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The purpose of this paper is to reveal the knowledge evolution process, research hotspots and future trends in the inclusive tourism research literature from 2008 to 2023.

A total of 322 papers on inclusive tourism were selected from the core collection database of Web of Science and analyzed using CiteSpace.

Over the 16-year period between 2008 and 2023 an increasing number of studies have been published concerning inclusive tourism, but the overall base is still small. Among institutions, the Massey University and University of Gothenburg take the lead in international research on inclusive tourism. Country cooperation shifted from UK-centered in 2008 to Australia, US and Spain from 2010, expanded to more nations and recently increased with China, Japan and others. The essence of inclusive tourism is inherently linked to societal and generational development, necessitating the elimination of social exclusion and inequality to achieve sustainability. The research on inclusive tourism has undergone three stages, emphasizing tourism producers, consumers and stakeholder relationships respectively. “Employment”, “sustainable development” and “quality of life” possess the potential to emerge as future research hotspots.

By combining literature on inclusive tourism and other overlapping concepts, CiteSpace was used to construct data and network visualizations, including a burst and dynamic analysis for the period covered by the sample. The conclusions offer researchers insights into the existing body of work in inclusive tourism research and suggest directions for future research. In practice, tourism managers can gain a deeper understanding of the needs and limitations of marginalized groups in tourism, allowing them to offer more tailored products for inclusive tourism and further enhance the development of an inclusive tourism environment.

旨在揭示2008年到2023年包容性旅游研究文献的知识演变过程、研究热点和未来趋势。

从Web of Science的核心数据库中筛选322篇有关包容性旅游的文章, 并使用CiteSpace进行分析。

2008年至2023年的16年间, 发表的有关包容性旅游的研究越来越多, 但总体基数仍然较小。梅西大学和哥德堡大学在国际包容性旅游研究方面处于领先地位。国家合作从2008年的以英国为中心转向2010年的澳大利亚、美国和西班牙, 并扩展到更多国家, 最近又增加了与中国、日本和其他国家的合作。包容性旅游的本质与社会和代际发展有着内在联系, 必须消除社会排斥和不平等, 才能实现可持续发展。包容性旅游的研究经历了三个阶段, 分别强调旅游生产者、消费者和利益相关者的关系。“就业”、“可持续发展”和 “生活质量”有可能成为未来的研究热点。

结合包容性旅游和其他重叠概念的文献, 利用CiteSpace构建了数据和网络可视化, 包括对样本覆盖时期的突发和动态分析。结论为研究人员提供了对包容性旅游研究现有成果的见解, 并提出了未来研究的方向。实践上, 旅游管理者可以更深入地了解旅游中边缘化群体的需求和局限性, 从而为包容性旅游提供更多量身定制的产品, 进一步促进包容性旅游环境的发展。

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el proceso de evolución del conocimiento, los temas destacados de investigación y las tendencias futuras en la literatura de investigación sobre turismo inclusivo desde 2008 hasta 2023.

Se seleccionó un total de 322 artículos sobre turismo inclusivo de la base de datos de la colección principal de Web of Science (WoS) y se analizaron utilizando CiteSpace.

En el periodo de 16 años comprendido entre 2008 y 2023 se han publicado cada vez más estudios sobre turismo inclusivo, pero la base global sigue siendo pequeña. Entre las instituciones, la Universidad de Massey y la Universidad de Gotemburgo encabezan la investigación internacional sobre turismo inclusivo. La cooperación entre países pasó de estar centrada en el Reino Unido en 2008 a Australia, EE. UU. y España a partir de 2010, ampliándose a más naciones y, recientemente, ha aumentado con China, Japón y otros países. La esencia del turismo inclusivo está intrínsecamente ligada al desarrollo social y generacional, que requiere la eliminación de la exclusión social y la desigualdad para lograr la sostenibilidad. La investigación sobre el turismo inclusivo ha pasado por tres etapas, haciendo hincapié en los productores turísticos, los consumidores y las relaciones con las partes interesadas, respectivamente. El “empleo”, el “desarrollo sostenible” y la “calidad de vida” poseen el potencial para emerger como futuros focos de investigación.

A partir de la integración de la literatura sobre turismo inclusivo y otros conceptos superpuestos, se utilizó CiteSpace para visualizar los datos y redes, incluido análisis de ráfagas y dinámico para el periodo muestral. Las conclusiones ofrecen a los investigadores una visión de las contribuciones académicas en turismo inclusivo y sugieren direcciones para futuras investigaciones. En la práctica, los gestores turísticos pueden adquirir un conocimiento más profundo de las necesidades y limitaciones de los grupos marginados en turismo, permitiéndoles ofrecer productos más adaptados al turismo inclusivo y seguir mejorando el desarrollo de un entorno turístico inclusivo.

