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The purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors have a significant effect on equestrians’ participation in equestrian tourism.

The methodology was quantitative research data analysis. Survey questionnaires (perceived risk, involvement, and intention to (re)visit questions) were developed based on pertinent previous studies. A main study was conducted in West Texas in the USA with college students.

This study found that the perceived risk factors significantly affected involvement factors and, in turn, affected intention to (re)visit in equestrian tourism.

Although equestrian tourism has many positive effects on tourists such as health benefits as well as local economies, equestrian tourism in the USA is considered one of the least favorite leisure sports compared to other sports activities. Consequentially, there are few studies related to equestrian tourists, this paper adds to a currently niche area of study.

This paper aims to identify how destination fascination is perceived by all participants involved in the tourism sector.

An exploratory and qualitative study was undertaken based on a literature review and three focus groups with travelers and tourism and marketing professionals.

The findings revealed that different perceptions precede a destination fascination among the three groups and that the construction of fascination is related to other variables. Through consulting the three groups, 12 variables were identified, and a framework was proposed addressing the background of destination fascination and how it relates to memorable experiences and the intention to (re)visit. Another important finding is the need for tourism professionals to collaborate with marketing professionals to meet tourists’ expectations. In addition, it was found that fascination can occur before visiting a place.

This paper advances the literature on four points: it presents evidence that fascination can occur even before visiting a destination; it verifies which variables are related to the multidimensional construct of destination fascination and how this relationship is observed by the three distinct groups; it identifies how the construction of destination fascination occurs; and it explains how tourism and marketing professionals can help fulfill travelers’ wishes.

Factores que hacen que un destino sea fascinante y motivan la (re)visita

Identificar cómo perciben la fascinación por el destino todos los participantes implicados en el sector turístico.

Se realizó un estudio exploratorio y cualitativo basado en una revisión bibliográfica y tres grupos de discusión con viajeros y profesionales del turismo y el marketing.

Los resultados revelaron que diferentes percepciones preceden a la fascinación por un destino entre los tres grupos y que la construcción de la fascinación está relacionada con otras variables. Mediante la consulta a los tres grupos, se identificaron 12 variables y se propuso un marco que aborda los antecedentes de la fascinación por el destino y su relación con las experiencias memorables y la intención de (re)visitarlo. Otra conclusión importante es la necesidad de que los profesionales del turismo colaboren con los del marketing para satisfacer las expectativas de los turistas. Además, se descubrió que la fascinación puede producirse antes de visitar un lugar.

Este artículo avanza en la literatura en cuatro puntos: (i) presenta evidencias de que la fascinación puede ocurrir incluso antes de visitar un destino, (ii) verifica qué variables están relacionadas con el constructo multidimensional de la fascinación por el destino y cómo esta relación es observada por los tres grupos distintos, (iii) identifica cómo ocurre la construcción de la fascinación por el destino, y (iv) explica cómo los profesionales del turismo y del marketing pueden ayudar a cumplir los deseos de los viajeros.

使一个目的地吸引人并促使人们（再）访问的因素

确定参与旅游部门的所有参与者是如何看待目的地魅力的。

在文献综述和与旅游者、旅游和营销专业人士的三个焦点小组的基础上, 进行了一项探索性和定性的研究。

研究结果显示, 在这三个群体中, 不同的认知会导致对目的地的迷恋, 迷恋的构建与其他变量有关。通过咨询这三个群体, 确定了12个变量, 并提出了一个框架, 解决了目的地魅力的背景, 以及它与难忘的经历和（再）访问的意图之间的关系。另一个重要的发现是, 旅游专业人士需要与营销专业人士合作, 以满足游客的期望。此外, 研究还发现, 迷恋可以在访问一个地方之前发生。

本文在四点上推动了文献的发展：(i)它提出了证据, 证明迷恋甚至在访问一个目的地之前就可以发生, (ii)它验证了哪些变量与目的地迷恋的多维构造有关, 以及这种关系是如何被三个不同的群体观察到的, (iii)它确定了目的地迷恋的构造如何发生, 以及(iv)它解释了旅游和营销专业人士如何帮助实现旅游者的愿望。

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the relationship between personality traits, travel motivations, perceived destination quality, overall destination satisfaction and behavioral intentions of domestic tourists.

The quantitative research method was used in the study. A survey technique was used to collect data. Data were applied to incoming domestic tourist to Gaziantep and Sanliurfa cities in Southeast Anatolia of Turkey. The data obtained were analyzed by structural equation modeling.

The study showed that personal traits “agreeableness” and “conscientiousness” positively affect relaxation motivation. Cultural and relaxation motivations had a positive impact on satisfaction, whereas pleasure-seeking motivation has a negative impact on satisfaction. In addition, overall destination satisfaction is positively affected by destination quality perceptions and affects loyalty in a positive way.

