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This study aims to focus on understanding how the characteristics of the bed and breakfast (B&B) host responses to online reviews impact the subsequent business performance of review volume, including volume, timeliness and length of responses.

The study constructs a theoretical framework to model for the relationships among characteristics of the B&B host responses, heterogeneity of B&B houses and subsequent reviews. The model is then examined by an econometric model using data from Ctrip.com.

Prompt and lengthy responses to online reviews increase the number of subsequent reviews, and the effects are larger for higher level houses. The main theoretical contribution is to build a model explaining how multiple attributes of the host responses can affect business performance and how these effects are moderated by the class levels of B&B houses, which are empirically tested by real data.

This study highlights managerial implications of host responses for online B&B business practices. For the higher-quality B&B houses, based on price and reviews, lengthy and timely responses are necessary, as tourists expect increased customer service from these hosts.

The research provides insights in understanding the mechanism of B&B host responses on subsequent reviews. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the moderating effect of price and volume of online reviews on responses.

共享民宿房主对在线评论的反应如何影响后续评论：房屋等级的调节效应

本研究旨着重探讨民宿房主对网上评论的回应特性如何影响评论量的后续经营绩效, 包括回复数量、及时性和回复的长度。

方法 -- 本研究首先构建理论框架, 对民宿房主的在线回应特征、民宿房屋的异质性特征与后续评论之间的关系进行建模。该模型通过一个计量经济学模型对从携程网收集的数据进行了检验.

研究结果 -- 本研究的结果显示, 对在线旅游评论提供及时和冗长的回复, 可能会增加未来的预订数量, 从而增加后续的评论,并且这个影响随着房屋等级的提高而增加。本文的主要理论贡献是建立一个模型来解释房屋主人在线回应的多重属性如何影响他们的经营绩效, 以及这些影响是如何被房屋等级所调节的,并通过真实数据对理论进行了验证。

研究意义 -- 该研究有助于将研究重点从在线评论和口碑转移到管理层的回应效应。我们的研究结果印证了之前的研究关于评论量可以影响口碑信息说服力及其他口碑相关特征（如管理层回应）影响的结论。

管理启示 -- 本研究的结果, 向民宿房主提供了具体的管理启示, 为网上民宿商业管理提供参考。对于价格更高、在线声誉较高的B&B房屋, 应提供更多及时的回应, 因为游客期望得到更友好的客户服务。

原创性 -- 这项研究提供了关于民宿房主在线回应对后续评论量影响机制的探索。并将是首次尝试验证价格和在线评论量对在线回复影响的调节作用。

Entendiendo cómo las respuestas de los dueños de establecimientos de B&B a las opiniones de los turistas en línea promoverán las opiniones subsiguientes: Los efectos moderadores del nivel de clase de los establecimientos de B&B

Resumen

Propósito -- Este estudio se centra en comprender cómo las características de las respuestas de los anfitriones de alojamientos B&B influyen en el rendimiento empresarial de volumen de reseñas; esto incluye el número de respuestas, la puntualidad de la respuesta y la duración de la misma.

Metodología -- En primer lugar, el estudio construye un marco teórico para establecer un modelo de relación entre las características de las respuestas de los anfitriones de alojamientos, heterogéneos de alojamientos B&B y las revisiones posteriores. A continuación, el modelo es examinado por un modelo econométrico a partir de los datos recogidos en ctrip.com.

Resultados -- Se ha demostrado que las respuestas rápidas y extensas a las reseñas en línea pueden aumentar potencialmente el número de reseñas posteriores, y tuvieron un mayor impacto en las viviendas de gran altura. La principal contribución teórica de este trabajo es construir un modelo para explicar cómo los múltiples factores de la respuesta de los anfitriones pueden afectar a su rendimiento empresarial y cómo estos efectos son moderados por las nivel de los alojamientos B&B, través de los datos reales de la prueba empírica.