This paper aims to analyze how smart city construction affects destination competitiveness and elucidates the potential mechanisms of digital economy. Also, the regional heterogeneity of smart city construction’s influence on destination competitiveness is discussed.

Given the quasi-natural experiment characteristics of China's smart city construction pilot, this study applies a time-varying difference-in-differences approach using a panel dataset of 272 Chinese prefectural-level cities to examine the causal effects of smart city construction on destination competitiveness.

Results indicate substantial enhancement of urban destination competitiveness from smart city construction, with this effect escalating annually. Digital infrastructure and digital finance serve as influence mechanisms. The positive impacts of smart city construction on urban tourism competitiveness do not differ by geographic location, rather there are significant differences between cities of different administrative levels. The impact of smart city construction on destination competitiveness is more significant in low administrative level cities. The improvement of economic development level and innovation ability helps to exert the positive impact of smart cities on tourism competitiveness.

This study constructs a new panel data set for smart city construction and destination competitiveness based on multi-source data and posits a theoretical linkage among smart city construction, digital economy and destination competitiveness. This paper provides invaluable insights on how to boost destination competitiveness by creating smart cities and leveraging the digital economy. Tourism sectors should proactively engage in smart city construction and foster the digital transformation of tourism.

本文旨在分析智慧城市建设如何影响目的地竞争力, 并阐明数字经济的潜在机制。此外, 还讨论了智慧城市建设对目的地竞争力影响的区域异质性。

鉴于中国智慧城市建设试点的准自然实验特征, 本研究基于272个中国地级城市的面板数据集, 采用双重差分方法检验了智慧城市建设对目的地竞争力的因果影响。

研究结果表明, 智慧城市建设显著增强了城市目的地竞争力, 这种影响每年都在增加。数字基础设施和数字金融是影响机制。智慧城市建设对城市旅游竞争力的积极影响不因地理位置而异, 不同行政级别的城市之间存在显著差异。智慧城市建设对低行政级别城市目的地竞争力的影响更为显著。经济发展水平和创新能力的提高有助于发挥智慧城市对旅游竞争力的积极影响。

本研究基于多源数据构建了一个新的智慧城市建设和目的地竞争力面板数据集, 并在智慧城市建设、数字经济和目的地竞争之间建立了理论联系。本文就如何通过创建智慧城市和利用数字经济来提高目的地竞争力提供了宝贵的见解。旅游部门应积极参与智慧城市建设, 促进旅游业的数字化转型。

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo afecta la construcción de ciudades inteligentes a la competitividad de los destinos y dilucidar los posibles mecanismos de la economía digital. Se aborda también la heterogeneidad regional de la influencia de la construcción de ciudades inteligentes en la competitividad de los destinos.

Dadas las características de experimento casi natural del proyecto piloto de construcción de ciudades inteligentes en China, este estudio aplica un enfoque de diferencias en diferencias temporales utilizando un conjunto de datos de panel de 272 ciudades chinas de nivel de prefectura para examinar los efectos causales de la construcción de ciudades inteligentes sobre la competitividad de los destinos.

Los resultados indican una mejora sustancial de la competitividad de los destinos urbanos gracias a la construcción de ciudades inteligentes, efecto que aumenta cada año. La infraestructura digital y las finanzas digitales actúan como mecanismos de influencia. Los efectos positivos de la construcción de ciudades inteligentes sobre la competitividad Del turismo urbano no difieren en función de la ubicación geográfica, sino que las diferencias significativas se producen entre ciudades de diferentes niveles administrativos. El impacto de la construcción de ciudades inteligentes en la competitividad de los destinos es más significativo en las ciudades de bajo nivel administrativo. La mejora del nivel de desarrollo económico y la capacidad de innovación contribuyen al impacto positivo de las ciudades inteligentes en la competitividad turística.

Este estudio construye un nuevo conjunto de datos de panel para la construcción de ciudades inteligentes y la competitividad de los destinos basado en datos de múltiples fuentes y plantea un vínculo teórico entre la construcción de ciudades inteligentes, la economía digital y la competitividad de los destinos. Este artículo ofrece un valioso conocimiento sobre cómo impulsar la competitividad de los destinos mediante la creación de ciudades inteligentes y el aprovechamiento de la economía digital. Los sectores turísticos deberían participar de forma proactiva en la construcción de ciudades inteligentes y fomentar la transformación digital del turismo.

