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Article
Publication date: 16 November 2015

Isaac Minde, Stephanus Terblanche, Bernard Bashaasha, Ignacio Casper Madakadze, Jason Snyder and Anthony Mugisha

Agricultural education and training (AET) institutions will play a strategic role in helping to prepare Africa’s rapidly growing youth populations for productive careers in…

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Abstract

Purpose

Agricultural education and training (AET) institutions will play a strategic role in helping to prepare Africa’s rapidly growing youth populations for productive careers in agriculture and related agri-businesses. The purpose of this paper is to examine the magnitude of skills and youth employment needs emanating from high-population growth rates. It then explores how agricultural education institutions are responding to these challenges in four different countries at different levels of food system development: South Africa tier 1, Tanzania in tier 2 and Malawi and Uganda in tier 3.

Design/methodology/approach

Demographic and school enrollment data provide information on the magnitude of job market entrants at different levels of education while Living Standards Measurement Studies in the respective countries provide a snapshot of current skill requirements in different segments of the agri-food system. In order to evaluate AET responses, the authors have conducted country-level reviews of AET systems as well as in-depth assessments at key tertiary AET institutions in each of the four case study countries.

Findings

Growth rates in primary school enrollments are high in sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, because of budgetary constraints, transition rates decline rapidly – about 40 percent from primary to secondary and 7 percent from secondary to tertiary. As a result, substantial numbers of primary and secondary school graduates seek jobs.

Research limitations/implications

The case study countries are limited to four. Had more financial resources and time been available, researchers could have spread further afield and in so doing increasing the precision of the results.

Originality/value

Estimation of the number of primary and secondary school leavers seeking employment because of failure to proceed to the next level of education. Estimation of the level of education shares in the various components of the agri-food system.

Details

Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-0839

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 19 May 2009

Jill Sperandio and Alice Kagoda

Girls’ access to education has improved in many of the world's developing countries. These countries are striving to meet the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs…

Abstract

Girls’ access to education has improved in many of the world's developing countries. These countries are striving to meet the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) requiring them to provide gender equality, promote the empowerment of women, and establish universal primary education (UPE) by 2015. The success of UPE in achieving gender equality in enrollment in those countries able to institute it is encouraging. Where previously girls trailed boys in their ability to access education due to parent inability or reluctance to pay the costs, they are now entering primary schools in comparable numbers (UNESCO, 1999, 2006).

Details

Gender, Equality and Education from International and Comparative Perspectives
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-094-0

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 4 August 2021

Henna M. Leino, Leila Hurmerinta and Birgitta Sandberg

Secondary customers often experience secondary vulnerabilities that manifest in family-centred transformative services as other- and self-related customer needs. Yet, a relational…

1918

Abstract

Purpose

Secondary customers often experience secondary vulnerabilities that manifest in family-centred transformative services as other- and self-related customer needs. Yet, a relational perspective on primary and secondary customers’ needs is lacking. The study analyses secondary customers’ needs and their relationship to primary customers’ needs to enhance well-being in customer entities. The service inclusion lens is used to understand customers’ experiences of vulnerability.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses an exploratory approach. The data consists of ethnographic observations and interviews of elderly residents (primary customers), their family members (secondary customers) and nurses in two nursing homes.

Findings

Primary and secondary customers’ needs are interrelated (or unrelated) in four ways: they are separate, congruent, intertwined or discrepant. The vulnerability experiences fluctuate in intensity and over time, individually reflecting on these need dimensions.

Research limitations/implications

The study contributes to service research concerning customers’ experiences of vulnerability, secondary customers and their inclusion in services. Primary customers’ service inclusion may increase/decrease secondary customers’ service inclusion and their experience of vulnerability. Moreover, secondary customers’ inclusion is often necessary to foster primary customers’ inclusion and well-being.

Practical implications

Fostering service inclusion and well-being for primary and secondary customers requires balanced inclusion and acknowledging the needs of both groups. Service providers may need to act as moderators within customer entities if discrepant needs occur.

Originality/value

The study addresses the under-researched areas of family members’ customer needs, their relation to primary customers’ needs, experiences of secondary vulnerability and context-related vulnerability.

Details

Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 35 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0887-6045

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 September 2020

Chundong Zheng, Liping Yuan, Xuemei Bian, Han Wang and Lei Huang

Management response to consumer comments has become a widely adopted marketing strategy to address the undesirable effects caused by negative remarks. Yet, when and what…

Abstract

Purpose

Management response to consumer comments has become a widely adopted marketing strategy to address the undesirable effects caused by negative remarks. Yet, when and what management response is more effective and under what circumstances remains under-researched. This study aims to fill this gap.

Design/methodology/approach

In three experiments using five different products, the authors manipulate psychological construal level (psychological distance: distant vs proximal) and management response (response of primary vs secondary features) and thereafter assess their bearings on consumer psychological and behavioral reaction toward products of two distinctive natures (hedonic vs utilitarian).

Findings

At a psychological distance, consumers show a preferable reaction to management response of primary over secondary features. In contrast, when the psychological distance is proximal, consumers react more positively to management response of secondary than primary features. In addition, these effects vary as a function of product nature, hedonic vs utilitarian.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this research bring a significant contribution to marketing communication literature and extend the construal level theory.

