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Introduction Many researchers have used a number of organic and inorganic compounds to retard the dissolution of metals and alloys in various aggressive media. It is well‐known that a particular inhibitor which gives a very high efficiency for a metal‐corrosive system may not function similarly in other metal‐corrosive systems. It therefore becomes necessary to seek better inhibitors for different systems. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of cyclohexyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐thiotetrazine in controlling corrosion of mild steel in neutral media.

The purpose of this research paper is to develop an algorithm/methodology for the reduction of a fuzzy recognizer through an algebraic concept such as homomorphism.

The approach of this research is to introduce the concepts, compatible with the purpose of this paper, and then to find a necessary and sufficient condition for the reduction of a fuzzy recognizer.

A fuzzy Σ‐recognizer M with non‐empty fuzzy initial state and the behavior A is reduced if and only if it is isomorphic to M^A.

The research proposes an algebraic method for the reduction of a fuzzy recognizer. The problem of finding dispensable fuzzy productions of a regular fuzzy grammar may be tackled by the use this algebraic method, as fuzzy recognizers and fuzzy regular grammars are equivalent.

The concepts and the methodology are original. The work is useful to the researchers in the field of fuzzy automata, fuzzy grammars and pattern recognition.

The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the perishable inventory models along various dimensions such as its evolution, scope, demand, shelf life, replenishment policy, modeling techniques and research gaps.

In total, 418 relevant and scholarly articles of various researchers and practitioners during 1990-2016 were reviewed. They were critically analyzed along author profile, nature of perishability, research contributions of different countries, publication along time, research methodologies adopted, etc. to draw fruitful conclusions. The future research for perishable inventory modeling was also discussed and suggested.

There are plethora of perishable inventory studies with divergent objectives and scope. Besides demand and perishable rate in perishable inventory models, other factors such as price discount, allow shortage or not, inflation, time value of money and so on were found to be combined to make it more realistic. The modeling of inventory systems with two or more perishable items is limited. The multi-echelon inventory with centralized decision and information sharing is acquiring lot of importance because of supply chain integration in the competitive market.

Only peer-reviewed journals and conference papers were analyzed, whereas the manuals, reports, white papers and blood-related articles were excluded. Clustering of literature revealed that future studies should focus on stochastic modeling.

Stress had been laid to identify future research gaps that will help in developing realistic models. The present work will form a guideline to choose the appropriate methodology(s) and mathematical technique(s) in different situations with perishable inventory.

The current review analyzed 419 research papers available in the literature on perishable inventory modeling to summarize its current status and identify its potential future directions. Also the future research gaps were uncovered. This systemic review is strongly felt to fill the gap in the perishable inventory literature and help in formulating effective strategies to design of an effective and efficient inventory management system for perishable items.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative impact of psychological HRD climate and HRD climate quality on work engagement. In addition, the paper attempts to examine the boundary conditions of the proposed relationship by proposing and testing HRD climate strength as the moderator of the relationship between psychological HRD climate, HRD climate quality and work engagement.

Data were collected from a total of 375 business executives from select business organizations in India using standardized measurement instruments. As the present study involved variables at different levels of analysis, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) approach was utilized for the purpose of data analyses.

The results of HLM revealed that the shared employee perception of development climate accounted for significant percentage of between person variance in work engagement above and beyond individual climate perceptions. HRD climate strength was found to moderate the psychological HRD climate and work engagement relationship but the interaction of HRD climate strength with HRD climate quality did not add further to the understanding of work engagement process.

The findings of the present research imply that creating a climate of human resource development is a compelling intervention, which could provide competitive advantage to the firm in terms of enhanced work engagement levels among employees.

The study established the importance of social system or social interaction climate in its own right by demonstrating its unique effects on individual attitudes over individuals’ idiosyncratic perceptions.

The contributions of this chapter are to establish (a) simultaneous dependence between female labor force participation rate (FLFPR) and their health status measured by the life expectancy; (b) the roles of (i) air pollutants in explaining female life expectancy (FLE); and (ii) joint interactions of different explanatory variables in determining both FLFPR and FLE, by estimating a simultaneous panel model comprising equations of FLFPR and FLE, using Baltagi’s Instrumental-Variable EC2SLS method and 13 major Indian state-level data for urban sector, over 2004–2005 to 2011–2012. The air pollutants (measured by prevalence of SO₂ and NO₂) have significant negative impacts on FLE. The interaction effect of air pollutants with economic growth on FLE is negative implying that the partial effect of a change in growth depends on air pollution level. FLFPR can be improved by reducing air pollution through health, as FLE significantly affects FLFPR positively. The roles of other socioeconomic variables affecting FLFPR and FLE are also evident.

