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Article
Publication date: 4 September 2020

Cultural traits of entrepreneurship education: a cross-national study

Emma Fleck, Alexandros Kakouris and Doan Winkel

This study aims to develop insights on how national culture, gender and field of study can influence the impact of entrepreneurship education toward the development of…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to develop insights on how national culture, gender and field of study can influence the impact of entrepreneurship education toward the development of entrepreneurial intention.

Design/methodology/approach

The entrepreneurship education project gathered data from over 18,000 undergraduate student responses, spanning over 70 countries and 400 universities. The sample used in this research examined eight countries with significantly different national cultures, while a quantitative analysis of a sample of n = 5,033 responses was performed. Beyond correlation analysis, a hierarchical multiple regression model is implemented for intention along with moderation analysis.

Findings

The statistical analysis reveals robust correlations among several entrepreneurial concepts and national cultural indices. As expected, national culture interweaves with all entrepreneurial concepts and more significantly for students of socially oriented disciplines. Gendera and field of the study appear moderators of causal relationships between entrepreneurial constructs. Exerting a strong influence by culture, entrepreneurial identity appears the most significant explanator of intention. Overall, the emergent pattern suggests entrepreneurship is intentional, but in a socially justified and accepted manner closely related to local cultural norms and institutions.

Research limitations/implications

Implications pertain to research for entrepreneurial intention and to educators and educational bodies concerning their goal setting for entrepreneurial programs and appropriate scheduling of effective pedagogies.

Originality/value

The study exploits a large data set from eight countries (Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Spain and USA) which permits systematic quantitative search for the influence of culture on the impact of entrepreneurship education. Cross-national studies of entrepreneurship education and the effect of national culture have been scant in literature – a research gap the study responds to. The inclusion of both developing and developed countries contributes in a novel way to a unique understanding of the influence of culture on entrepreneurial concepts through education.

Details

Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-02-2020-0030
ISSN: 2053-4604

Keywords

  • Entrepreneurial self-efficacy
  • Entrepreneurship education
  • Entrepreneurial identity
  • Cultural influences

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Book part
Publication date: 15 February 2021

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges

Paul Jones, Nikolaos Apostolopoulos, Alexandros Kakouris, Christopher Moon, Vanessa Ratten and Andreas Walmsley

Universities are increasingly looking at entrepreneurship as a way to bridge theory and practice. This is important in these challenging times when unexpected events and…

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Abstract

Universities are increasingly looking at entrepreneurship as a way to bridge theory and practice. This is important in these challenging times when unexpected events and occurrences take place. It is becoming more important for universities to respond in an entrepreneurial manner to new trends to capitalise on learning and research opportunities. The aim of this chapter is to discuss how universities are acting in an entrepreneurial way by responding to educational and social challenges. This will help to understand fruitful new areas of teaching, research, service and engagement that can occur in a university setting based on entrepreneurial thinking.

Details

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620210000011001
ISBN: 978-1-83982-074-8

Keywords

  • Education
  • entrepreneurship
  • universities
  • society
  • learning
  • entrepreneurial university

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Book part
Publication date: 15 February 2021

Entrepreneurial Education in Russian Universities: Achievements, Reflections and Milestones

Sergei N. Polbitsyn, Aleksei K. Kliuev, Anna P. Bagirova, Aleksandr A. Iashin and Alexandros Kakouris

Entrepreneurship is a new field of research in Russian higher education. This chapter discusses the emergence of entrepreneurial education in Russian universities by…

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Abstract

Entrepreneurship is a new field of research in Russian higher education. This chapter discusses the emergence of entrepreneurial education in Russian universities by examining their key documents and relevant curricula. Findings indicate that only a few modern Russian universities develop entrepreneurial programmes that contribute to the income of the less funded from research organisations. These programmes are mainly student-paid graduate programmes aimed at providing students with hard skills. The study also addresses factors that influence students’ entrepreneurial intention following the theory of planned behaviour. Beyond attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, a new contextual variable of entrepreneurial environment and education significantly impacts intention. This result along with subjective norm influence implies that prospective graduate entrepreneurs in Russia are motivated to venture to contribute to their society. Finally, this study provides recommendations on how Russian universities could empower entrepreneurial education to undertake a substantial role in regional entrepreneurial ecosystem development.