Practical implications

A better understanding of the relative effectiveness of distinct types of management response to negative consumer comments is essential for more targeted and effective marketing strategies.

Originality/value

Little research has documented the effects of distinct types of management response. How psychological distance might underpin these effects has not been explored. In addition, whether the interaction effect of management response and psychological distance varies with differences in product nature, namely, hedonic and utilitarian, remains unanswered until this research.

Book part
Publication date: 26 October 2015

Maria Teresa Tatto, Michael Rodriguez and Yang Lu

Are education systems converging toward a global model of teacher education or do local models tend to predominate in spite of attempts to reform them? How much do global…

Abstract

Are education systems converging toward a global model of teacher education or do local models tend to predominate in spite of attempts to reform them? How much do global, national, and local cultures shape and condition future teachers’ opportunities to learn to teach? How do these opportunities influence teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge? In this chapter we use data from the IEA’s first study of the effectiveness of pre-service teacher education in order to investigate teacher education policy, program structure, and outcomes. Using multilevel modeling we found that across countries individual characteristics have a similar and powerful influence on what future teachers come to know at the end of their pre-service programs. The effects of teacher education curriculum on future teachers’ mathematics pedagogical content knowledge reaffirm the prevalence of local cultures on the implementation of an increasingly globalized ideal. We conclude that while the provision of teacher education shares many common features in goals and structure across countries, it is strongly influenced by local conditions and norms, and by cultural notions of the knowledge that is considered essential – framing how quality is to be defined and operationalized – when learning to teach.

Details

Promoting and Sustaining a Quality Teacher Workforce
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-016-2

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 January 2023

Naren Shankar Radha Krishnan, Irish Angelin S., Ganesan V.G. and Sathish Kumar K.

In comparison to a nozzle with a larger/finite separation distance (Thanigaiarasu et al., 2019), a thin-lip nozzle (Srinivasarao et al., 2017) minimizes drag. Coaxial nozzles with…

Abstract

Purpose

In comparison to a nozzle with a larger/finite separation distance (Thanigaiarasu et al., 2019), a thin-lip nozzle (Srinivasarao et al., 2017) minimizes drag. Coaxial nozzles with thin lips are an appropriate tool for studying high subsonic jets because it does not create a dominant re-circulation zone. This study aims to analyze the characteristic of separation distances, between primary and secondary nozzles, within the range of 0.7–3.2 mm which can be considered a thin lip.

Design/methodology/approach

A separation distance of 0.7  (Papamoschou, 2004), 1.7  and 2.65 mm (Lovaraju and Rathakrishnan, 2011) is considered for the present study. The main nozzle exit Mach number is maintained at a subsonic condition of Mach 0.6, and the co-flowing nozzle exit Mach number is varied from 0% (secondary jet stopped/single jet) to 100% (Mach 0.6) in steps of 20% with respect to the main nozzle exit Mach number. A comparison was made between these velocity ratios for all three lip thicknesses in the present study. Design mesh and analysis were done by using Gambit 2.6.4 and Fluent 6.12. Velocity contours and turbulence contours were studied for qualitative analysis.

Findings

When lip thickness increases from 0.7 to 2.65 mm, the potential core length (PCL) of the primary jet decreases marginally. Additionally, the PCL of the primary jet elongates significantly as the velocity ratio increases. The primary shear layer is dominant at 20% co-flow (20 PCF), less dominant at 60% co-flow (60 PCF) and almost disappeared at 100% co-flow (100 PCF). Concurrently, the secondary shear layer almost disappeared in 20 PCF, dominant in 60 PCF and more dominant in 100 PCF. Different zones such as initial merging, intermediate and fully merged zones are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.

Practical implications

Co-flow nozzle is used in turbofan engine exhaust. The scaled-down model of a turbofan engine has been analyzed. Core length is directly proportional to the jet noise. The PCL signifies the jet noise reduction in a high-speed jet. For a low-velocity ratio, the potential core is reduced and hence can reduce the jet noise. At the same time, as the velocity ratio increases, the mass flow rate of the coaxial increases. The increase in the mass flow increases the thrust of the engine. The aircraft engine designer should analyze the requirement of the aircraft and choose the optimal velocity ratio coaxial nozzle for the engine exhaust (Papamoschou, 2004).