Implicaciones prácticas -- Proporciona una referencia para la práctica empresarial de los alojamientos B&B en línea, al informar sobre las implicaciones específicas de gestión para los anfitriones de alojamientos B&B. En el caso de las casas de alojamientos B&B de mayor nivel, con precios más altos y más reseñas en línea, se deberían dar más respuestas oportunas, ya que los turistas esperan de los anfitriones un servicio de atención al cliente más amable.

Originalidad -- La investigación permite comprender el mecanismo de las respuestas de los anfitriones de alojamientos B&B en las reseñas posteriores. Sería el primer intento de demostrar el efecto moderador del precio y el volumen de las reseñas en línea sobre el impacto de las respuestas.

The study aims to devise a comprehensive evaluation model (CEM) for evaluating spatial equity in the layout of elderly service facilities (ESFs) to address the inequity in the layout of ESFs within city center communities characterized by limited land resources and a dense elderly population.

The CEM incorporates a suite of analytical tools, including accessibility assessment, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient evaluations and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Utilizing this model, the study scrutinized the distributional equity of three distinct categories of ESFs in the city center of Xi’an and proposed targeted optimization strategies.

The findings reveal that (1) there are disparities in ESFs’ accessibility among different categories and communities, manifesting a distinct center (high) and periphery (low) distribution pattern; (2) there exists inequality in ESFs distribution, with nearly 50% of older adults accessing only 18% of elderly services, and these inequalities are more pronounced in urban areas with lower accessibility, and (3) approximately 14.7% of communities experience a supply-demand disequilibrium, with demand surpassing supply as a predominant issue in the ongoing development of ESFs.

The CEM formulated in this study offers policymakers, urban planners and service providers a scientific foundation and guidance for decision-making or policy amendment by promptly assessing and pinpointing areas of spatial inequity in ESFs and identifying deficiencies in their development.

Diversity and uncertainty summarise Taiwan’s Generation Z. Diversity because the background of fewer than 3.4 million Taiwanese, which is less than 20% of the overall population, cannot be included in a ‘one-fits-all’ category. As a sovereign nation, Taiwan has developed through various cultural, economic, and political stages. Democratic freedom has given the Taiwanese the right and terrain to de-Sinicise their homeland and politically construct ‘Taiwanese Consciousness’. These points are essential, because this is the societal fabric given to Generation Zers. Apart from national identity, this chapter illustrates the uncertainties that Generation Zers are facing in relation to education, job opportunities, and living standards. It is suggested that conditions are easier for those that have received ‘superior’ education and have enjoyed family-economic support. Their consumer behaviour, Generation Z in the workplace, as well as voters are also carefully analysed in this chapter.

This paper aims to reveal the tribochemical reaction mechanism on the nano-cutting interface between HMX crystal and diamond tool.

Molecular dynamics simulation of HMX crystal nano-cutting by the reactive force field is carried out in this paper. The affinity of activated atoms and friction damage at the different interface have been well identified by comparing two cutting systems with diamond tool or indenter. The analyses of reaction kinetics, decomposition products and reaction pathways are performed to reveal the underlying atomistic origins of tribocatalytic reaction on the nano-cutting interface.

The HMX crystals only undergo damage and removal in the indenter cutting, while they appear to accelerate thermal decomposition in the diamond cutting. the C-O affinity is proved to be the intrinsic reason of the tribocatalytic reaction of the HMX-diamond cutting system. The reaction activation energy of the HMX crystals in the diamond cutting system is lower, resulting in a rapid increase in the decomposition degree. The free O atoms can induce the asymmetric ring-opening mode and change the decomposition pathways, which is the underlying atomistic origins of the thermal stability of the HMX-diamond cutting system.

This paper describes a method for analyzing the tribochemical behavior of HMX and diamond, which is beneficial to study the thermal stability in the nano-cutting of HMX.

