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This paper explores the entrepreneurial transformation of Bangtan Sonyeondan or Bangtan Boys (BTS), tracing their journey from initiation through expansion. Despite the global prominence of their music, dance and outreach, many aspects of BTS’s meteoric rise remain underexplored. This study aims to illuminate the strategic and organizational developments that have propelled their unprecedented growth in the global media landscape.

Using case study research methods, this paper uses a multimodal approach to examine BTS’s intricate interactions with market dynamics and fan engagement comprehensively. Using entrepreneurial innovation as the overarching theoretical framework, the authors categorize BTS’s transformational processes into drivers, practices and outcomes, thereby elucidating the strategies used to navigate key challenges and pivotal moments in their worldwide ascent.

The BTS organization exhibits a distinct entrepreneurial orientation and transformation process across its phases of initiation, development, growth and expansion. The authors identify specific drivers, practices and outcomes along with strategic vision, actionable practices and measurable performance outcomes at each stage.

While this study draws valuable parallels between BTS’s trajectory and established growth models, it recognizes the limitations inherent in a single-case study approach. The findings highlight the critical role of entrepreneurial leadership in the entertainment industry and suggest further exploration into the universal applicability of these models across different genres and cultural contexts within the music industry.

This paper underscores the importance of entrepreneurial innovation within entertainment organizations. The conceptual framework provided can assist managers in formulating strategies and policies for the growth and transformation of similar entities.

BTS’s case demonstrates how engaging a global audience with culturally specific content and the universal appeal of youthful energy can be transformative. This engagement is facilitated through effective use of music, dance and dynamic interactions on social media.

By analyzing BTS from an entrepreneurial leadership perspective, this study offers unique insights by examining their internal motivations and managerial practices, as well as the external outcomes, spanning from 2010 to 2023.

Background: This paper examines the relationship between determinants of blood transfusion sustainability (BTS) that is master production scheduling (MPS) and blood production (BP) of Uganda. The study was founded on four objectives. The study looked at the direct relationship between MPS and the BTS, direct relationship between MPS and BP, direct relationship between BP and BTS. It also assessed how BP mediated the direct relationship between MPS and BTS. The study used a quantitative method.

Methods: A survey questionnaire was administered to collect data from 367 staff of regional blood banks and government university teaching hospital blood banks; and 213 were found to be usable. The main analysis was done using structural equation modeling.

Results: This study found that MPS had a negative and insignificant relationship with the BTS. The study found that relationship between MPS and BP was positive and significant. The study also found that relationship between BP and BTS was positive and significant. The study concluded that the effect of MPS on BTS was fully mediated by BP. It was recommended that blood banks seeking to achieve transfusion sustainability must understand the sector in which they operate. The various stakeholders in the blood supply chain ie blood banks, hospital blood banks, funding agents, ministry of health, must also integrate to enhance the transfusion sustainability. Blood banks performance measures essentially timely delivery was very critical for saving lives of patients in need of blood.

Conclusion: The study has provided a new conceptual framework that investigate the BP mediating effect on the relationship of MPS and BTS, and thus can serve as an incentive for more research to be conducted in this regard of different developing countries. The authors also proposed identifying the effect of other BP factors such as blood donor management and hospital transfusion practices on BTS.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the key success factors behind Bangtan Boys’ (BTS) popularity, and how they can contribute to sustaining it, along with detailed strategies for the success of global pop.

This study adopts a mixed-methods approach that uses text mining and interviews and uses the success of BTS to find the key factors accounting for its sustained popularity. For use in text mining, we collected data related to BTS from social network sites (SNS) and analyzed this data using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling, term frequency analysis and keyword extraction. In addition, we conducted interviews to explore the key factors accounting for the sustained popularity of BTS.

We found ten key success factors—active global fandom, SNS communication, fans' loyalty, empathy through music, storytelling and world view, performance quality, music video quality, overseas expansion at an early stage, efforts for self-development and teamwork among members— for a global pop group's success and sustained popularity.

This study contributes to the literature by finding key factors for success and sustained popularity of a global group through using a mixed-methods approach.

Our results suggest strategies to sustain the popularity of global groups and its potential to benefit across the entertainment industry.

This study is among the first to comprehensively examine the key factors for Korean pop’s (K-pop) sustained popularity by using a mixed-methods approach of text mining and interviews.

The introduction of mobile telecommunication services in Nigeria led to the development of base transceiver stations (BTS) across the country. Inadequate power supply from the national grid has led to massive use of diesel-fueled back-up generators (BUGs). The purpose of this paper is to attempt to quantify and inform relevant stakeholders about air quality implications of BTS BUGs.

Seven major telecommunication network operators were identified. Emission factor approach was used to estimate the quantity of important air pollutants such as NO_x, CO, SO₂, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PAH and TVOC that are emitted from the use of the BUGs based on fuel consumption rate and generators’ capacity. Fuel-based emission inventory and emission factor from the United States Environmental Protection Agency AP-42 and National Pollution Inventory were used to estimate pollutants emission from diesel-powered generators used in the BTS sites and amount of diesel consumed. Land distribution and per capita dose of the estimated pollutants load were calculated.