Originality/value

There have been many research studies carried out previously at various lip thickness such as 0.4  (Georgiadis, 2003), 0.7  (Papamoschou, 2004), 1.5  (Srinivasarao et al., 2014a), 1.7  (Sharma et al., 2008), 2  (Naren, Thanigaiarasu and Rathakrishnan, 2016), 2.65  (Lovaraju and Rathakrishnan, 2011), 3  (Inturiet al., 2022) and 3.2 mm (Perumal et al., 2020). However, there is no proper study to vary the lip thickness in this range from 0.7 to 3.2 mm to understand the flow behavior of a co-flowing jet.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 95 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 24 June 2008

Gregory Lee and Howard Lee

In light of contemporary critiques of New Zealand comprehensive schooling published mainly in the popular press, it is timely to re‐examine the origins of and the rationale for…

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Abstract

In light of contemporary critiques of New Zealand comprehensive schooling published mainly in the popular press, it is timely to re‐examine the origins of and the rationale for the widespread adoption of this model of education. The comprehensive schooling philosophy, it was recently alleged, has produced a situation in which ‘as many as one in five pupils in the system is failing’ and where ‘there is a large group at the bottom who are not succeeding’. This group was estimated to include some 153,000 students out of the total current New Zealand student population of 765,000. In this context, however, Chris Saunders and Mike Williams, principals of Onehunga High School and Aorere College in Auckland respectively, have noted that having underachieving students in secondary schools in particular is not a recent phenomenon. A large ‘tail’ of poor performing high school students has long been a cause of concern, Williams suggests.

Details

History of Education Review, vol. 37 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0819-8691

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1993

Helen Wildy and Clive Dimmock

There is increasing support for the importance of the principal′sinstructional leadership in school effectiveness. However, there isuncertainty over the extent to which principals…

Abstract

There is increasing support for the importance of the principal′s instructional leadership in school effectiveness. However, there is uncertainty over the extent to which principals actually engage in instructional leadership tasks. Investigates the perceptions held by principals and teachers of principals′ instructional leadership in a sample of Western Australian government primary and secondary schools using the Instructional Leadership Questionnaire. Instructional leadership was found to be a shared responsibility. Principals were perceived to be least involved in “managing the curriculum” and “evaluating and providing feedback”. Primary school principals were perceived to be more responsible for instructional leadership than their secondary counterparts. Principals of very small primary schools (less than 100 students) were most involved in tasks and those of middlesized primary schools (300 to 500 students) were least involved. “Providing rewards and recognition for high quality teaching” was the only instructional leadership task perceived not to be performed by either principals or teachers in both primary and secondary schools. Principals perceived themselves to be more involved in instructional leadership tasks than their staff perceived them to be.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 31 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 23 September 2020

Nancy Bouranta, Evangelos Psomas and Jiju Antony

The aim of this paper is to present the main findings of the studies in the field of quality management (QM) in primary and secondary education. Grouping these findings into…

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to present the main findings of the studies in the field of quality management (QM) in primary and secondary education. Grouping these findings into themes and these themes, in turn, into broad categories as well as prioritizing the themes of findings are also aims of the present study.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) of articles focusing on QM in primary and secondary education was carried out based on major publishers, namely Emerald Online, Taylor and Francis, Elsevier/Science Direct, Springer Link, Sage Publishing and Online. In total, 133 articles published in 62 journals during 1983–2019 were collected. The affinity diagram was applied in order to group the findings of the QM studies into logical themes and these themes into broad categories. Moreover, the Pareto diagram was applied to prioritize the themes revealed.

Findings

A plethora of articles focusing on QM in primary and secondary education have been published in the last decades. The findings of the QM studies presented in the 133 reviewed articles are grouped into 43 themes and these themes, in turn, into 6 broad categories, namely management practices, school characteristics, teachers, stakeholders, government and pupils. The analysis also reveals themes that can be characterized as “vital” and “useful.”

Practical implications

Researchers and school managers can take into consideration the findings of the QM studies in primary and secondary education as well as the themes of high priority for the design of future studies and QM implementation plans, respectively.

Originality/value

This is the first literature review study which presents analytically the findings of the QM studies in primary and secondary education. This study also contributes to the literature by formulating meaningful themes of these findings and broad categories of these themes and by prioritizing the themes revealed.

Details

The TQM Journal, vol. 33 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-2731

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 June 2019

Naren Shankar R. and Kevin Bennett S.

Subsonic commercial aircraft operate with turbo-fan engines that operate with moderate bypass ratio (BR) co-flowing jets (CFJ). This study aims to analyse CFJ with constant BR 6.3…

Abstract

Purpose

Subsonic commercial aircraft operate with turbo-fan engines that operate with moderate bypass ratio (BR) co-flowing jets (CFJ). This study aims to analyse CFJ with constant BR 6.3 and varying primary nozzle lip thickness (LT) to find a critical LT in CFJ below which mixing enhances and beyond which mixing inhibits.

Design/methodology/approach

CFJ were characterized with a constant BR of 6.3 and varying lip thicknesses. A single free jet with a diameter equal to that of a primary nozzle of the co-flowing jet was also studied for comparison.

Findings

The results show that within a critical limit, the mixing enhanced with an increase in LT. This was signified by a reduction in potential core length (PCL). Beyond this limit, mixing inhibited leading to the elongation of PCL. This limit was controlled by parameters such as LT and magnitude of BR.

Practical implications

The BR value of CFJ in the present study was 6.3. This lies under the moderate BR value at which subsonic commercial turbofan operates. Hence, it becomes impervious to study its mixing behavior.

Originality/value

This is the first effort to find the critical value of LT for a constant BR for compressible co-flow jets. The CFJ with moderate BR and varying LT has not been studied in the past. The present study focuses on finding a critical LT below which mixing enhances and above which mixing inhibits.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 91 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

1 – 10 of over 55000