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The purpose of this paper is to outline more computational schemes which provide a low computational cost approach to analyze flow characteristics through tube bundles. Flow through tube bundles has been numerically simulated by means of an alternative approach so as to assess flow behavior and its characteristics.

A Cartesian‐staggered grid based finite‐volume solver has been implemented. Furthermore, the ghost‐cell method in conjunction with Great‐Source‐Term technique has been employed in order to directly enforce no‐slip condition on the tubes boundaries. Before giving a solution for flow field through tube bundles, the accuracy of the solver is validated by simulation of flow in the cavity and also over a single circular cylinder. The results are completely compatible with the experiments reported in the literature.

Eventually, the flow through two types of tube bundles in in‐line square and general staggered arrangements in Re = 100 are simulated and analyzed. For these tube bundles that are being studied, the maximum drag and lift coefficients and maximum gap velocities have been numerically obtained. The same simulations have been also performed for the cases where the tube bundles are confined by two lateral walls.

These configurations are frequently used in heat exchangers, steam boilers, nuclear reactors, and many mechanical structures.

The adapted method is firstly implemented to simulate flow through tube bundles and the analyzed simulations have not previously been presented by other researches.

Detailed results of numerical calculations of transient, 2D incompressible flow around and in the wake of a square prism at Re = 100, 200 and 500 are presented. An implicit finite‐difference operator‐splitting method, a version of the known SIMPLEC‐like method on a staggered grid, is described. Appropriate theoretical results are presented. The method has second‐order accuracy in space, conserving mass, momentum and kinetic energy. A new modification of the multigrid method is employed to solve the elliptic pressure problem. Calculations are performed on a sequence of spatial grids with up to 401 × 321 grid points, at sequentially halved time steps to ensure grid‐independent results. Three types of flow are shown to exist at Re = 500: a steady‐state unstable flow and two which are transient, fully periodic and asymmetric about the centre line but mirror symmetric to each other. Discrete frequency spectra of drag and lift coefficients are presented.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new finite difference method for solving the seismic wave propagation in fluid-solid media, which can be described by the acoustic and viscoelastic wave equations for the fluid and solid parts, respectively.

In this paper, the authors introduced a coordinate transformation method for seismic wave simulation method. In the new method, the irregular fluid–solid interface is transformed into a horizontal interface. Then, a multi-block coordinate transformation method is proposed to mesh every layer to curved grids and transforms every interface to horizontal interface. Meanwhile, a variable grid size is used in different regions according to the shape and the velocity within each region. Finally, a Lebedev-standard staggered coupled grid scheme for curved grids is applied in the multi-block coordinate transformation method to reduce the computational cost.

The instability in the auxiliary coordinate system caused by the standard staggered grid scheme is resolved using a curved grid viscoelastic wave field separation strategy. Several numerical examples are solved using this new method. It has been shown that the new method is stable, efficient and highly accurate in solving the seismic wave equation defined on domain with irregular fluid–solid interface.

First, the irregular fluid–solid interface is transformed into a horizontal interface by using the coordinate transformation method. The conversion between pressures and stresses is easy to implement and adaptive to different irregular fluid–solid interface models, because the normal stress and shear stress vanish when the normal angle is 90° in the interface. Moreover, in the new method, the strong false artificial boundary reflection and instability caused by ladder-shaped grid discretion are resolved as well.

The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate steady, laminar natural and mixed convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional cavity by using a finite volume method with a fourth-order approximation of convective terms, with and without the presence of nanoparticles. Highly accurate benchmark results are also provided.

A finite volume method on a non-uniform staggered grid is used for the solution of two-dimensional momentum and energy conservation equations. Diffusion terms, in the momentum and energy equations, are approximated using second-order central differences, whereas a non-uniform four-point fourth-order interpolation (FPFOI) scheme is developed for the convective terms. Coupled mass and momentum conservation equations are solved iteratively using a semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation method.

For the case of natural convection problem at high-Rayleigh numbers, grid density must be sufficiently high in order to obtain grid-independent results and capture reality of the physics. Heat transfer enhancement for natural convection is observed up to a certain value of the nanoparticle volume fraction. After that value, heat transfer deterioration is found with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction.

Developed a non-uniform FPFOI scheme. Highly accurate benchmark results for the heat transfer of Al₂O₃-water nanofluid in a cavity are provided.

In this paper the effects of choosing dependent variables and cell face velocities on convergence of the SIMPLE algorithm are discussed. Using different velocity components as either dependent variables or cell‐face velocities, both convergent rate and calculation accuracy of the algorithm are compared and studied. A novel method, named “cross‐correction”, is developed to improve the convergence of the algorithm of using non‐orthogonal grids. Cases with benchmark and analytical solutions are used for numerical experiments and validation. The results show that, although different velocity components are employed as either dependent variables or cell face velocities, there is no obvious difference in both the convergent rates and numerical solutions. Moreover, the “cross‐correction” method is validated by computations with several first‐order and high‐order convection schemes; and the generality of convergence improvement achieved by the method is shown in the paper.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the nonhomogeneous model on the mixed convection of Al2O3–Fe3O4 Bingham plastic hybrid nanofluid in a ventilated enclosure subject to an externally imposed uniform magnetic field. Entropy generation and the pressure drop are determined to analyze the performance of the heat transfer. The significance of Joule heating arising due to the applied magnetic field on the heat transfer of the yield stress fluid is described.

