consumption. Conspicuous consumption negatively affects preferences for sustainable luxury brands. Self-control enhances the impact of descriptive norms in the UK but reduces the impact of injunctive norms in China.

This study uniquely explores how social norms and cultural influences impact sustainable luxury consumption in individualistic and collectivistic societies. It highlights the moderating role of national culture, providing actionable insights for luxury brands to enhance sustainable consumption with culturally tailored strategies. The research challenges the universality of the theory of normative social behavior, advocating for its refined application across different cultures.

This article analyzes the relationships between different conceptions of time, socioeconomic development and cultural values.

We focus on three major aspects of time, namely, 1) duration, 2) orientation and 3) tempo. Furthermore, we draw on modernization theory to distinguish between agrarian/traditional and industrial/modern societies and their respective cultural values.

Analyses indicate that agrarian/traditional societies with cultural values such as collectivism, survival, religiosity and hierarchical structures are marked by subjective/cyclical/inaccurate, past-oriented and slow-paced conceptions of time. In contrast, industrial/modern societies with cultural values such as individualism, self-expression, secularism and egalitarianism are marked by objective/linear/accurate, future-oriented and accelerated conceptions of time.

This paper introduces an original conceptualization of the three dimensions of time – duration, orientation and tempo – previously overlooked in the literature. Additionally, it provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the relationships between time, culture and socioeconomic development.

This study aims to explore how the treatment, well-being and satisfaction of health tourists are affected by what is characterized as the hospitality culture of health care.

A qualitative research design focusing on in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted with 28 Omani health tourists who visited Iran and received health-care services. Data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti software.

The results revealed that a caring health professional is essential for patient healing and well-being. Cultural congruence is enhanced through effective communication between patients and health-care service providers. Additionally, a hospitality-certified workforce is essential for customer satisfaction and overall well-being. Finally, a hospitality-style approach and home-like atmosphere improve patient rehabilitation and performance.

The study’s exclusive focus on Omani health tourists necessitates caution in generalizing findings. Future research could encompass more diverse populations and inclusive samples to broaden applicability.

The study highlights the key role of hospitality culture in the health-care sector, emphasizing the significance of building a culturally sensitive and hospitable environment to improve patient satisfaction and overall well-being. This includes the creation of welcoming environments and customized health-care experiences congruent with patients’ cultural values and beliefs.

The study emphasizes the crucial role of hospitality culture in health tourism and the potential to create a culture of care and respect in health-care settings, addressing patients’ holistic needs beyond physical amenities and enriching the patient experience. It also applies Leininger’s Culture Care Theory to hospitality, providing a novel viewpoint on culturally congruent, safe and meaningful care for health tourists.

This study aims to examine the relationship between cultural intelligence and organisational commitment and its effect on learning goal orientation and turnover intention within the expatriate society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

A survey instrument was developed to collect data from 173 non-management expatriates employed by multinational corporations located in Dubai, UAE. SmartPLS bootstrap software was used to analyse the path coefficients and test the research hypotheses.

The results demonstrate that cultural intelligence enhances both learning goal orientation and turnover intention of expatriates. Moreover, organisational commitment partially mediates the relationship between cultural intelligence and turnover intention/learning goal orientation.

This study contributes by advancing extant knowledge with regard to cultural intelligence and organisational commitment effects on turnover intention and learning goal orientation of expatriates within a context of high cultural heterogeneity.

This study aims to examine the relationship between work ethics and organizational performance and investigate the influence of respondents’ career stages on their work ethic among British, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Serbian nations.

This research is based on a survey of British, UAE and Serbian managers, whose task was to assess the dimensions of the multidimensional work ethic profile (MWEP) and organizational performance. Since the MWEP does not analyze work ethics in the context of religion, it is deemed the most suitable instrument for this study because it analyzes work ethics among the three cultures that practice different religions.

The results revealed that national culture impacts work ethics. British managers place greater value on the wasted time, self-reliance and morality dimensions of work ethics. Serbian managers prefer the leisure and delay of gratification dimensions, while UAE managers value hard work ethics more than the other two groups of managers. The study also shows that respondents’ career stage influences their work ethic, and a significant relationship exists between different dimensions of work ethics and organizational performance in all three nations.