This study aims to provide nuanced insights into the effectiveness of digital outdoor advertising in redefining urban tourism appeal. Amidst a transformative era for urban tourism and city branding strategies, this study evaluates Tecoration’s influence on city branding and tourism promotion frameworks. Using the “Wave” digital outdoor advertising campaign in Seoul as a focal point, this analysis explores how such innovative marketing efforts reshape potential tourists’ perceptions and intentions toward visiting Seoul.

The study uses a bifurcated methodological framework. The initial phase undertakes a granular topical analysis, decoding keyword patterns from YouTube video commentaries, offering an unmediated insight into viewer sentiment. This is juxtaposed with a structural equation modeling technique in the subsequent phase, which serves to validate and triangulate the findings of the primary analysis.

The study reveals that viewer reactions, imbued with a sense of surprise attributable to both the content’s novelty and the technological innovation, exhibit a strong correlation with increased media engagement. This enhanced engagement significantly influences the viewers’ overall perception of the city, culminating in a marked increase in their intentions to visit Seoul.

The findings have transformative implications for city branding strategies, accentuating the potential of digital outdoor mediums. The study advocates for a paradigm shift that underscores the indispensability of Tecoration in elevating urban brand imagery and catalyzing the broader objectives of smart city metamorphosis, urban tourism rejuvenation and commercial growth trajectories.

The results of this research highlight the transformative potential of digital outdoor media in city branding. The findings suggest a shift in strategy, emphasizing the critical role of Tecoration in enhancing urban brand imagery, driving smart city development, revitalizing urban tourism and fostering commercial growth. This study underscores the strategic importance of integrating Tecoration into the urban branding framework, showcasing its vital contribution to the growth and dynamism of modern cities.

The findings of this study highlight the social implications of integrating Tecoration media in urban environments. By enhancing city branding and tourism through innovative digital signage, cities can foster a more vibrant and attractive urban atmosphere, promoting community pride and engagement. Additionally, the increased visitor traffic can boost local economies and support cultural exchange, contributing to the overall social and economic well-being of urban areas. Strategic use of digital outdoor advertising can also bridge the gap between technological advancements and public spaces, creating more interactive and inclusive urban experiences for residents and tourists alike.

This study embraces a viewer-centric perspective, delving into the relatively uncharted realms of surprise and media engagement within the digital consumption landscape. By adopting this innovative angle, the research significantly deepens the comprehension of viewer experiences and broadens the academic boundaries concerning city branding and media effect frameworks in management literature.

This paper aims to explore the intricate relationship among urban tourism, sustainability and the contributions of natural environments to the quality of life and convivial atmospheres in urban destinations. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge, exploring the nuances of how natural environments impact the well-being of diverse demographic groups, both locals and visitors.

The study systematically reviews the literature using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) technique and uses the Scopus database. The search strategy incorporates key terms related to urban tourism, sustainability, quality of life and natural environments.

The findings of the systematic literature review provide insights into the current landscape of urban tourism, sustainability and the role of natural environments. The paper synthesizes existing knowledge, identifying trends, challenges and opportunities in leveraging natural environments for sustainable urban tourism.

Despite offering a thorough synthesis, this study has certain limitations. The scope is limited to articles published in English and available in the Scopus database, following the PRISMA guidelines. The implications of this research are significant, informing future studies and guiding urban tourism planning and policy development.

This research contributes to the existing literature by unraveling complexities in the interplay between natural environments, quality of life and convivial atmospheres in urban tourism. The emphasis on cross-cultural perspectives and the post-COVID-19 era adds originality, providing insights that can guide future research and practical applications in the field.

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine and address the historical gender biases within heritage tourism, particularly focusing on the marginalisation of women’s narratives, and subsequently, to advocate for a more inclusive and gender-neutral approach in both the interpretation and management of cultural and heritage tourism.

Rather than adhering strictly to one methodological tradition, the pragmatist framework for this study involves a cursory review of extant academic literature pertaining to the historical representation of women in heritage tourism. Since pragmatism acknowledges that theories are context-dependent, the review is coupled with a discerning reflection on our own extensive body of work spanning the last 15 years, particularly focusing on gender dynamics and women’s roles within the broader context of tourism studies.

