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Working from the expanded model of adaptive selling behavior offered by Eckert and Plank (2004), this paper attempts to add greater depth and specificity to the adaptive output categories making them more useful for research advancement and for both the teaching and execution of an adaptive selling approach. Relevant literature is identified, organized, and offered as theory sources to support and expand the adaptive selling model.

The just‐in‐time (JIT) production system is notable for its emphasis on employee involvement and participation. However, we suggest that the role of participation that is most typically described in the organizational behavior (OB) literature does not match the type of participation practiced in JIT. We introduce a theoretical framework that accounts for these different perspectives: whereas the OB approach treats participation as an intervention and hence as an independent variable, the JIT approach sees it as a side effect of the JIT production system and hence a dependent variable. Understanding of the differences is essential in JIT implementation in the workplace if we are to avoid miscommunication, stress, and disbelief in the system.

Professional and collegiate sports face an ever increasing challenge from competition for sport fans’ attention and dollars as available alternatives proliferate. Teams are looking for new ways to make games more attractive in order to fill their seats. While true to some degree for all sports, Major League Baseball (MLB) has attracted the greatest attention from researchers and practitioners interested in increasing game attractiveness. The current study demonstrates a method that can be applied in many retail settings and reports on the most comprehensive research to date, examining every game played in the 2002 season for all MLB teams. Multiple regression analysis is performed using both promotion type and relevant timing variables to determine when promotions will be most successful at increasing attendance. Bobblehead giveaways and two combinations of promotions; a giveaway and special event or two special events, are found to have the greatest impact. Promotions during night games are also found to result in the greatest increase in attendance.

Outlines the development of duration as a risk management tool for fixed income securities, shows how it is calculated and gives examples to illustrate its use in assessing risk exposure and immunizing bond portfolio returns against interest rate risk. Cites research confirming its effectiveness and goes on to discuss the application of duration gaps to balance sheet hedging (macrohedging) by financial institutions and the New Zealand government. Considers some complications of duration analysis due to convexity, stochastic process risk and default risk.

This paper investigates currency substitution along the U.S.‐Canada border with specific reference to the use of the Canadian dollar in the United States. In our study sites of Bellingham, WA; Buffalo, NY; Burlington, VT; Houlton, ME; Minot, ND; Port Huron, MI; and Sault Ste. Marie, MI, we found that 70.1 percent of 364 sampled U.S. located retail establishments accepted the Canadian dollar during the study period of July 2003. Accepting firms did so at an average premium of 7.7 percent per transaction with a concomitant average increase in stores sales of 3.0 percent. The significant variables at the firm‐level in the decision to accept/reject the Canadian dollar are firm experience in the community; ownership model (local, regional, national or international); geographic location; cross‐border operations; and retail category.

Partitioned analysis is an increasingly popular approach for modeling complex systems with behaviors governed by multiple, interdependent physical phenomena. Yielding accurate representations of reality from partitioned models depends on the availability of all necessary constituent models representing relevant physical phenomena. However, there are many engineering problems where one or more of the constituents may be unavailable because of lack of knowledge regarding the underlying principles governing the behavior or the inability to experimentally observe the constituent behavior in an isolated manner through separate-effect experiments. This study aims to enable partitioned analysis in such situations with an incomplete representation of the full system by inferring the behavior of the missing constituent.

This paper presents a statistical method for inverse analysis infer missing constituent physics. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated using a physics-based visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model that represents the mechanics of slip and twinning behavior in 5182 aluminum alloy. However, a constituent model to carry out thermal analysis representing the dependence of hardening parameters on temperature is unavailable. Using integral-effect experimental data, the proposed approach is used to infer an empirical constituent model, which is then coupled with VPSC to obtain an experimentally augmented partitioned model representing the thermo-mechanical properties of 5182 aluminum alloy.

Results demonstrate the capability of the method to enable model predictions dependent upon relevant operational conditions. The VPSC model is coupled with the empirical constituent, and the newly enabled thermal-dependent predictions are compared with experimental data.

The method developed in this paper enables the empirical inference of a functional representation of input parameter values in lieu of a missing constituent model. Through this approach, development of partitioned models in the presence of uncertainty regarding a constituent model is made possible.

This study aims to accurately simulate the tilting separation process of mask projection stereolithography (MPSL) and verify the tilting theory.

The finite element separation models of MPSL 3D printing process were established. The established models simulated both tilting and pulling-up separation process by changing the constraints and boundary conditions. The bilinear cohesive curves were used to define the separation interface. The stress distribution of the cured part and FEP film at different times during the whole separation process was extracted. Different orientations of pulling-up and tilting were also compared for stress distribution. The stress change was analyzed for the center and edge points of the upper surface of cured part.

The results showed that the stress increased with the separation speed, and the stress at the edge position of exposure area was greater than the internal position. The tilting traction stress distribution was affected by the exposure area function and the velocity distribution. Alternation of the exposure area function changed the cohesive stiffness. The non-coincidence of the calculated traction stress with the input bilinear cohesive curve reflected the influence of the material properties and the separation methods. The high-speed side of tilting had fast separation and high traction stress.

This study proposes a technical method for simulation tilting separation and verified the tilting theory. The cohesive zone model was proved applicable to the tilting traction stress calculation.