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Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a deadly virus named after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; it affects the respiratory system of the human and sometimes leads to death. The COVID-19 mainly attacks the person with previous lung diseases; the major cause of lung diseases is the exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for a longer duration. NO2 is a gaseous air pollutant caused as an outcome of the vehicles, industrial smoke and other combustion processes. Exposure of NO2 for long-term leads to the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and sometimes leads to fatality. This paper aims to analyze the NO2 level impact in India during pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown. The study also examines the relationship between the fatality rate of humans because of exposure to NO2 and COVID-19.

Spatial analysis has been conducted in India based on the mortality rate caused by the COVID-19 using the data obtained through Internet of Medical things. Meanwhile, the mortality rate because of the exposure of NO2 has been conducted in India to analyze the relationship. Further, NO2 level assessment is carried out using Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite data. Moreover, aerosol optical depth analysis has been carried out based on NASA’s Earth Observing System data.

The results indicate that NO2 level has dropped 20-year low because of the COVID-19 lockdown. The results also determine that the mortality rate because of long-time exposure to NO2 is higher than COVID-19 and the mortality rate because of COVID-19 may be a circumlocutory effect owing to the inhalation of NO2.

Using the proposed approach, the COVID-19 spread can be identified by knowing the air pollution in major cities. The research also identifies that COVID-19 may have an effect because of the inhalation of NO2, which can severe the COVID-19 in the human body.

The purpose of the study is to highlight the potential of the sensor based smartphone in assessing the covid-19 cases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a noxious pandemic affecting the respiratory system of the human and leading to the severe acute respiratory syndrome, sometimes causing death. COVID-19 is a highly transmittable disease that spreads from an infected person to others. In this regard, a smart device is required to monitor the COVID-19 infected patients by which widespread pandemic can be reduced.

In this paper, an electrochemical sensor-enabled smartphone has been developed to assess the COVID-19 infected patients. The data-enabled smartphone uses the Internet of Things (IoT) to share the details with the other devices. The electrochemical sensor enables the smartphone to evaluate the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of COVID-19 without the nucleic acid and feeds the data into the data server by using a smartphone.

The obtained result identifies the infected person by using the portable electrochemical sensor-enabled smartphone, and the data is feed into the data server using the IoT. Whenever an infected person moves outside the restricted zone, the data server gives information to the concerned department.

The developed electrochemical sensor-enabled smartphone gives an accuracy of 81% in assessing the COVID-19 cases. Thus, through the developed approach, a COVID-19 infected person can be identified and the spread can be minimized.

This study investigates the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on daily stock returns for the six major affected WHO Regions, namely: Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia and Western Pacific.

This study uses an event study method and panel-data regression models to examine the effect of the daily increase in the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases on daily stock returns from 1 March to 1 August 2020 for the leading stock market in major affected countries in the WHO regions.

The results reveal an adverse impact of the daily increasing number of COVID-19 cases on stock returns and stock markets fell quickly in response to the pandemic. The findings also suggest that negative market reaction was strong during the early stage of the outbreak between the 26th and 35th days after the initial confirmed cases. We further find that stock markets in the Western Pacific region experienced more negative abnormal returns as compared to other regions. The results also confirm that feelings of fear among investors turned out to be a mediator and a transmission channel for the effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the stock markets.

This study contributes to financial literature in two ways. First, we contribute to existing literature that has examined the effect of various catastrophes and crises on the stock markets Second, we contribute to the recent emerging literature that examines the impact of COVID-19 on financial markets.

The study may have implications for policymakers to deal with this outbreak without triggering uncertainty in stock markets and reassure investors' confidence. The study may also be of interest to investors, managers, financial analysts by revealing how the stock markets quickly respond to outbreaks.

This study is the first study to examine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the leading stock markets of the WHO regions.

The present world is crippled with the pandemic coronavirus (Covid-19). The pandemic that originated in Wuhan city of China has sent every country in the world in an unprecedented situation that has social and economic impacts. This paper aims to explore whether epidemics and pandemics have any impact on consumption patterns among rural and urban consumers in India. Taking pandemic Covid-19 as a case study, it was explored how this pandemic impacted the consumption pattern of consumers in India; what are the similarities and/or differences between rural and urban consumers that are found in their consumption habits in the wake of Covid-19 pandemic.