Findings advocate for investigating the use of women’s histories to foster diversity in cultural heritage and heritage tourism; highlighting marginalised indigenous and migrant women; examining the impact of inclusivity changes on urban spatial practices; and advancing historical methodologies for non-Anglo women’s histories in heritage tourism.

The paper underscores a positive shift in the tourism academy towards recognising diversity in research and, in line with this, contributes to a prospective research agenda that advocates for the nuanced exploration of women’s histories in the promotion of diversity and inclusivity in cultural heritage and heritage tourism management.

本文旨在批判性地审视和解决遗产旅游中的历史性性别偏见, 尤其关注女性叙事的边缘化, 进而倡导在文化和遗产旅游的解释和管理中采用更具包容性和性别中立的方法。

本研究没有严格遵循一种方法论传统。本研究的实用主义框架涉及对现有学术文献的简要回顾, 这些文献与女性在遗产旅游中的历史表现有关。由于实用主义承认理论是依赖于具体情境的, 因此该综述结合了对我们过去15年广泛研究成果的敏锐反思, 特别关注旅游研究大背景下的性别动态和女性角色。

研究结果倡导利用女性历史来促进文化遗产和遗产旅游中的多样性; 强调被边缘化的土著和移民女性; 研究包容性变化对城市空间实践的影响; 并推进在遗产旅游中对非英裔女性历史的历史研究方法。

本文强调了旅游学术界在研究中逐渐认可多样性的积极转变, 并据此为未来的研究议程做出贡献, 提倡在文化遗产和遗产旅游管理中通过详细探讨女性历史来促进多样性和包容性。

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar y abordar críticamente los sesgos históricos de género en el turismo patrimonial, en particular centrándose en la marginación de las narrativas de las mujeres y, posteriormente, abogando por un enfoque más inclusivo y neutro desde el punto de vista del género, tanto en la interpretación como en la gestión del turismo cultural y patrimonial.

En lugar de adherirse estrictamente a una tradición metodológica, el marco pragmatista de este estudio implica una revisión somera de la literatura académica existente sobre la representación histórica de las mujeres en el turismo patrimonial. Dado que el pragmatismo reconoce que las teorías dependen del contexto, la revisión se complementa con una reflexión perspicaz sobre nuestro extenso corpus de trabajo de los últimos 15 años, centrándose particularmente en la dinámica de género y en los roles de las mujeres en el contexto más amplio de los estudios de turismo.

Las conclusiones abogan por investigar el uso de las historias de mujeres para fomentar la diversidad en el patrimonio cultural y el turismo patrimonial; poner de relieve a las mujeres indígenas y migrantes marginadas; examinar el impacto de los cambios inclusivos en las prácticas espaciales urbanas; y avanzar en las metodologías históricas para las historias de mujeres no anglosajonas en el turismo patrimonial.

Este artículo subraya un cambio positivo en la academia de turismo hacia el reconocimiento de la diversidad en la investigación y, en consonancia con ello, contribuye a una agenda de investigación prospectiva que aboga por la exploración matizada de las historias de las mujeres en la promoción de la diversidad y la inclusión en la gestión del patrimonio cultural y del turismo patrimonial.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between being an inclusive city and branding oneself as such, as more cities adopt the inclusive city concept as part of their brand identity.

This paper builds theory by introducing a typology that categorizes cities based on their level of inclusion and degree of branding, supplemented by an analysis of the branding practices and identities. Integrating the literature on inclusive city and city branding, with a specific focus on the inherent conflict between their sharing and competing attributes, this research postulates that a city may choose to engage in being inclusive and branding itself as such in various ways depending on its dominant motivations of altruism or entrepreneurialism.

Four distinct types of inclusive city branding are identified: inclusion ambassadors (high inclusion and high branding); innate champions (high inclusion and low branding); façade marketers (low inclusion and high branding); and silent segregators (low inclusion and low branding). Furthermore, it underscores that inclusive city branding is shaped by the interplay of entrepreneurialism and altruism, not just a city’s inclusion. Different branding practices, such as media-generated images, narratives and events, are emphasized when entrepreneurialism is the primary motivation, whereas iconic architecture buildings, flagship projects and long-term policies are more associated with altruism.

This study develops a typology to unravel the paradoxical aspects of inclusive city branding. Examining the intersection of city branding motivations and practices enriches existing literature. Moreover, its findings offer valuable insights for cities grappling with the implementation of contentious inclusive branding strategies, thereby bridging theory with practical applications.