The purpose of this paper is to achieve optimal climbing control of the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) robot, as the authors know that the GIS inspection robot is a kind of artificial intelligent mobile equipment which auxiliary or even substitute human labor drive on the inner wall of the gas-insulated metal enclosed switchgear. The GIS equipment fault inspection and maintenance can be realized through the robot manipulator on the mobile platform and the camera carried on the fuselage, and it is a kind of intelligent equipment for operation. To realize the inspection and operation of the GIS equipment pipeline without blind spots, the robot is required to be able to travel on any wall inside the pipeline, especially the top of the pipeline and both right and left sides of the pipeline, which requires the flexible climbing of the GIS inspection robot. The robot device has a certain adsorption function to ensure that the robot is fully attached to the wall surface. At the same time, the robot manipulator can be used for collision-free obstacle avoidance operation planning in the narrow operation space inside the GIS equipment.

The above two technologies are the key that the robot completes the GIS equipment inspections. Based on this, this paper focuses on modeling and analysis of the chassis adsorption characteristics for the GIS inspection robot. At the same time, the Denavit Hartenberg (D-H) coordinate model of the robot arm system has been established, and the kinematics forward and inverse solutions of the robot manipulator system have been derived.

The reachable working space point cloud diagram of the robot manipulator in MATLAB has been obtained based on the kinematics analysis, and the operation trajectory planning of the robot manipulator using the robot toolbox has been obtained. The simulation results show that the robot manipulator system can realize the movement without collision and obstacle avoidance. The space can cover the entire GIS pipeline so as to achieve no blind area operation.

Finally, the GIS inspection robot physical prototype system has been developed through system integration design, and the inspection, maintenance operation experiment has been carried out in the actual GIS equipment. The entire robot system can complete the GIS equipment inspection operation soundly and improve the operation efficiency. The research in this paper has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the optimization design and practical research of the GIS inspection robot system.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental efficiency level and trend of the transportation sector in the upper–mid–downstream of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the JingJinJi region in China and assess the effectiveness of policies for protecting the low-carbon environment.

This study uses the meta-frontier slack-based measure (SBM) approach to evaluate environmental efficiency, which targets and classifies specific regions into regional groups. First, this study employs the SBM with the undesirable outputs to construct the environmental efficiency measurement models of the four regions under the meta-frontier and group frontiers, respectively. Then, this study uses the technology gap ratio to evaluate the gap between the group frontier and the meta-frontier.

The analysis reveals several key findings: (1) the JingJinJi region and the downstream of the YEB had achieved the overall optimal production technology in transportation than the other two regions; (2) significant technology gaps in environmental efficiency were observed among these four regions in China; and (3) the downstream region of the YEB exhibited the lowest levels of energy consumption and excessive CO₂ emissions.

To evaluate the differences in environmental efficiency resulting from regions and technological gaps in transportation, this study employs the meta-frontier model, which overcomes the limitation of traditional environmental efficiency methods. Furthermore, in the practical, the study provides the advantage of observing the disparities in transportation efficiency performed by the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei regions.

International business (IB) and strategy research in the context of emerging economies (EEs) has focused traditionally on the strategies of firms in and from those markets to seize opportunities arising from their economic growth. This paper aims to demonstrate that declining industries in EEs are an important but overlooked research context for critical IB scholarship and to illuminate special considerations for strategising under those conditions.

This paper provides an overview of declining industries in EEs and includes an illustration of a sample of such industries in major EEs. This paper then critically reviews research on firms’ strategies in declining industries and extends that critical discussion to the EE context.

Firstly, this paper provides evidence relating to declines in industries in EEs. Secondly, this paper identifies three major strategies that firms use in response to an industry decline and critically discusses those strategies’ manifestations and special considerations in the context of EEs.

Industry decline in EEs and the resultant responses of multi-national enterprises and local firms, such as business exit, market competition and firm diversification strategies, cause significant social challenges. This paper calls for further research on the phenomenon, especially regarding its distinctive ramifications compared with those in the context of developed countries.

This paper contributes to the critical IB scholarship by questioning the assumptions around high economic growth in individual EE industries and by challenging a universalistic approach that applies findings grounded in declining industries in developed countries to the distinctive context of EEs. This paper also provides forward-looking expositions concerning industry decline in EEs.