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What is happening in the perceived world of young people who have non-suicidal self-injury? The answer to this question explains many quantitative research findings in the field of NSSI. The current qualitative research design is Husserl's descriptive phenomenology.

The participants included 17–29-year-old youths with self-injury and were selected with a targeted sampling approach and a conspicuous sampling method based on the theoretical saturation criterion of 21 people. Data were collected in a semi-structured interview and analyzed in the MAXQDA2022 software using the Attride-Stirling (2001) method. Validation of data was done by the method of simultaneous review of colleagues and simultaneous review of participants.

The themes emerging from the analysis of the findings are the three organizing themes of “vulnerable temperament” which includes height and head, high pain sensitivity threshold and desire for nothingness, “traumatic family” which includes disorganization, crisis and devaluation in the family and “developmental injuries” that are associated with physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect. The content of these themes seriously harms a person's self-perception through the emotions of fear, shame, anger and despair and is integrated into the overarching theme of “damaged self”.

“Damaged Self” provides causal explanations related to the formation of self-injurious behaviors and these behaviors are in harmony with the damage that a person observes in his perception of himself.

Currently, the health system is a treatment-oriented system focused on service providers. In this system, the main focus is on the health market, with little attention on insured. One way to get out of existing conditions is to empower the insured in order to involve them actively in maintaining and improving health. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

This qualitative study was done using the content analysis method. Based on the purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion, 24 individuals including 12 health insurance experts and 12 insured participated in the study in 2018. The semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA10 software.

Having analyzed the interviews, 750 codes were obtained. These codes were categorized into two categories of “insurance experts” and “insured” and ten subcategories of “informing and educating, cost reduction, intersectional activities, expectations from the insured, services package, access to services, inability to pay costs, participation, and expectations from the insurance organization.”

This qualitative study was conducted to assess and determine the effective strategies for empowering the insured under health insurance. The results of this study are helpful to the health insurance organizations and health decision makers to detect the effective ways to develop the quality of insurance services, improve the status of insured, and increase access to health care goods and services.

The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the heat transfer enhancement in a tube filled partially with porous media under non-uniform porosity distribution and thermal dispersion effects. The optimum porous thickness ratio [R_(r,Nu)] for the heat transfer enhancement under these conditions with and without considering required pumping power is evaluated.

The local thermal non-equilibrium and Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer models are used to simulated thermal and flow fields in porous region. The tube wall and flow regime are assumed to be isothermal and laminar, respectively. The impacts of Darcy number (Da = 10^-6 - 10^-1) and inertia parameter (F = 0 − 2) on the Nusselt number and friction factor are studied for non-uniform porosity distribution.

First, the effect of Nusselt number indicates that there are two different behaviors with respect to uniform and non-uniform porosity for partially and fully filled porous pipe. Second, variable porosity in porous region has significant influence on the optimum thickness ratio with considering required pumping power. For negligible inertia term, it depends on the Darcy number, whereas it is 0.9 at F > 1. Third, the plug flow assumption cannot be valid even at lower Darcy number under non-uniform porosity, while this assumption is applicable at Da < 10^-3 for constant porosity distribution in porous region.

According to the best knowledge of authors, the optimum porous thickness ratio for the heat transfer enhancement considering the pressure loss effects under variable porosity has not reported up to now. Also the plug flow assumption in such physics is not discussed.

Environmental issues and lack of drinking water have forced researchers to find some alternatives to wastewater treatment. Because dyes are used in a variety of industrial applications such as textile and pharmaceutical, wastewater of these factories leads to several environmental problems. Using catalysis under ultraviolet-irradiation (photocatalysis) is one of the cases that is used in wastewater treatment. The purpose of this work is the photocatalytic degradation of dye (Reactive Red 198) and pharmaceutical (tetracycline) using MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe).

In this work, Reactive Red 198 (RR198), an anionic dye and tetracycline as a pharmaceutical are tested with two catalysts, MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe). Catalyst synthesis method and characterization were discussed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses, and their results are described in detail.

Dye concentration varies among 15, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L for MIL-100(Fe) for which the removal percent is 97%, 94%, 89% and 58% and for MIL-53(Fe), dye concentration increases from 20 to 40, 60 and 80 mg/L, the removal percent of which is 98%, 88%, 75% and 50%. Pharmaceutical degradation by MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe) was 75% and 80%, respectively.

Photocatalytic degradation of RR198 and tetracycline using MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe) was not studied in detail.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of Iranian university libraries.

This first systematic review and meta-analysis were based on the PRISMA guidelines by searching in national and international databases from 2003 to January 2017 with standard Persian and English keywords. Data searching, extracting and quality appraising were completed by two researchers, independently. Any unexpected documents were assessed by a third expert researcher. Data were extracted in accordance with the “Strength of the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” checklist after the final selection of appraised documents. Random effects size based on Cochrane test and I² were used for combining the obtained results from different studies together by considering the heterogeneity of studies.

Based on the meta-analysis conducted in 25 (6.42 percent) included studies, the total sample size was estimated. According to three dimensions of LibQUAL, findings of current information control, affect of service and the library as a place were estimated as 5.37 [CI95%: 5.02, 5.73], 6.91 [CI95%: 5.56, 6.26], and 5.46 percent [CI95%: 5.2, 5.73], respectively. Also, mean of service adequacy and superiority gap are equal to 0.07 [CI95%: −0.22, 0.36] and −2.06 [CI95%: −2.89, −1.23], respectively. There was a significant correlation between three dimensions of service quality and service superiority gap of LibQUAL and geographical regions of Iran (p<0.01). Also, a significant correlation was found between the gaps of services and three aspects of LibQUAL model and published years through a meta-regression test (p<0.01).

