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1 – 10 of over 5000By the end of this chapter on minors, internet-enabled devices and online shopping behaviour, readers will be able to
- Identify fundamental benefits and harm engendered when minors…
Abstract
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this chapter on minors, internet-enabled devices and online shopping behaviour, readers will be able to
Identify fundamental benefits and harm engendered when minors have unlimited access to internet-enabled devices
Locate the main catalysts of benefit and harm to minors due to internet usage
Show how a priori studies have created a rich and balanced narrative in the field of benefits and harm of the internet to minors
Argue how the benefits outweigh the harm (or vice versa) impacting on minors in unlimited use of the internet
Develop strategies to enhance the benefits and limit the harm caused by unlimited access to the internet
Identify fundamental benefits and harm engendered when minors have unlimited access to internet-enabled devices
Locate the main catalysts of benefit and harm to minors due to internet usage
Show how a priori studies have created a rich and balanced narrative in the field of benefits and harm of the internet to minors
Argue how the benefits outweigh the harm (or vice versa) impacting on minors in unlimited use of the internet
Develop strategies to enhance the benefits and limit the harm caused by unlimited access to the internet
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Whiton S. Paine, Karen Stewart and Evonne Kruger
Proposes a general rationale for acting cautiously when marketing to children, and indicates some possibly inappropriate managerial attitudes: for instance that minors are…
Abstract
Proposes a general rationale for acting cautiously when marketing to children, and indicates some possibly inappropriate managerial attitudes: for instance that minors are basically small adults, that parents rather than companies should protect children in the marketplace, that all marketing is directed at adults, that certain practice are acceptable because they were done in the past, that managers were once children, and that the company’s practices must be acceptable if they are legal. Suggests ways that companies can remedy this: appoint an ethics officer and take ethics training seriously, avoid dubious products and marketing that support premature maturation and the end of childhood, accept an “in loco parentis” role with regard to children, and remain alert to new threats.
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Kristien Daems, Ingrid Moons and Patrick De Pelsmacker
This study aims to explore which media 9- and 10-year-old children and 12- and 13-year-old teenagers encounter and which campaign elements (media, spokesperson, appeal and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore which media 9- and 10-year-old children and 12- and 13-year-old teenagers encounter and which campaign elements (media, spokesperson, appeal and message) are most appreciated by these target groups in awareness campaigns to raise their advertising literacy.
Design/methodology/approach
The study applies a methodology that is commonly used in design sciences to the field of advertising. Co-creation workshops with minors and professionals are used for the development of awareness campaign stimuli. In the first study, four co-creation workshops with 19 children (11 girls and 8 boys) of the fourth grade and four co-creation workshops with 16 teenagers (10 girls and 6 boys) of the seventh grade were organised. In the second study, nine professionals who work for and/or with minors or have experience in product design or marketing participated in a co-creation workshop.
Findings
Children are best approached though traditional media, whereas social media are used best to reach teenagers. Children prefer cartoons, whereas the results for the most appealing spokesperson in teenagers are mixed. Humoristic campaigns with a short message are preferred by both target groups.
Research limitations/implications
The results offer implications for practice and public policy with respect to awareness campaign building and social media marketing campaigns targeted at children and teenagers. To further corroborate the findings of this study, more pupils from different schools and different age groups should be studied. Moreover, the method used in this study can be applied in future research on awareness campaigns aimed at minors for other causes.
Originality/value
The methodological contribution of the study is the application of co-creation tools and techniques on the development of advertising campaigns for minors.
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Luisa Dolores Zozaya-Durazo, Charo Sádaba-Chalezquer and Beatriz Feijoo‐Fernández
Disinformation has become a latent risk for online audiences, specifically for minors who are commonly exposed to a wide variety of online content at a time they are developing…
Abstract
Purpose
Disinformation has become a latent risk for online audiences, specifically for minors who are commonly exposed to a wide variety of online content at a time they are developing cognitively and emotionally. This paper aims to offer insight on minors’ perception and the tools used by this age group to verify the content to which they are exposed while online.
Design/methodology/approach
Twelve focus groups were held in Spain between April and June 2021 with a total of 62 participants aged 11–17. Besides age, sex and socioeconomic group were variables taken into consideration to select the participants. A script covering the intended questions was used to structure the discussion.
Findings
Result analysis reveals that minors are excessively confident in their ability to identify false news and feel the need to share content with their online community as a means of participation in discussions or trending topics. Although WhatsApp family groups are seen as a source of misleading news, the study reveals that the family and traditional media (mainly television) act as sources of verification of fake news for minors. In general, minors opt for actions that require less initiative to contrast the content they consume on the internet.
Originality/value
This study produces new findings by further deepening the results of the first quantitative study on the relationship between minors and disinformation in Spain using qualitative method from conducting virtual focus groups.
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Taxonomies (e.g., classification schemes) are valuable in that they clarify and create conceptual and theoretical frameworks to integrate a large variety of research (Brinkmann…
Abstract
Taxonomies (e.g., classification schemes) are valuable in that they clarify and create conceptual and theoretical frameworks to integrate a large variety of research (Brinkmann, 2002; Crié, 2003). In addition, taxonomies draw attention to the importance of a subject and provide a framework for organizing what we know and what we have yet to explore (Berenbaum, Raghavan, Le, Vernon, & Gomez, 2003). This article develops a taxonomy to explore the ethical considerations of advertising professionals. A netnographic study was conducted and the results are presented. A taxonomy is developed in which advertising practitioner concerns are classified into four categories: (1) societal impact, (2) industry norms and rules, (3) my ethical dilemmas, (4) others’ behavior, and (5) industry responses. This research supports and extends previous academic research into advertising ethics.
