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All the algorithms introduced by the authors in their finite‐element computational program for studying fields easily and quickly are described in the paper. Moreover, an application of the analysis of the thermal field to a three‐phase transformer is proposed. This analysis gives a valid help to designing transformers having to provide services to satisfy some particular needs.

The more the rate of sub‐division of the grid into subareas is high, the more the Maxwell’s sub‐areas method of studying the current field generated by a grounding grid is accurate. In this paper the authors suggest a fuzzy approach applied to a horizontal cylindrical electrode which allows them to determine in advance the errors due to the different rates of subdivision.

This paper aims to design an algorithm able to locate all the possible dangerous areas generated by the leaking of a fault current in a grounding system (i.e. the areas where the limits of the technical standards are not respected) and thus locate, inside each area, the point which takes locally the maximum value of touch voltage.

A fast evolutionary‐deterministic algorithm to solve constrained multimodal optimization problems is proposed. The algorithm is composed by three algorithmic blocks: a Quasi Genetic Algorithm to find a population of feasible solutions, a Fitness Sharing Selection to choose a subpopulation of feasible and fitter solutions having high diversity, a Hooke‐Jeeves Algorithm to find all the global and local feasible maxima.

The proposed algorithm has been successfully applied to various current field (i.e. to many shapes of grounding grids) problems to find the dangerous values of touch voltages generated by various grounding systems having any shape and it has turned out to be fast and reliable.

For this kind of problems, in fact, there is a lack, in literature, of multimodal optimization methods under safety constraints and the application of classical methods (e.g. genetic algorithms or deterministic methods) would be often inadequate since these methods are made so as to converge towards a single maximum point and so they unavoidably lose the information related to all the other possible maxima. On the contrary, a good application of the proposed allows the overcoming of these limits.

Thermal stress of the rotor in a squirrel cage induction motor is generated due to the temperature rise, and the structure of the rotor will be destroyed if the stress acted on the rotor exceeds its limits, so the thermal stress is also one of the main causes led to broken bar fault. The purpose of this paper is to report the thermal stress coupled analysis for the induction motor with healthy and faulty rotor, and to find the variation tendency of the temperature and thermal stress due to broken bars, and the part most likely to break in the rotor as a result of the thermal stress load are identified.

The steady temperature and thermal stress of the rotor in the case of the healthy and faulty conditions are calculated by finite element method, and the 3D model of the motor used in the experiments is established and the experimental results are presented for both healthy and faulty machines.

The influence of the broken bars fault on the motor thermal profile and thermal stress can be found, and it explains why the breaking point always appears in the joint of the bars and end rings.

The paper presents the 3D thermal stress coupled model and performance characteristics of induction motor with broken bars. The reasonable constraint is established according to the contact of components each other, and more reasonable fracture location is selected. The results obtained by the simulation model are in a good agreement with practical situation, because the effect of skewed rotor were taken into consideration in the process of simulation.

In the past years, there has been an increasing concern about turn‐to‐turn faults in power transformers, due to the high costs that unexpected outages cause. It is not always possible to analyse the transformer behaviour under such faults at rated conditions, since the tests are largely destructive. Therefore, models are of great importance to avoid severe damage to machines. In this paper, a model based on flux rearrangement around the damaged turn is presented. Two roles are assigned simultaneously to the damaged turn – i.e. the turn is seen as damaged but segregated from winding, and virtually undamaged belonging to the winding – and the damaged turn leakage flux is considered to be a coupling flux between the two roles. Thus, complex relations of magnetic couplings between the turn and the rest of the transformer are avoided, resulting in a very fast model, easy to develop further, which has been validated through a comparison with a finite element model.

This study aims to investigate the organisational structure to exploit data analytics in the educational sector. The paper proposes three different organisational configurations, which describe the connections among educational actors in a national system. The ultimate goal is to provide insights about alternative organisational settings for the adoption of data analytics in education.

The paper is based on a participant observation approach applied in the Italian educational system. The study is based on four research projects that involved teachers, school principals and governmental organisations over the period 2017–2020.

As a result, the centralised, the decentralised and the network-based configurations are presented and discussed according to three organisational dimensions of analysis (organisational layers, roles and data management). The network-based configuration suggests the presence of a network educational data scientist that may represent a concrete solution to foster more efficient and effective use of educational data analytics.

The value of this study relies on its systemic approach to educational data analytics from an organisational perspective, which unfolds the roles of schools and central administration. The analysis of the alternative organisational configuration allows moving a step forward towards a structured, effective and efficient system for the use of data in the educational sector.

Systematic oppression and marginalization of queer (sometimes also referred to as LGBTQ) people has affected all aspects of U.S. society, including education at all levels. Despite the heavy policing of queer sexuality and gender both inside and outside higher education, these aspects of identity have been overlooked in educational policy. This paper discusses federal educational policy that affects queer students, faculty, and staff in higher education.