During the literature review phase, no scale was found according to different destination characteristics (cultural, nature and sea destinations). In this regard, developing new scales to measure destination quality in accordance with different destination types would allow comprehending the subject in a more clear and detailed way.

The establishment of relationship between variable examined by this study ensures that product and services provided by the destination reach the correct target audience, which brings along the success to destination. For instance, destination management organizations could get information from travel agencies they work with about the characteristics, and motivations of tourists, and could develop their strategies, and plans, accordingly.

This study has three important contributions. First, revealing the role of personality in tourist behavior; second, their behaviors and attitude before (motivation and personality) during (destination quality and satisfaction) and after visiting (behavioral intentions) were examined; and third, personality, travel motivation, destination quality and satisfaction are discussed together as a model in this study.

This paper aims to examine whether medical tourism can be a frontrunner in terms of post-pandemic recovery for the industry

A mixed-method analysis of 17 interviews and 210 questionnaires involving medical tourists to Iran was applied.

Medical tourists perceived the risks posed by COVID-19 as a temporal one, and attitudes toward post pandemic visitation intentions remained strong. In addition, these tourists can mostly be classified into responsive individuals, who demonstrate not only high risk but also high efficacy levels to negotiate the threats posed by the pandemic. No gender differences were located between male and female medical tourists in terms of post-COVID-19 travel intentions to Iran.

This research extends the application of the risk perception attitude framework to a medical tourism context. Furthermore, medical tourists are uncovered as another segment of crisis-resistant tourists.

This study aims to examine the factors shaping the intentions of people to visit a hostile outgroup.

An exploratory, qualitative research approach was followed. Specifically, 77 semi-structured interviews with citizens of the divided island of Cyprus were conducted.

This study identifies several categories of visitors and non-visitors, depicted along a continuum, and concludes that there is a multiplicity of factors in the socio-political environment which influence the travel intentions of people.

This study not only imparts insights into the way travel decision-making evolves in politically unstable situations but also serves as a stepping stone towards understanding the conditions under which reconciliation between hostile nations may be encouraged by travel.

This study aims to investigate the influence of cognitive and affective trust on the revisit intention of medical tourists to a developing country like India, focusing on the role of country image as a moderator.

This study used partial least square-based structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses using data from 297 medical tourists visiting India from abroad for treatment.

The findings of this study confirmed that all the dimensions of cognitive trust, namely, perceived expertise, performance and reputation of the health-care service providers, have a positive and significant impact on the revisit intention of medical tourists to India. In contrast, none of the two dimensions of affective trust have a significant effect on the revisit intention of medical tourists to India. This study also confirmed that country image significantly moderates the relationship between performance dimensions of cognitive trust and medical tourists’ revisit intention to India.

The study’s findings have significant theoretical and managerial implications as they explore the effect of cognitive and affective trust on medical tourists’ the revisit intention to visit an emerging economy, considering the country’s image as a moderator.

本研究旨在调查认知和情感信任对印度等发展中国家医疗游客重游意愿的影响, 重点关注国家形象的调节作用。

本研究采用基于偏最小二乘的结构方程模型, 使用 297 名从国外到印度接受治疗的医疗游客的数据来检验假设。

本研究的结果证实, 认知信任的所有维度, 即医疗服务提供者的专业知识、绩效和声誉, 对印度医疗游客的重游意愿产生积极且显着的影响。相比之下, 情感信任的两个维度都没有对印度医疗游客的重游意愿产生显着影响。这项研究还证实, 国家形象显着调节认知信任绩效维度与医疗游客重访印度意愿之间的关系。

该研究的结果具有重要的理论和管理意义, 因为他们探讨了认知和情感信任对医疗游客重访新兴经济体的意愿的影响, 并考虑到该国作为调节者的形象。

Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de la confianza cognitiva y afectiva en la intención de volver a visitar a un país en desarrollo como la India por parte de turistas médicos, centrándose en el papel de la imagen del país como moderador.

Este estudio empleó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales parcial basado en mínimos cuadrados para probar las hipótesis utilizando datos de 297 turistas médicos que visitaron la India desde el extranjero para recibir tratamiento.

Los hallazgos de este estudio confirmaron que todas las dimensiones de la confianza cognitiva, es decir, la experiencia percibida, el desempeño y la reputación de los proveedores de servicios de atención médica, tienen un impacto positivo y significativo en la intención de volver a visitar a la India por parte de los turistas médicos. Por el contrario, ninguna de las dos dimensiones de la confianza afectiva tiene un efecto significativo en la intención de volver a visitar la India por parte de los turistas médicos. Este estudio también confirmó que la imagen del país modera significativamente la relación entre las dimensiones de desempeño de la confianza cognitiva y la intención de los turistas médicos de volver a visitar la India.

Los hallazgos del estudio tienen importantes implicaciones teóricas y administrativas, ya que exploran el efecto de la confianza cognitiva y afectiva en la intención de los turistas médicos de visitar una economía emergente, considerando la imagen del país como moderador.