The intention of this paper is to encourage debate among ethical researchers on this very important issue. Research necessary to underpin health education and health promotion is…
Abstract
Purpose
The intention of this paper is to encourage debate among ethical researchers on this very important issue. Research necessary to underpin health education and health promotion is often controversial and often involves vulnerable populations such as young people and children. It is essential that the rights of these respondents are protected in every research project. Current research ethical approval processes aim to protect these rights but have the potential to undermine the viability of research projects in this area. This paper addresses two ethical issues associated with this research: the approval process and respondent consent.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper looks at the codified antecedents of common ethical guidelines and discusses their application in a particular but not unusual health education research project.
Findings
The paper recommends the adoption of a simplified approval process and greater appreciation of the merits of researching among students in a classroom setting, when these students are an appropriate target market.
Research limitations/implications
Much health education research falls between medical research and marketing research. Guidelines for this sort of research need to be developed through discussion among practitioners and academics in the field.
Originality/value
Adoption of this simplified approach will facilitate more important research being undertaken without jeopardizing the rights or the welfare of the vulnerable respondents involved.
Ioannis Krasonikolakis and Nancy Pouloudi
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to provide an overview of related studies and to highlight research gaps and questions that need to be addressed. Research conducted in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to provide an overview of related studies and to highlight research gaps and questions that need to be addressed. Research conducted in three-dimensional (3D) online environments constitutes a different research context, not least because it involves the recruitment of avatars in the research process. Researchers need to appreciate better the ethical concerns that arise in this novel, fast-evolving context and how these concern different stakeholders.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper employs an interdisciplinary desk-research approach. It critically reviews related literature, highlights the involved stakeholders, discusses ethical issues from a marketing research perspective and concludes with a discussion of related studies and research gaps, providing direct future research avenues.
Findings
The characteristics of the 3D online environments and the behaviour and experiences of their users set the boundaries and guide the way regarding the ethical research in this context.
Research limitations/implications
The paper does not present primary empirical results, instead it reviews and critiques related literature in 3D online environments and sets the agenda for future research.
Practical implications
The paper provides ethical guidelines and identifies blurred areas in conducting or participating in research in 3D online environments.
Originality/value
Based on earlier studies and examples of ethical concerns when studying 3D online environments, this paper emphasises the parameters that should be taken into consideration in current and future research studies.
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Nick Burton and Simon Chadwick
The purpose of this paper is to explore attitudes towards ambush marketing at the 2016 Union of European Football Associations European Championships, seeking to examine fan…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore attitudes towards ambush marketing at the 2016 Union of European Football Associations European Championships, seeking to examine fan affect towards ambush marketing.
Design/methodology/approach
A 24-item survey questionnaire was constructed, exploring consumers’ general cognition and affection of ambush marketing; following Dickson et al.’s (2015) design, industry-specific attitudes were canvassed, assessing supporters’ views of beer and gambling industry ambush marketers.
Findings
Results indicate that fans appear to be marginally more forgiving of ambush practices from beer or gambling brands than across ambushing more generally, yet a prevailing antipathy towards ambush marketing from an ethical perspective was observed. Importantly, however, the study’s findings suggest that industry-specific advertising regulations bear little impact on fan perspectives.
Practical implications
The study’s results bear notable implications for marketing theory and practice: for ambushing brands, this suggests that they are rather less likely to be have a disruptive effect on events and their official sponsors. For official sponsors, a level of threat from ambushers nevertheless remains as it would appear consumers do not have strong views about the practice of ambushing.
Originality/value
The study’s methods build upon and extend previous studies into consumer attitudes towards ambush marketing, specifically focusing on the perceptions and affect of fans in lieu of more empirically generalisable consumer populations. Given the target audiences of sponsors and ambush marketers, this emphasis on fan attitudes represents an important direction in ambush affect research.
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Reviews the development of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept and its four components: economic, legal, ethical and altruistic duties. Discusses different…
Abstract
Reviews the development of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept and its four components: economic, legal, ethical and altruistic duties. Discusses different perspectives on the proper role of business in society, from profit making to community service provider. Suggests that much of the confusion and controversy over CSR stem from a failure to distinguish among ethical, altruistic and strategic forms of CSR. On the basis of a thorough examination of the arguments for and against altruistic CSR, concurs with Milton Friedman that altruistic CSR is not a legitimate role of business. Proposes that ethical CSR, grounded in the concept of ethical duties and responsibilities, is mandatory. Concludes that strategic CSR is good for business and society. Advises that marketing take a lead role in strategic CSR activities. Notes difficulties in CSR practice and offers suggestions for marketers in planning for strategic CSR and for academic researchers in further clarifying the boundaries of strategic CSR.
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This paper aims to examine the Nigerian advertising environment with children as the target audience in relation to its regulatory system.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the Nigerian advertising environment with children as the target audience in relation to its regulatory system.
Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive review of the extant relevant literature was conducted to provide the needed framework for exploring the state of ethics in advertising to children in Nigeria.
Findings
While it is shown that Nigeria like most other countries of the world has regulations on advertising to children in place, some examples from the industry indicate that some of the advertisers/marketers are not embracing these fully, hence the recommendation for a robust strengthening of how these rules are being implemented.
Social implications
The regulations will ensure a society which enjoys an ethically acceptable advertising with respect to children and their upbringing and safety, and will consequently be beneficial to all the stakeholders including the international community.
Originality/value
The paper reiterates the complexity inherent in the nature of the relevance of adverting to the life of children. Thus, it acknowledges its roles both as a beneficial tool which informs, educates, and offers social benefits; and the downside which revolves around its major criticism of being adopted unethically largely based on the irregularities in the way some marketers use it in the studied context.
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