Details

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620210000011003
ISBN: 978-1-83982-074-8

Keywords

  • Entrepreneurship education
  • Russian universities
  • entrepreneurial programmes
  • intention
  • entrepreneurial environment
  • entrepreneurial ecosystems

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Book part
Publication date: 15 February 2021

Prelims

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Abstract

Details

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620210000011018
ISBN: 978-1-83982-074-8

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Book part
Publication date: 24 May 2017

Constructivist Entrepreneurial Teaching: The TeleCC Online Approach in Greece

Alexandros Kakouris

Entrepreneurship education is observed as expanding in both academic and informal settings. Drawing on the Business Schools paradigm, relevant courses deliver contiguous…

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Abstract

Entrepreneurship education is observed as expanding in both academic and informal settings. Drawing on the Business Schools paradigm, relevant courses deliver contiguous knowledge and competencies applicable to new business creation based on cognitive and experiential instruction. Germane studies explore the entrepreneurial intention of trainees as a consequence of the pursued instruction. This chapter follows a more student-centric perspective which supposes the underlying cognitive schemes of trainees and their evolution as primordial structures that are affected through learning. This focus turns the approach into pure constructivism where the Piagetian concepts of assimilation and accommodation underpin learning. Based on a coherent constructivist online environment, that is the TeleCC platform in Greece, evidence for reflection, critical thinking and meta-learning incidents is investigated amongst the trainees’ dialogues and comments. The appearance of these processes verifies the dynamics of constructivist learning and Piaget’s equilibration process. There has been minimal attention in research so far into genuine constructivist signatures relevant to entrepreneurial learning; a gap that motivated the research of this chapter. The features of the learning environment and the facilitating role for the educator are crucial presuppositions for deep constructivist learning processes to occur. Else, instructional interventions favour the customary guidance and knowledge or experience transfer. It is maintained that the constructivist approach is an underdeveloped yet innovative perspective for educational research in entrepreneurship that needs good examples and contextualisation of relevant concepts and processes. Its contribution will be especially important and inclusive for the lifelong learning domain where adult learners participate in with repositories of personal life experiences and crystallised and resistant conceptualisations for the phenomena under consideration.

Details

Entrepreneurship Education
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620170000007015
ISBN: 978-1-78714-280-0

Keywords

  • Entrepreneurship education
  • online instruction
  • informal learning
  • constructivism
  • reflection

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Book part
Publication date: 15 February 2021

Entrepreneurial Education and Emotional Intelligence: A State of the Art Review

Fotis Kitsios, Ioannis Sitaridis and Maria Kamariotou

The purpose of this chapter is to conduct a structured literature review to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship and emotional intelligence in academic…

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Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to conduct a structured literature review to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship and emotional intelligence in academic settings as well as the current entrepreneurship pedagogy for flexible, innovative and creative graduates. One hundred and twenty-eight peer-reviewed papers were analysed based on Webster’s and Watson’s (2002) methodology. Papers classified into three topics and a content analysis was implemented to discuss about the publication year, journals, authors, frequency of keywords and research method adopted. The contribution of this chapter is twofold. It is a bibliometric study which provides a macropicture of a research field, its evolution and connections among studies, in order to be a starting point for future researchers who are already studying entrepreneurial education or entrepreneurship-related scientific areas. Also, this chapter helps academics to improve educational programmes and curriculum to increase students’ entrepreneurial intention taking into account the factors that affect it.

Details

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620210000011002
ISBN: 978-1-83982-074-8

Keywords

  • Entrepreneurship
  • entrepreneurial intention
  • emotional intelligence
  • entrepreneurial education
  • students
  • research

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Book part
Publication date: 15 February 2021

The Role of Cultural and Social Norms to Create Entrepreneurship Educational Programmes

Allan Villegas-Mateos, Elda Barron and Linda Elizabeth Ruiz

The entrepreneurial education has obtained special attention by researchers hoping to develop better entrepreneurship programmes that may result in higher entrepreneurial…

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Abstract

The entrepreneurial education has obtained special attention by researchers hoping to develop better entrepreneurship programmes that may result in higher entrepreneurial activity outputs of students. The culture on its own is one of the main determinants, among others, of the entrepreneurial activities undertaken in different countries. In that sense, this research contributes to a greater understanding of the relationship between culture and entrepreneurial education. Using one of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s surveys, the National Experts’ Survey, the authors used Structural Equation Models to analyse the sample of N =  445 experts in Mexico as an effort to achieve a consensus about which of these two constructs is dependent on the other, ‘entrepreneurial education’ or ‘cultural and social norms’. The results of this chapter show that in Mexico there is an influence of the cultural and social norms on entrepreneurial education at all levels, primary, secondary, and superior. Nevertheless, an important limitation of the study was that it does not differentiate between private and public education, but yet it contributes to the understanding of the less visible entrepreneurial educational levels in the literature. This chapter aims with the phenomena of how teaching entrepreneurship works by analysing the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s social environment variable effect on entrepreneurial education. This research contributes to the evidence that the teaching practice under the socio-cultural dimension enables to detect the continuity factors to make an educational transformation.