This study investigates the impact of sensory food descriptors on restaurant menus on the intention to visit a restaurant and to spread positive word-of-mouth.

Drawing on the signalling theory and the assimilation-contrast theory, two online experiments and one field experiment test the assumption that food descriptors prompt food-quality inferences before and after consumption, and that in both stages, food-quality inferences prompt favourable behavioural intentions.

Sensory food descriptors impact positively on behavioural intentions through quality inferences, although not all aspects of food quality mediate this effect.

Not all four factors (deliciousness, visual attractiveness, variety and nutritiousness) prompt behavioural intentions to the same extent. While the signalling theory explains the positive impact of food-quality inferences on behavioural intentions before consumption, the assimilation-contrast theory explains the positive effect food-quality inferences have on the intention to revisit and word of mouth after consumption.

Managers should use either oral somatosensory descriptors alone, or in combination with flavour descriptors to prompt quality inferences and behavioural intentions.

The findings challenge the prevailing assumption that food descriptors addressing multiple senses have a superior effect on food-quality inferences compared to food descriptors stimulating only one sense. Instead, food descriptors referring to the texture, viscosity or mouthfeel of a dish, (i.e. oral somatosensory descriptors), impact on food-quality inferences, while adding flavour attributes did not have favourable effects.

Driven by functional theories of attitude and addressing the emerging themes of luxury brands and social media, the purpose of this paper is to explore the marketing potential of social media for luxury brand management.

A survey was conducted to prompt participants to explore Louis Vuitton's Facebook page and complete a questionnaire designed to measure their satisfaction with the luxury brand's Facebook page and various endogenous variables.

Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses uncovered dynamic relationships among consumers’ perceptions of value‐expressive and social‐adjustive functions of luxury brands, satisfaction with a luxury brand's (Louis Vuitton) Facebook page, attitudes toward the brand, intentions to utilize the brand's social media (Facebook and Twitter) for online shopping, and intentions to research online and purchase offline (ROPO).

This paper marks an exploratory step toward our understanding of the dynamic roles user‐generated content and social media play in the formation and maintenance of the emerging consumer‐brand‐consumer triad culture. Theoretical and managerial implications of this exploratory research are discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to consider issues related to gamification through the non-game aquarium context and explore how the intention of aquarium visitors to play a game that imparts knowledge about marine animals and promotes the conservation of these animals is influenced by visitors’ attitudes toward marine animals, motivations to visit the aquarium and perceptions of the game’s benefits.

This study surveyed individuals who have visited Taiwan’s National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium at least once in the past three years and who use smartphones. They were shown a description of a hypothetical game scenario that they were asked to imagine to be available while at the aquarium. The partial least squares method was used to analyze the data from 225 returns.

The study shows that gamification can satisfy a visitor’s desire to learn and enjoy the aquarium simultaneously. Gamification is limited by the visit motivation and the attitudes toward marine animals that visitors bring with them. The usefulness of gamification is limited when visitors desire relaxation during the visit.

This study considers the application of gamification in the context of aquariums and the tourism field and the non-technology-related antecedents to the use of gamification. Gamification is not silver bullet for every situation, and a good understanding of potential users is important for its success and targeting of players. The importance of intrinsic benefits over extrinsic benefits is confirmed. Thus, this study addresses several gaps in the gamification literature.

The purpose of this paper is to examine halal certification for halal culinary, destination brand and emotional experiences on customer satisfaction and behavioral intention.

This study uses a quantitative survey approach to 400 respondents consisting of Muslim foreign and domestic tourists who had visited Lombok in the past three years. The sampling technique is by purposive sampling. The analysis technique used in this study is structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS).

The findings showed that halal certification has no effect on customer satisfaction but on influenced behavioral intention, destination brand of Lombok had no effect on customer satisfaction; customer satisfaction influenced behavioral intention and emotional experiences affected customer satisfaction and behavioral intention.

This study collects data from respondents both domestic and foreign tourists simultaneously. However, the data acquisition of respondents and foreign tourists is not balanced. Thus, this study analyzes tourists in general, not distinguished between foreign and domestic tourists.

The government and tourism organizers in Lombok need to provide socialization for domestic and foreign tourists on the need to choose halal-certified food and drinks to ensure halal and hygiene. In addition, so that the destination image of Lombok can provide a beautiful experience that becomes a moment of the truth, then the local government should improve its service strategy holistically.

Destination image needs to be improved. This requires holistic tourism quality services so that the social community knows that Indonesia has a halal tourism destination that exists as tourists come from the airport to the hotel and enjoy food in restaurants and tourist attractions that are Muslim friendly.

This paper contributes to filling the void in the literature related to tourism management that is linked to tourism in the aftermath of natural disasters, where empirical studies on halal tourism are on the rise. Therefore, respondents in the study were specific, that is, those who had traveled. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of a kind that includes behavioral intention in tourist destinations after natural disasters in the Indonesian context.