Cities are facing challenges that dramatically affect their social and physical landscapes, leading to the increase of urban segregation and polarization. One response to these challenges is adaptive reuse, yet, in heterogeneous communities, these adaptations are often a source of conflict, because local actions often lack an integrative approach, leading to further exclusion. In this paper the authors explore the potential of adaptive reuse of urban heritage as a planning tool to support inclusiveness and heterogeneity.

The city of Acre is used as a case study, where different scenarios for urban heritage are proposed and tested among stakeholders through interviews. These aim to explore how adaptive reuse processes can lead to the inclusion or exclusion of certain groups and how design interventions in historic urban landscapes challenge the way the current disconnected historic and urban layers interact.

The paper presents the commonalities and differences between the interviewees' perceptions on Acre's functioning, their idea of inclusiveness and other aspects related to urban design. Moreover, it highlights the existing conflicts of interest, value prioritization and the adequacy of the proposed scenarios, serving as a way to verify the accuracy of the scenario building process.

Testing an urban design tool related to adaptive reuse of urban heritage in a real and extreme case, based on the guidelines of the Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation; and critically analysing the sources of conflict and value systems to address inclusion in heterogenous settings.

This paper comprehensively investigates the lack of youth involvement in the intricate tapestry of urban policymaking in the Jordanian context. It attempts to present and illustrate the obstacles, challenges, hindrances and complexities facing engaging youth in urban planning in Jordan. Participants aged 18–24 were the primary focus of the investigation, as Jordan's population is predominantly youthful, with approximately 70% of the population under the age of 30.

The research methodology adopted in this study is a mixed-methods approach, which integrates both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analytical techniques to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the research problem.

Youth involvement in Jordan's urban policymaking is limited and inconsistent. Most notably, the prevalence of adultism emerges as the predominant and most substantive impediment, exerting a considerable influence on constraining the agency of young Jordanians in shaping urban policy.

Detailed examples can be developed to offer discerning elucidations relevant to each frame of reference.

A total of 12 discernible barriers emerged from a systematic deductive thematic analysis of primary data.

This comprehensive inquiry highlights the pervasive gaps in support for youth participation in urban policymaking within the administrative framework and across Jordanian society. Subsequent quantitative analysis was employed to strengthen the external validity of the research findings, thereby enhancing the generalizability of the qualitative insights. By employing Jordan as a case study, this paper significantly contributes to the expanding corpus of scholarly work on planning processes and practices within the Global South and the Arab world.

This study looked at the potential applications of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) for inclusive community development and participation, sustainable tourism, and rural community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in sub-Saharan Africa and other rural areas worldwide.

To evaluate resource management systems for rural tourism and the environment in Africa and abroad. The study makes use of reviews of relevant literature and documents, and while linking applications for sustainable tourism and local community empowerment with CBNRM and GIS, vital content was manually analyzed.

The study shows a potential affinity between agricultural and tourism businesses that GIS in line with the CBNRM conception can strengthen. In many rural and underdeveloped regions of the continent, this highlights the need for a credible and varied tourism strategy to develop and empower the relevant communities.

Most agricultural communities in Africa are located in low-income regions. Such areas are rich in natural wildlife and have popular tourist destinations. A mix of regional community development initiatives can be built using GIS, sustainable tourism, CBNRM, and community-based tourism (CBT).

This study aims to demonstrate how women's involvement in urban planning and design in Gulf cities improves urban space's inclusivity and strengthens identity through cultural heritage revitalisation. It also promotes the participation of women in architecture and city-making by showcasing how shaping urban spaces offers local communities opportunities for social interaction and a more inclusive environment.

The paper critically compares two case studies in the Gulf region—one in the United Arab Emirates and the other in Bahrain—according to four inclusion criteria: context connection, cultural sensitivity, community engagement and choices of amenities. These inclusion criteria are also applied to an experimental project by women architects' students in Saudi Arabia to inspire the future female architects of the Gulf region. From urban to architectural scales, the project offers a glance into the heritage design by women architects.

In light of this critical analysis, this study highlights the sensitivity to issues related to the revitalisation of urban areas by women architects. The case studies identified show the role of the female architect in making architecture and linking cultural heritage with contemporary themes. These projects stitch the past with the present and link cultural identity with aspects related to sustainable architecture. Therefore, valorising women's architectural experience is necessary to contribute to sustainable urban development in the Gulf region and beyond.

The present study addresses the importance of the role of women architects in the Gulf region. The research promotes the full and equal participation of women in the architecture and construction of the city to recognise their achievements by increasing their involvement in the work in a more integrated and balanced way.