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The purpose of this paper is to describe an emergent supply chain management system that supports a sustainable values based organization (VBO) using a structuration theory‐based framework.

A case study of a sustainable beef cooperative employing a structuration theory framework provides insights into sustainable supply chain management models.

The supply chain design and management afford the key to the VBO's success. In order to attain the necessary price premium, the unique product attributes acquired through the natural beef production process must be sustained along the entire supply chain and communicated to the end customer. Structuration theory is useful in understanding supply chain management in VBOs.

The paper has implications for studying VBOs, particularly those prioritizing sustainability values. The descriptive model presented is useful in settings where organizational structure and the supply chain are needed to support sustainable products and processes and whose success is facilitated by establishing strategic partners, especially those that make possible economies of scale. The study is limited to one, privately owned firm, operating in a specialty industry sector.

The paper has implications for those entities with an identified values set that endows the product with unique characteristics that must be conveyed to their end consumer in order to command a price premium and/or differentiate the product from a commodity. The case study provides an example of how a unique product as well as a facilitating organizational structure and supply chain emerge out of the application of a set of core values.

Little previous research focuses on implications of supply chain management in VBOs. In addition, the paper contributes to both the supply chain management and sustainability literature by relating supply chain management to a more comprehensive sustainability agenda including social, environmental, and long‐term economic sustainability and by a theoretically based structuring.

This study aims to examine contemporary factors underlying farmers and pastoralists’ conflict in Nasarawa state. These two communities had rosy and symbiotic relationships which have transmogrified into sour tales of mutual suspicion, destruction, deaths and violence.

Exploratory research design was used. Data was collected using qualitative tools of data collection such as in-depth interview (IDI) and key informant (KII) guides to extract responses from farmers and pastoralists.

In a bid to end the conflicts between these two groups, Benue State Government enacted the Open Grazing Prohibition and Ranches Establishment Law also known as anti-open grazing law in 2018. Although the law altered the conflict landscape in Benue, it recorded trans-territorial backlashes in the neighbouring Nasarawa State where herdsmen relocated. The relocation of herders to Nasarawa State, setting up of livestock guards to check open grazing by pastoralists, rumour and politics triggered contemporary violent conflicts between these groups.

As against existing studies, this study examines contemporary trigger of the conflict.

Purpose – The purpose is to show that the influx of new seasonal and year-round residents to the small towns located in and around protected areas has numerous implications for governance associated with land management and regional planning including reconciling the competing values of wilderness (amenity vs. livelihood, motorized vs. non-motorized recreation, active vs. passive land management).

Methodology/approach – We use case studies from the Adirondack Park in Northern New York State and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in the western United States to demonstrate the land management and governance challenges facing local communities in and around internationally renowned, protected areas.

Findings – We highlight how these transforming communities meet diverse needs and competing interests and how partnering with a non-governmental organization benefits local governance issues.

Originality/value of chapter – The paper presents research from the United States, which theoretically and empirically contributes to the scientific discourse on exurbanization, protected areas, and governance.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the viability of free market environmentalism. This is the philosophy that has as its basic premise the view that laissez faire capitalism and concomitant private property rights, far from being an impediment to the well-functioning of the environment, are actually the last best hope for this desiderata.

The prairie dog and the ferret are not the species usually associated with concern over endangerment. Typically, it is the whale, the elephant and the rhino that are subjected to such an analysis. The authors approach this issue through the “eyeglasses” of the economist who sees value in our free enterprise institutions.

The authors found that the tragedy of the commons works in this case as it does in all other relevant venues: if land is not privately held, but rather open to all, a tragedy occurs: there is economics misallocation and a too swift use of resources compared to the optimal situation.

The authors know of no other examination of the prairie dog and the ferret in the Conata Basin. This is an important case in point in amassing evidence of the workings of the private property system vis-à-vis the environment.

A remarkable number of Iran's villages, in addition to the general earthquake hazard, are faced with other natural hazards including floods, landslides, and landslips. The village of Badleh Kuh is one example faced with a great danger of land thrust and flood. A wide range of field studies show that this village is greatly in danger of natural hazards and is located in a completely unstable area. The main aim of this paper is to define and assess the optimum approach and intervening method for this village.

The data of this paper are based on the main goals and project operations and are in line with securing and stabilizing life in the village of Badleh Kuh. The necessary data have been provided using two methods of attributive and field research, although the groundwork is put on field notations and experimental studies. The main map of this project was based on a scale of 1:50,000 which after conforming to aerial photos, the results were a scale of 1:20,000 and Landset satellite photos with separation power of 30 m and field withdrawal in the ArcGIS 9 program, resulting maps were processed and yielded at a scale of 1:25,000.