This study contributes to the theory by analyzing work ethic and its relationship with organizational performance and respondents’ career stages in three nations that share business interests. It addresses a research gap by comparing work ethics in developed, developing and a country in socio-economic transition.

This study aims to examine the effect of Muslim consumers’ religiosity on their brand verdict regarding clothing brands, through the mediating role of decision-making style, brand status and brand attitude.

Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data collected from 200 clothing buyers in Mashhad, one of Iran’s religious cities.

The results indicate that intrapersonal religiosity, compared to interpersonal religiosity, has a more significant effect on Muslim consumers’ decision-making styles, and different decision-making styles of Muslim consumers affect their brand verdict through brand status and brand attitude.

The research sample consists solely of respondents from the Islamic religion. Therefore, the impact of religiosity might differ among individuals from other religions, such as Christianity and Judaism.

This study’s findings are crucial for clothing brands, both national and international, that cater to the Muslim customers’ market. They need to consider the degree of religiosity when segmenting and targeting their market. This study shows that clothing brand marketers can best influence the brand verdict of Muslim consumers by targeting those with a brand-loyal decision-making style, focusing on their religious beliefs.

To achieve success in Iran’s Muslim market, marketers must consider their consumers’ religious beliefs and tailor their marketing plans accordingly. This study aims to investigate the impact of religiosity on consumer behavior toward brands in Iran’s Muslim market.

Most of current studies have explored the impact of entrepreneurial culture on entrepreneurial intentions in specific region rather than cross-cultural regions; in addition, these studies have looked more at entrepreneurial role models as part of the environmental factors that influence individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions (Lafuente et al., 2007), rather than viewing environmental factors as independent variables. Furthermore, less research exists to hypothesize and validate the mechanism of this process, even if some studies have already shown the similar ideas. To fill the aforementioned research gap in this area, based on new institutional theory and social cognitive career theory, this paper aims to explore the influence of entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial intentions in different cultural contexts by introducing two independent national-level factors, collectivism and media publicity, and subsequently examines the mediating role of self-efficacy.

Two major international databases, Adult Population Survey Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (APS GEM) 2017 and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE), were used as data sources for this paper. In total, the authors obtained data from 174,128 respondents in the APS GEM 2017 database. Because there is a national-level variable, collectivism, which was collected by the GLOBE, the authors excluded 50,046 participants because their countries did not score collectivism in this database. After screening, 124,082 valid observations from 35 countries were obtained. In this study, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used as the method and HLM 6.08 was adopted for data analysis. According to the purpose of the study, the following four different models will be tested in turn using the HLM, which include the null model, random coefficients regression model, intercepts as outcomes model and slopes as outcomes model.

Some previous studies have shown that entrepreneurial role models have a positive impact on individuals' entrepreneurial intentions, however, the exploration of this effect and its mechanisms in different cultural contexts is lacking (Abbasianchavari and Moritz, 2021). In response, based on a cross-level and cross-national survey, this paper advances the original literature by introducing two cultural dimensions, collectivism and media publicity. The current results suggest that the positive influence of entrepreneurial role models on individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions is somewhat generalized and that self-efficacy plays a mediating role. Moreover, collectivism and media publicity can negatively and positively moderate the effects of entrepreneurial role models on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions, respectively. The findings provide some theoretical support for the role of cultural context in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, which can help countries with diverse cultures to develop differentiated entrepreneurial role model advocacy strategies to better facilitate the emergence of potential entrepreneurs and advance their subsequent entrepreneurial activities.

First, because this study assumes that entrepreneurial role models are templates that can inspire potential entrepreneurs and provide them with entrepreneurial approaches (Laviolette et al., 2012), which has a certain positive bias, it may mean that the findings of this paper are not applicable to all scenarios, as role models are usually classified by scholars into positive and negative ones. The effect of different types of role models on entrepreneurial intention in a cross-cultural context will be considered as one of the future research directions. Second, in the measurement of country-level variables, this paper assumes that the degree of media publicity and collectivism are homogeneous within a country and does not take into account the differences in these two variables across regions within the same country. Future research is expected to use more granular designs to explore, for example, the effect of entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial intentions based on regional differences in media publicity and collectivism, rather than national differences. Third, due to the cross-sectional research design used in this paper, the dynamic influence of entrepreneurial role models in the entrepreneurial process was not included in the analysis. In addition, the focus of this study is only on entrepreneurial intention, which is separated from the subsequent entrepreneurial behavior of entrepreneurs. Therefore, the longitudinal study design that explores the dynamic influence of role models in entrepreneurial process should receive more attention.