The required data was collected through questionnaires sent to respondents. Approximately 500 respondents were contacted through the mail to fill in the survey questionnaire. Despite the sincere efforts, a total of 175 complete survey questionnaires were filled in by respondents. The study used SPSS Statistics version 25 software for the analysis of data.

It was found that epidemics and pandemics have a profound impact on the pattern of consumption in India. The study reveals that consumers resort to panic buying in the initial stages of epidemics and pandemics. It was found that consumption habits of consumers went a sea change and they were spending largely on essentials only. The study also reveals that the majority of consumers would like to continue in the same consumption habits as that of during COVID-19. The consumption pattern of urban consumers witnessed more change than the consumption pattern of rural consumers. It is due to the closure of eateries and restaurants, shopping malls, movie theatres, etc., in urban areas that forced the change in the consumption pattern of urban consumers.

The research has a limitation of using a less sample size. For the generalizations, more robust studies can be conducted with more data.

The findings of the study will give marketers an insight for framing their policies in the wake of epidemics and pandemics.

The research adds to the existing body of knowledge. There are plenty of studies on the behaviour of consumers. However, there are no major studies that focus on the behaviour of consumers during the outbreak of a pandemic. So, this study fills this gap in the existing body of knowledge.

Selection of a suitable location for a quarantine infrastructure represents a complex decision problem, which requires a systematic appraisal of myriads of factors. Quarantine facility in this study is a facility that intends to harbour and treat individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 to prevent the widespread of the virus. COVID-19 is a very contagious pandemic disease, hence, the establishment of critical factors that will embrace the selection of a suitable quarantine facility is of high importance. This paper aims to ascertain the vital few factors that must be considered by decision makers in selecting a suitable quarantine facility.

The aim of this study was achieved through the numerical assessment of identified quarantine location selection factors using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Pareto techniques. The factors, which influences the selection of a suitable quarantine facility for COVID-19 patients were first identified from the literature followed by the pairwise comparison of the factors and random consistency analyses, as well as the ranking of the alternatives based on facility location experts’ opinions.

The study revealed that security, skills availability, cost, readiness, proximity to necessary medical facilities and distance to border, with percentage weight scores of 18%, 16.7%, 15.6%, 10.3%, 9.8% and 6.6% were the critical factors that must be considered during the selection of a quarantine facility for COVID-19 patients.

The results of this paper will help the government and decision makers in locating the quarantine sites for people who tested positive for the COVID-19 virus.

The present study focuses on the application of the decision technique to ascertain critical factors that embrace suitable quarantine facility selection. Combination of AHP and Pareto techniques for prioritization of conflicting factors to be considered in selecting the most suitable location for a quarantine facility has not been reported by existing literature.

As the world faces a new health crisis threatening people with the spread of Covid-19, this study aims to summarize the key information of Covid-19 related to disease characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention along with the lessons learned from Thailand.

The narrative review was synthesized from various sources such as the World Health Organization; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Ministry of Public Health and other related news; articles in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar; and the author's perspective regarding the lessons learned from Thailand with keywords of “Covid-19” and “Coronavirus” from January to August 2020. Google Trends was used to set common questions.

Covid-19 is the seventh family of coronaviruses that cause various symptoms related to respiratory systems. The disease can be treated through general and symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs. As of July 2020, there are four potential vaccine candidates ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, mRNA-1273, Ad5-nCOV and BNT162b1. The recommendations for Covid-19 prevention are physical distancing, face masks, eye protection and hand washing. Thailand is now considered as low-risk for Covid-19 possibly because of (1) soft policy by government actions, (2) village health volunteers, (3) integration of technology and (4) fact-based communications.

This study summarized the key points about Covid-19, clarified some misunderstandings and shared strategic actions from Thailand, which can be adapted according to the different capacities and situations in other countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused global supply disruptions and shortages that resulted in countries battling over desperately needed (medical) supplies. In this mayhem, additive manufacturing (AM) provided relief to the strained healthcare systems and manufacturing environments by offering an alternative way to rapidly produce desired products. This study sheds light on how AM was used globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study undertakes a systematic and content-centric review of 289 additively manufactured products made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, quantitative frequency-based text mining and various descriptive analyses were applied that support the investigation of the subject under regard.