Details

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620210000011009
ISBN: 978-1-83982-074-8

Keywords

  • Entrepreneurial education
  • entrepreneurship programmes
  • entrepreneurial culture
  • primary and secondary
  • Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Mexico
  • social environment

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Book part
Publication date: 15 February 2021

The Influence of the Field of Study and Entrepreneurship Course in Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students

Vivien Szczepanik and Beatriz Casais

Literature has identified possible factors to entrepreneurial behaviour, including some antecedents of entrepreneurship intention among university students. This study…

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Abstract

Literature has identified possible factors to entrepreneurial behaviour, including some antecedents of entrepreneurship intention among university students. This study stresses on the field of study and the attendance of an entrepreneurship course as moderators for such intention. Following the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the study compares the results of a survey with a sample of 220 students, conducted in two universities, one public and one private, the latter teaching an entrepreneurship course.

The authors found that (1) Ajzen’s TPB predicted entrepreneurial intention; (2) different field of studies show significant difference on entrepreneurial intention; (3) family and/or friends influence is associated with higher entrepreneurial intention, attitude and perceived behaviour control; (4) the intention to attend an entrepreneurship course is strongly associated with entrepreneurial intention; and (5) however, business-related studies and men do not indicate higher intention to take entrepreneurship course, contradicting previous studies.

The results open further topics for discussions that can be researched with qualitative studies, such as the reason why students who take entrepreneurship course do not predict higher entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile the intention to attend an entrepreneurship course is associated with entrepreneurial intention.

Details

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620210000011008
ISBN: 978-1-83982-074-8

Keywords

  • Students’ entrepreneurial intention
  • antecedents of entrepreneurial intention
  • field of study
  • entrepreneurial background
  • entrepreneurship course
  • university

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Book part
Publication date: 15 February 2021

The Role of Alumni Clubs in the Universities’ Entrepreneurial Networks: An Inquiry in Italian Universities

Matteo Landoni, Daniela Bolzani and Alessandro Baroncelli

This chapter provides insights into the activities carried out by alumni in the domain of academic entrepreneurship. Given the increasing role of alumni in the support to…

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This chapter provides insights into the activities carried out by alumni in the domain of academic entrepreneurship. Given the increasing role of alumni in the support to entrepreneurial learning in universities and the scant evidence about their actual engagement into these initiatives, it explores the alumni organisations affiliated to the population of 58 alumni organisations in 55 higher education institutions (HEI) in Italy, particularly for the activities designed to support entrepreneurship. The authors explore and define services related to entrepreneurship for and from the alumni. Among others, alumni organisations or clubs help members in accessing networks with their peers for career opportunities and role modelling. The authors contribute to the increasing literature about the entrepreneurial university by documenting the activities carried out by alumni organisations to foster entrepreneurship at their parent HEI and promoting an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Universities must take into consideration that peer support can be as important for spreading entrepreneurial initiatives within universities as other more formal supporting measures.

Details

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620210000011004
ISBN: 978-1-83982-074-8

Keywords

  • Alumni
  • alumni clubs
  • entrepreneurial university
  • academic entrepreneurship
  • supporting measures
  • entrepreneurial learning

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Book part
Publication date: 15 February 2021

Effect of Entrepreneurship Training on Students’ Capability of Agency and Entrepreneurship Intention

Lorena del Carmen Álvarez-Castañón and Pilar Arroyo

The chapter aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship training programmes implemented in public and private universities in the entity of Guanajuato…

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The chapter aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship training programmes implemented in public and private universities in the entity of Guanajuato, located in the central part of Mexico. A simple random sample of 449 students who participated in these programmes was collected. The survey data were statistically analysed to determine if the participants’ capability of agency and the influence of their closest social groups – university, family and regional socioenvironmental – increase the entrepreneurial intentions of university students. Results showed that the capability of agency was directly improved after participation in the programme, while entrepreneurial intentions were indirectly influenced by the institutional and business environment.

Details

Universities and Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Educational and Social Challenges
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-724620210000011006
ISBN: 978-1-83982-074-8

Keywords

  • Entrepreneurial intentions
  • entrepreneurship training
  • capability of agency
  • entrepreneurship environment
  • university students
  • Mexico

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