The results obtained from the present study showed that users are relatively satisfied with the quality of services provided by Iranian university libraries. An improvement in the quality of library services can promote the scientific level of universities.

The results of the present systematic review and meta-analysis study demonstrate a vital connection between primary research studies and decision-making for policymakers in Iranian university libraries to increase quality services.

The purpose of this paper is to study the flow, heat and mass transfer of MHD Casson nanofluid due to an inclined stretching sheet using similarity transformation, the governing PDE’S equations of flow, heat and mass transfer are converted into ODE’S. The resulting non-linear ODE’S are solved numerically using an implicit finite difference method, which is known as Kellor-box method. The effects of various governing parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration are plotted for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases. The numerical values of skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are calculated and tabulated in various tables for different values of physical parameters. It is noticed that the effect of angle of inclination enhances the temperature and concentration profile whereas velocity decreases. The temperature decreases due to the increase in the parametric values of Pr and Gr due to thickening in the boundary layer.

Numerical method is applied to find the results.

Flow and heat transfer analysis w.r.t various flow and temperature are analyzed for different values of the physical parameters.

The numerical values of skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are calculated and tabulated in various tables for different values of physical parameters.

The study of the boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer is important due to its applications in industries and many manufacturing processes such as aerodynamic extrusion of plastic sheets and cooling of metallic sheets in a cooling bath.

Here in this paper the authors have investigated the MHD boundary layer flow of a Casson nanofluid over an inclined stretching sheet along with the Newtonian nanofluid as a limited.

This study aims to fabricate multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-mediated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films using the solution casting approach.

The prepared films were evaluated for diverse structural, surface, optical and electrical attributes using advanced analytical techniques, i.e. electron microscopy for surface morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for tracing chemical functionalities, x-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystal patterns, water contact angle (WCA) analysis for surface wettability and UV visible spectroscopy for optical absorption parameters. The specimens were also investigated for certain rheological, mechanical and electrical properties, where applicable.

The surface morphology results expressed a better dispersion of MWCNTs in the resultant PVA-based nanocomposite film. The XRD analysis exhibited that the nanocomposite film was crystalline. The surface wettability analysis indicated that with the inclusion of MWCNTs, the WCA of the resultant nanocomposite film improved to 89.4° from 44° with the pristine PVA film. The MWCNTs (1.00%, w/w) incorporated PVA-based film exhibited a tensile strength of 54.0 MPa as compared to that of native PVA as 25.3 MPa film. There observed a decreased bandgap (from 5.25 to 5.14 eV) on incorporating the MWCNTs in the PVA-based nanocomposite film.

The MWCNTs’ inclusion in the PVA matrix could enhance the AC conductivity of the resultant nanocomposite film. The prepared nanocomposite film might be useful in designing certain optoelectronic devices.

The results demonstrated the successful MWCNTs mediation in the PVA-based composite films expressed good intercalation of the precursors; this resulted in decreased bandgap, usually, desirable for optoelectronic applications.

Additive manufacturing of polymer composites is a transformative technology that leverages the benefits of both composite material and 3D printing to produce highly customizable, lightweight and efficient composites for a wide range of applications.

In this research work, glass fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) filament is used to print the specimen via fusion deposition modeling process. The process parameters such as infill densities (40%, 50% and 60%) and raster angle/orientations (0°, 45° and 90°) are varied, and the specimens for tensile, flexural, impact, hardness and wear testing are prepared as per their respective ASTM standards.

The results revealed that with an increase in infill density, the mechanical properties of glass fiber-PLA specimens increase progressively. Optimal tensile properties and flexural properties are obtained at 0° and 90° raster angle orientations and 60% infill density. Minimum wear rate is achieved at 0° raster angle orientation and it increases at 45° and 90° raster angle orientations.

Using SEM, the microscopic analysis of the fractured specimen was analyzed to study the interface between the fibers and matrix and it indicates the presence of good adhesion between the layers at 60% infill density and 0° print orientation.

According to the studies conducted in Iran, the breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer among women. This study aimed to explore the state of health information supply and demand on breast cancer among Iranian medical researchers and Iranian Web users from 2011 to 2015.

A mixed method research is conducted in this study. In qualitative part, a focus group interview is applied to the users to identify their selected keywords searched for breast cancer in Google. The collected data are analyzed using Open Code software. In quantitative part, data are synthesized using the R software in two parts. First, users’ internet information-seeking behavior (ISB) is analyzed using the Google Trends outputs from 2011 to 2015. Second, the scientific publication behavior of Iranian breast cancer specialists are surveyed using PubMed during the period of the study.

The results show that the search volume index of preferred keywords on breast cancer has increased from 4,119 in 2011 to 4,772 in 2015. Also, the findings reveal that Iranian scholars had 873 scientific papers on breast cancer in PubMed from 2011 to 2015. There was a significant and positive relationship between Iranian ISB in the Google Trends and SPB of Iranian scholars on breast cancer in PubMed.

This study investigates only the state of health information supply and demand in PubMed and Google Trends and not additional databases often used for medical studies and treatment.

This study provides a road map for health policymakers in Iran to direct the breast cancer studies.