Results show that AM was primarily used in the medical domain for the production of standard medical items, such as personal protective equipment (PPE) but also for non-obvious and new applications (e.g. swab simulator, rapid diagnostic kits, etc.). Also, certain paradigm shifts were observed, as the effective move to mass production and the mitigation of problems related to certification and standardization emerged as prominent management prospects. Nevertheless, various obstacles arose and remained in the path of lasting AM success, especially with respect to print quality, raw material supply and technological versatility.

Due to the actuality of the topic under investigation, no comparable study has so far been conducted. The systematic review provides a conclusive and precise foundation for further analysis and subsequent discussions. Additionally, no comparable study mapping such a wide array of different AM products exists today.

This study analyzes the desires and behavioral intentions of tourists within the scope of perception of COVID-19 and nonpharmaceutical intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The population of the research consists of people on a touristic trip in Turkey. Because of the pandemic, questionnaire data was collected online between 25 April and 15 May 2020. The research was carried out with 712 questionnaire forms. The data obtained were analyzed by structural equation modeling in the SM-PLS statistics program.

Perception of COVID-19 significantly and positively affects NPI and negatively and significantly affects desire. Perception of COVID-19 and NPI do not have a significant positive/negative effect on behavioral intention. Finally, desire has a significantly positive effect on behavioral intention.

Since the research has limitations in terms of time, cost, accessibility and control difficulties, the entire population could not be reached. The study was carried out with only 712 tourists traveling in Turkey.

The obtained results will impact, particularly the decisions taken in Turkey's tourism sector. Moreover, if tourism companies know the decisions of the consumers during the pandemic process, they can use the appropriate marketing techniques.

The result may give an idea about the decision-making process of the consumers on traveling during the pandemic. In this way, psychologically different research can be developed.

There has not been any study made in Turkey that investigated the context of the current research model. Therefore, this research is original.

This study aims to explore individuals’ attitudes and intentions towards mask purchase in Pakistan at an initial outbreak of COVID-19.

The study is quantitatively based on the cross-sectional data. The data are collected through a survey questionnaire. Convenience sampling strategy is used to target the individuals of Pakistan. At the first, 650 questionnaires were distributed. In return, the authors received 321 raw samples with the response rate of 53.5%. Finally, 316 useful samples are proceeded to infer the final results.

The structural equation model’s results demonstrate a positive and significant effect of fear of complication of COVID-19, knowledge about COVID-19 and health consciousness on attitudes towards the mask. Further, attitudes towards mask are found to be the robust analyst of mask purchase intention.

The study used cross-sectional data through a single source of data collection. The findings of the survey are on the sample size of 316.

The study would help policymakers to formulate the strategies to make aware individuals regarding their health and COVID-19 issues. The study would provide the guidelines to the government agents of Pakistan to combat with COVID-19 through the purchase of mask. The shopkeepers would be aware to observe the intentions and attitudes of consumers towards mask.

The outcomes of this study offer a shred of empirical evidence for attitudes and intentions regarding the purchase of mask, particularly for developing country settings.

This study aims to perform a systematic review of the dialectics and telematics strategy for regulating religion during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also analyzes some important issues related to religions, state, and society.

A critical literature review was performed to complete this study, using media, institutional, national, and international reports, as well as recent and previous studies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Religion was one of the social entities that had a crucial effect on the COVID-19 pandemic. The new system in the form of social distancing affects its performance. Furthermore, the response of religion in Indonesia is unique when its status is considered as the largest Islamic country in the world. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze and demonstrate the dynamics of relationships between actors, religion, and state in the process and strategy of religious regulation.

This study was carried out using a single methodological approach.

This study provides input to both religion and the state (government) in building a synergy of constructive responses to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

It provides input to society in understanding the critical intersection between religion, state, and society.

This may be the first academic study that analyzes the problems of the process of regulating religion in the context of COVID-19.