Using 13 major Indian state-level data of the rural sector, covering the period 2004–2005 to 2011–2012 and by estimating a simultaneous-panel model employing Baltagi's Instrumental-Variable EC2SLS estimation method, this chapter contributes to the literature by establishing: (i) the simultaneous dependence between female labor force participation rate (FLFPR) and female health status as measured by female life expectancy (FLE), (ii) the negative impact of outdoor air pollution as measured by prevalence of SPM, SO₂, and NO₂ on FLE, and (iii) the interaction among different demographic factors in determining both FLFPR and FLE. The interaction effect of air pollution with (i) economic growth and (ii) poverty (POV) on FLE is negative implying that the partial effect of a change in growth (POV) depends on air pollution level. Thus reduction in air pollution will increase FLE and hence FLFPR, as the simultaneous positive dependence between FLFPR and FLE is supported. The interaction effect of women's political power and education on rural FLFPR is significant and nonlinear with positive marginal effect. Thus the partial effect of a change in women's political power on FLFPR will in turn depend on level of education and vice versa. The positive impact of other demographic factors like (i) education, (ii) female leader, (iii) POV, and (iv) urbanization on FLFPR and (a) education, (b) female household head, (c) female leader, (d) sex ratio, and (e) growth on FLE are apparent. However, the household size significantly and negatively affects FLFPR.

The rapid technological growth, changes in consumer demands, products’ built-in obsolescence, presence of more non-repairable parts, shorter lifespan, etc., lead to the generation of e-waste at an unprecedented rate. Although a number of research proposals and business products to manage e-waste exist in the literature, they lack in many aspects such as incomplete coverage of product’s life cycle, access control, payment channels (in few cases), incentive mechanisms, scalability issues, and missing experimental validation. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel blockchain-based e-waste management system aiming to mitigate the above-mentioned downsides and limitations of the existing proposals.

This paper proposes a robust and reliable e-waste management system by leveraging the power of blockchain technology, which captures the complete life cycle of e-products commencing from their manufacturing as new products to their disposal as e-waste and their recycling back into raw materials.

While the use of blockchain technology increases accountability, transparency and trust in the system, the proposal overcomes various challenges and limitations of the existing systems by providing seamless interactions among various agencies.

This paper presents a prototype implementation of the system as a proof-of-concept using solidity on the Ethereum platform and this paper performs experimental evaluations to demonstrate its feasibility and effective performance in terms of execution gas cost and transaction throughput.

Many companies produce environmentally friendly goods and offer their products with varied attractive marketing mix strategies. One of the company's potential target markets is millennials because the growing number of this community has become enormous. In terms of behavior, millennials have a high level of consumption compared to other generations. However, there are big questions about the willingness of millennials to consume green products. This study aims to acknowledge the green product buying behavior among millennials, especially premium green products. The variables expected to influence the millennial's willingness to pay premium include environmental concern, reference group, and pro-environmental attitude. Data collected through a survey of 250 respondents. The hypothesis framework was tested using PLS-SEM modeling to evaluate the measurement and structural models with the assistance of Warp PLS version 7.0. This study found that millennials who consider the importance of preserving the environment and have a reference group that solicitude to the environment will have a pro-environmental attitude and willing to buy the green product, even though it has a higher price. Green product's management can use the result to formulate an effective green marketing strategy to target the millennials. Regarding the need for millennials' environmental behavior clearer picture in a developing economy, the present study inflicts the literature by describing the antecedents of millennials' willingness to pay premium green products. The results also give practical implications by shedding light on millennials’ green behavior variables. It helps green entrepreneurs conceive their strategic marketing management, and thus can boost the green economy and economic growth.

A systems perspective of waste management allows an integrated approach not only to the five basic functional elements of waste management itself (generation, reduction, collection, recycling, disposal), but to the problems arising at the interfaces with the management of energy, nature conservation, environmental protection, economic factors like unemployment and productivity, etc. This monograph separately describes present practices and the problems to be solved in each of the functional areas of waste management and at the important interfaces. Strategies for more efficient control are then proposed from a systems perspective. Systematic and objective means of solving problems become possible leading to optimal management and a positive contribution to economic development, not least through resource conservation. India is the particular context within which waste generation and management are discussed. In considering waste disposal techniques, special attention is given to sewage and radioactive wastes.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate how blockchain, a new emergent technology, has spread throughout the insurance industry by evaluating incidents reported in the literature, either academic or trade publications. This study specifically aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the main effects of blockchain on the insurance sector’s core operations.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Review based approach has been utilised by evaluating incidents reported in the literature, either academic or trade publications.

Findings: Blockchain is a technology attracting more and more interest from academics and business professionals. It can be seen that the technological advancements and benefits of blockchain in the insurance industry can help it expand manifold. The wise use of technology can only provide the same. If applied without thought, it can be disastrous too. With the future integration of AI and other machine learning technologies, the authors can see that clerical work in the industry can completely shift to computers and humans can use more of their time in more developmental activities and results.

Practical Implications: The sector is moving in the direction of digital transformation employing emerging technologies and is ready for disruptions and change shortly regarding processes, industry structure, rivalry, and organisational structure.

Research Limitations: Future researchers could investigate the existing technique to examine the dissemination of upcoming technologies, such as cognitive computing, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, in certain industries or organisational functions.