Discussion in this paper is informed by three guiding tenets: sexuality is both central and marginal to queer identities; trans* identities are both inclusive of and beyond those who are in the process of confirming their gender identity through hormones and/or surgery; discussion of educational policy must acknowledge queer theory’s utility and nonutility.

The status of queer people in colleges and universities is reviewed first. Then, challenges of developing policy to address queer issues are acknowledged, while also illustrating recent policy changes and judicial rulings that have positive implications for queer people in higher education.

The paper concludes by identifying remaining gaps and recommendations for future policy development, including the need for federal nondiscrimination laws that cover sexual and gender minorities and restructuring policies for queer inclusion.

Gives introductory remarks about chapter 1 of this group of 31 papers, from ISEF 1999 Proceedings, in the methodologies for field analysis, in the electromagnetic community. Observes that computer package implementation theory contributes to clarification. Discusses the areas covered by some of the papers ‐ such as artificial intelligence using fuzzy logic. Includes applications such as permanent magnets and looks at eddy current problems. States the finite element method is currently the most popular method used for field computation. Closes by pointing out the amalgam of topics.

This work uses survey data from the Portuguese Securities Market Commission (Comissão de Mercado de Valores Mobiliários – CMVM) to examine financial literacy and literacy bias. The main objective of this study is to shed light on this issue by identifying the individual characteristics that are associated with financial literacy, namely overconfidence and underconfidence, which in turn might help explain individuals' financial decisions. The study distinguishes two groups, i.e. students and nonstudents, and considers several characteristics that are usually employed in this stream of research.

The data are based on a survey conducted by a partnership between the CMVM and a consortium of Portuguese universities. This paper has a three-fold aim. First, it studies the main individual features associated with objective financial literacy. Second, it analyzes the relationship between those variables and the bias between self-perceived and objective literacy, distinguishing overconfidence and underconfidence. Third, and most originally, this framework was also used to examine the differences between students and nonstudents. Those aims are pursued using cross-sectional ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, except for the study of the literacy bias, for which the authors use an ordered probit.

Literacy is higher in individuals of the male gender who are older, have higher incomes, live in metropolitan areas, are highly educated, have a field of study related to finance and have high self-perceived literacy. Younger people are more overconfident. Unconditionally, women are less overconfident than men, but conditionally, they overestimate their knowledge. People holding securities and with a field of study related to finance are more overconfident. The gender effect is mainly driven by students, and the impact of a field of study and of holding securities on overconfidence decreases and increases, respectively, for students. The results highlight the importance of financial education.

Due to the way that the questionnaire was made available, there is no guarantee that the sample is representative of the Portuguese general population, or, for that matter, representative of the typical Portuguese retail investors or households. Also, there is no guarantee that the same individual did not answer the questionnaire more than once, although this is highly improbable. The link to the online questionnaire was only transmitted within e-mail databases owned by the CMVM and Portuguese universities, so the authors cannot guarantee its unbiasedness.

The authors' results may help the National Plan for Financial Education (the acronym in Portuguese is PNFF) fine-tune the required actions towards different target groups and, most importantly, highlight that different groups may require different approaches aiming to narrow the gap between objective and perceived literacy. The first step should be creating procedures to provide feedback on the objective and perceived literacy of those who enroll in financial formation programs.

The study distinguishes two groups, students and nonstudents, providing additional insights that might guide policymakers on how to structure financial education to enhance individual financial behavior. This is especially important in a country such as Portugal which has the lowest objective financial literacy in the Eurozone.

This study contributes to the financial literacy literature, in particular to the stream of research that focuses on psychological biases, by shedding light on the factors associated with both individual overconfidence and underconfidence. Differentiating between students and nonstudents provides additional insights, which might guide policymakers on how to structure financial education to enhance individual financial behavior.

This review, which was created specifically for cancer care by reviewing the literature, was prepared to provide suggestions for determining the current difficulties in cancer care during COVID-19 outbreak and managing these difficulties. It is thought that this review can contribute to the identification of deficiencies related to the subject, to create interest in this issue in our country and in the world and to guide patients in the care during the COVID-19 pandemic process.

The literature search was carried out using the following electronic seven databases. Search terms used included: “COVID-19”, “management of cancer care” and “cancer care”. Articles meeting the following criteria were included in the current review: articles published in English, articles published in peer-reviewed journals and articles and guidelines published in 2020, articles suggesting management of cancer care during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The findings suggest that new guidelines need to be created to assess the level of problems in cancer treatment and in hospital, to respond appropriately with the best available resources during COVID-19 outbreak.

This paper seeks to provide suggestions for determining the current difficulties in cancer care during COVID-19 outbreak and managing these difficulties. By doing so, it is believed the suggestions presented will contribute significantly to the quality of cancer care during COVID-19 outbreak.