First, enhancing the exposure of entrepreneurial role models is necessary because the authors found that entrepreneurial role models can positively promote entrepreneurial intentions, whereas self-efficacy plays a mediating role. For example, it is advised for the society to publish entrepreneurs' autobiographies, open entrepreneurial forums, create entrepreneurial interview columns, etc. In these books and activities, detailed descriptions of successful entrepreneurs' methods and skills are highly needed, as these can help potential entrepreneurs to better understand the entrepreneurial process, thus improving their self-efficacy and facilitating their entrepreneurial activities (Zhao et al., 2005). It is necessary to note here that matching the characteristics of entrepreneurial role models and potential entrepreneurs cannot be ignored, as similar characteristics could facilitate the desire of potential entrepreneurs to become more like entrepreneurial role models (Hoffner and Buchanan, 2005).These similar characteristics encompass both demographic characteristics, such as gender, race and age (Garcia, 2017; Harwood, 1999; Jose, 1989), and personal characteristics, such as goal embodiment and educational background (Bosma et al., 2012; Morgenroth et al., 2015). Moreover, the authors believe that the media's promotion of entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial activities needs to be enhanced, for example, by incorporating entrepreneurship education in television programs, allowing youth to meet face-to-face with successful entrepreneurs, and developing entrepreneurship lectures or interview programs.

At the same time, role models should be presented differently in diverse cultural contexts. For example, in countries with a strong collectivist orientation, the media should include collectivist messages when promoting entrepreneurial role models, such as his cooperation with the government, family and friends, which is in line with collectivist values, so that potential entrepreneurs in a collectivist context may perceive more similarity to role models and thus increase their entrepreneurial intentions (Morris et al., 1994); On the contrary, in countries with low collectivist tendencies, the media can appropriately carry an element of individualism when promoting entrepreneurial role models, for example, by telling how entrepreneurs succeed on their own strength and superior abilities, which is in accordance with the values of individualism. Based on the same logic, potential entrepreneurs in the context of individualism may thus generate more entrepreneurial intentions (Morris et al., 1994).

First, building on previous studies that explored the relationship between entrepreneurial role models and individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions (Stupacher et al., 2017), the authors further validated the moderating role of two national-level situational factors, collectivism and media advocacy, in this process, which echoes Abbasianchavari and Moritz (2021) that exploring the effects of entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial intentions in different cultural context is an essential topic for the future research. Second, the authors demonstrated that self-efficacy can mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial intentions and that this finding is generalizable. This responds to the hypothesis presented by Morgenroth et al. (2015) that role models, who are served as behavioral templates, can facilitate the generation of goals and behavioral intentions by increasing role aspirates’ self-efficacy, as it enhances their perceived accessibility to goals. Another contribution is that the authors found a possible explanation that the interaction of collectivism and media publicity with entrepreneurial role models may influence individuals' entrepreneurial intentions by affecting their self-efficacy, which unifies the new institutional theory and social cognition career theory.

Entrepreneurial mindsets differ in diverse cultural contexts affecting the perceptions of business opportunity as well as the strategic posture and how to network to successfully implement it. For example, many scholars have shown that risk taking and proactiveness (i.e., characteristics of the strategic posture) are affected by cultural characteristics. The aim of the chapter is to shed light on the relationship between socio-cultural practices (using the GLOBE cultural theoretical framework) and entrepreneurial behavior understanding how culture may foster or hinder the entrepreneurial mindsets. The authors discuss how certain cultural dimensions may be linked to various aspects of entrepreneurial mindsets. Furthermore, the authors make some reflections with regard to the contextual conditions shaped by cultural factors that seem to be the most appropriate to spread the Humane Entrepreneurship Model.