The paper finds that implementing the transfer plan of Badleh Kuh village to the new location necessitates joint and necessary cooperation between governmental and non‐governmental institutions and people; appointing local leaders to justify villagers for acceptance and better cooperation with the re‐occupancy plan; holding promotion, educational, and justification classes in order to improve knowledge and recognition of aims and components of the re‐occupancy plan; implementing the re‐occupancy plan in a stage‐by‐stage and systematic manner; providing a pilot and elaborative plan of the suggested location and predicting future developments of the village; carrying out land preparation operations and infrastructure projects; visiting the new location for approval may have a positive effect for villagers who might be opposed to the plan; inviting villagers' cooperation which are financially capable and abide seasonally in the village; regarding the fact that the village economy is greatly dependent on ranching, this issue must be kept in mind when separating housing units and levels of housing units; before implementing the plan, it is better to hold a seminar or conference with the presence of benefactors, executive authorities, and experts in the province in order to discuss the issue of transferring the village in danger; giving heed to the economic worries and assistance for increasing production and income rates and also giving variety to the villager's life quality will contribute to stable development; the aim of implementing the plan should not be just transfer of the village to another location, but must also comprise various cultural, social, and economic aims; securing the necessary credibility and acting upon commitments by the governmental and non‐governmental institutions may decrease consequences and have a significant effect on the plan's success; the plan must be contiguous and carried out in a specific time span and the incomplete implementation of the plan may decrease public cooperation.

This paper assesses and analyzes the optimum rehabilitation approaches for Badleh Kuh which will be relevant to other villages in Iran.

John Hume, a veteran game farmer and founder of the Mauricedale Game Ranch in South Africa, was deeply troubled by the record upsurge in black rhino poaching incidents and black-market horn thefts in 2010 and 2011. While the endangered black rhino represented only one segment of Mauricedale's hunting and farming businesses in 2011, the animal's survival was an important component of the ranch's and industry's growth potential in the future. As both a businessman and a rhino advocate, John Hume was contemplating an innovative idea that might help stop the decline of the black rhino: the creation of a market for legalized black rhino hunting. As he pondered the possibilities and alternatives to determine what his next move should be, Hume had several questions on his mind: Was the legalization of the international sale and trade of rhino horns a viable solution? Was it Hume's responsibility to save the black rhino, and was the animal a good investment?

Technology planning presents a unique challenge to planners. First, because until technology achieves patents and proprietary know how, it offers high risk and low value. And second, because technology management is to business management what rodeos are to ranching. In fact, John Thackray's recent Planning Review article (July 1983) concluded that technology cannot be managed, and therefore, cannot be planned.

The “change of sovereignty,” the transfer of Puerto Rico to U.S. rule after Spain’s loss in the Spanish-American War of 1898, could not easily erase centuries of Spanish misrule of its island colony. Nor could it reconstruct an economy based on monocultural agricultural crops. For centuries, ranching and subsistence farming had lured settlers from the coast. Highland towns, founded in the eighteenth century under royal auspices but increasingly isolated and removed from imperial control came to define the peasant, the jı́baro, who though generally slight in stature came to loom large as the cultural backbone of Puerto Rico. Run by ministers of the Spanish monarchy and corrupt and sometimes tyrannical military governors, the island during the 1800s ineptly staggered through sequential agricultural monocultures. Sugar crops tended by coastal workers of mixed African and European backgrounds (with slavery and peonage existing side by side) yielded prominence in mid-century to large-scale coffee plantations in the mountainous interior, attracting capital and labor from the coast as well as from the Spanish homeland. By the mid-1800s U.S. interests had begun to pull on this strategically located military outpost – first through trade and then by conquest and new guardianship.

Utah is well known for its wide open horizons, natural beauty, and conservative traditions and lifestyles. In the winter, tourists flock to majestic mountains to ski deep powder. The rest of the year, they come to explore many unique and vast national parks. Those who stay long enough to take a closer look, however, will see that Utah is also a state undergoing sweeping changes. High‐tech businesses have replaced mining and ranching as engines of the Utah economy, which is booming. Rapid population growth is creating a sprawling urban front along the Wasatch Mountains that provides a sharp contrast to life in isolated small towns in the rest of the region. It has become increasingly clear to Utah's leaders that networking learning and information resources to provide equity between rural and urban areas and to encourage the creation of a highly skilled workforce is a key to the state's progress. Significant initiatives are being taken to help government, libraries, and educational institutions at all levels become more efficient, effective, and responsive through the use of computer and telecommunications technology. The following three reports describe some of those projects.