The ventilation in the enclosure of heated walls is created by an opening on one vertical wall through which cold fluid is injected and another opening on the opposite vertical wall through which fluid can flow out.

This study finds that the inclusion of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with the Al₂O₃-viscoplastic nanofluid augments the heat transfer. This rate of enhancement in heat transfer is higher than the rate by which the entropy generation is increased as well as the enhancement in the pressure drop. The yield stress has an adverse effect on the heat transfer; however, it favors thermal mixing. The magnetic field, which is acting opposite to the direction of the inlet jet, manifests heat transfer of the viscoplastic hybrid nanofluid. The horizontal jet of cold fluid produces the optimal heat transfer.

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the inclined cold jet of viscoplastic electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid on heat transfer from the enclosure in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. The combined effect of hybrid nanoparticles and a magnetic field to enhance heat transfer of a viscoplastic fluid in a ventilated enclosure has not been addressed before.

This paper aims to tackle the problem of some ambiguity of the momentum equation formulation in the commonly used macroscopic models of two‐phase solid/liquid region, developing during alloy solidification. These different appearances of the momentum equation are compared and the issue is addressed of how the choice of the particular form affects velocity and temperature fields.

Attention is focused on the ensemble averaging method, which, owing to its stochastic nature, is a new promising tool for setting up the macroscopic transport equations in highly inhomogeneous multiphase micro‐ and macro‐structures, with morphology continuously changing in time when the solidification proceeds. The basic assumptions of the two other continuum models, i.e. based on the classical mixture theory and on the volume‐averaging technique, are also unveiled. These three different forms of the momentum equation are then compared analytically and their impact on calculated velocity and temperature distribution in the mushy zone is studied for the selected test problem of binary alloy solidification driven by diffusion and thermal natural convection in a square mould.

It is found that a chosen appearance of the momentum equation mildly affects temporal velocity/temperature, and shapes of the phase interface at longer times of the solidification.

This mainly results from small variations of the liquid fraction across the mushy zone and from a low solidification rate, and it may change drastically when anisotropic properties of the mushy zone, solutal convection, different phase densities and cooling conditions are considered. Therefore, further comprehensive study is needed.

The paper addresses how the different focus of the momentum equation for liquid flow is compared.

Flow in the cavity with heat generating body finds wide domestic and industrial applications. The heat transfer characteristics and the irreversibility generated in the cavity depend on mainly the cavity size, aspect ratio of the heat generating body, and inlet/exit port locations. In the present study, effect of exit port locations on the heat transfer characteristics and irreversibility generation in a square cavity with heat generating body is investigated. A numerical simulation is carried out to predict the velocity and temperature fields in the cavity. To examine the effect of solid body aspect ratio on the heat transfer characteristics two extreme aspect ratios (0.25 and 4.0) are considered in the analysis. Fifteen different locations of exit port are introduced while air is used as an environment in the cavity. It is found that non‐uniform cooling of the solid body occurs for exit port location numbers of 13 and beyond. In this case, heat transfer reduces while irreversibility increases in the cavity. These findings are valid for both aspect ratios of the solid body.

A solution algorithm for the numerical calculation of isothermal fluid flow inside gas turbine combustors is presented. The finite‐volume method together with curvilinear non‐orthogonal coordinates and a non‐staggered grid arrangement is employed. Cartesian velocity components are chosen as dependent variables in the momentum equations. The turbulent flow inside the combustor is modelled by the k—ε turbulence model. The grid is generated by solving elliptic equations. This solution algorithm, which can be used on both can‐type and annular combustors, is tested on a water model can‐type combustor because of the availability of geometrical and experimental data for comparison.

This study is concerned with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a turbulent channel flow by an improved vortex in cell (VIC) method. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

First, two improvements for VIC method are proposed to heighten the numerical accuracy and efficiency. A discretization method employing a staggered grid is presented to ensure the consistency among the discretized equations as well as to prevent the numerical oscillation of the solution. A correction method for vorticity is also proposed to compute the vorticity field satisfying the solenoidal condition. Second, the DNS for a turbulent channel flow is conducted by the improved VIC method. The Reynolds number based on the friction velocity and the channel half width is 180.

It is highlighted that the simulated turbulence statistics, such as the mean velocity, the Reynolds shear stress and the budget of the mean enstrophy, agree well with the existing DNS results. It is also shown that the organized flow structures in the near-wall region, such as the streaks and the streamwise vortices, are favourably captured. These demonstrate the high applicability of the improved VIC method to the DNS for wall turbulent flows.

This study enables the VIC method to perform the DNS for wall turbulent flows.