The study showed that the deployment of BUGs will lead to increase emissions of these air pollutants. The states that are most affected are Lagos, Kano and Oyo, Katsina and Akwa Ibom states with respective total air pollutants contribution of 9,539.61, 9,445.34, 8,276.46, 7,805.14 and 7,220.70 tonnes/yr.

This study has estimated pollutant emissions from the use of diesel-fueled BUGs in mobile telecommunications BTS sites in Nigeria. The data obtained could assist in policy making.

Referring the phenomenon, the researchers create an application to deal with problems faced by the technician team and the vendor in searching the location of BTS tower.

This application uses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology which is the process of developing or changing a software system. One of the models owned by SDLC is the waterfall technique. It provides a sequential software flow approach starting from analysis, design, coding, testing and supporting stages.

There are some of the technician team and the vendor find difficulties in looking for the position of the BTS tower. As a solution, a facility which enables them to access the location in searching the BTS tower is needed.

The following is a display of the design results and the implementation of writing code in applications that have been made previously.

The purpose of this paper is to identify teachers’ conceptions of learning study in order to provide the basis for an application of phenomenography/variation theory (PVT) to the improvement of teachers’ learning about learning study.

A phenomenographic study based on semi-structured interviews with 18 beginner teachers of business and economics in England taking part in a learning study during their initial teacher education.

The study identified five conceptions of learning study and five associated critical aspects. Results raise questions about the relationship between the process and instructional design elements of learning study.

The study offers a framework for exploring differences in the quality of learning studies and the relationship between teacher conceptions of learning study and the degree of conceptual change in students in a learning study. It also enables facilitator/researchers to design and manage interventions to develop teacher understanding of learning study that are consistent with the principles of PVT.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether triad structures, as the smallest unit of a network, can facilitate or inhibit the evolution into a service ecosystem. According to SD logic literature, the triad structure and the institutions that dominate the triads determine the evolution into ecosystem, remain as triad or die. “Balanced centricity” is considered a desirable institution that increases the possibility of transforming triads into ecosystems through marketing equilibrium.

The authors apply a conceptual approach to develop a framework for deepening understanding about triads’ structures from the institution’s perspective (balanced centricity). Qualitative case study research was conducted using different methods of data generation including personal interviews and netnography analysis in the arts sector. Three case studies were developed, one for each triad structure: Sothebýs, Patreon and Vibuk.

New business models start being a triad, and it is a strategic option to evolve into an ecosystem. In this sense, authors argue for considering balanced centricity as an institution that enables the ecosystems to arise. From this perspective, balanced centricity can be considered a strategy that helps to balance and reach positive relationships among actors, enabling the process to become a “balance triad structure”.

The paper is a conceptual work that combines with an empirical approach. The empirical approach considers three success cases on the arts context. Considering other contexts as different from arts industry would be useful to add new perspectives to the theory development.

The present paper defines a new form of triad “balanced triad structure” (BTS) and identifies categories depending on the way balanced centricity institution is adopted, facilitating or inhibiting the future evolution into an ecosystem. Hitherto, previous papers have not put together these concepts that build on the triads and ecosystems theory to better understand triads management and facilitate the evolution of three-actor networks into ecosystems.

This paper, taking a participatory perspective of learning, seeks to look at the interaction between individuals and their workplace, focusing on the perceptions of workplaces and self by beginning teachers in terms of support for their learning.

The study presents an analysis of 37 interviews from 17 beginning teachers across 18 workplaces. Analysis used an adapted version of Evans and colleagues' expansive‐restrictive framework for evaluating workplaces, focusing on relational aspects. A matrix of congruence between individuals and their workplace is presented, highlighting the significance of personal networking.

Although beginning teachers concluded that their workplaces were largely expansive, they also identified concerns regarding perceptions of support availability. Formal and informal support was recognized and the significance of outside school support, such as through the University Faculty, was noted even for teachers in post. Good “matches”, differential engagement with the same workplace and similar agency in different workplaces were identified.

The matrix of congruence is offered as a tool to researchers and teacher educators interested in understanding how support is experienced by novice professionals. The study highlights the utility of taking a personal network perspective to conceiving workplaces as not necessarily bounded by locality or normative practices. This could offer opportunities for discourse leading to greater engagement by professionals in their own learning.

The paper responds to calls that personal‐social processes in the workplace need further attention. The consideration of network perspectives, attending to informal aspects of social engagement, offers new understandings.

Much of the laboratory capacity maintained by a firm to support the peaks in its development cycles can, between peaks, be made available to other companies. Similarly, inventions developed for application in a firm's products often have additional applications in fields unrelated to the firm's business. These available capacities and additional applications are byproducts of the development process.

This paper aims to provide feasible business model options that benefit all stakeholders; the government, the investor and especially the inhabitants in Maluku and Papua, the less-favored business regions in Indonesia.

Three feasible business model options result from ICT for development literature, current role of the government, other models and investment scheme review, statistical analysis, technology analysis and investment simulations.

This paper proposes three different feasible business model options. The infrastructure subsidy model, which combines 20 per cent private investment and 80 per cent government subsidy, is the most feasible business model based on investment simulations. This model which combines 20 per cent private investment and 80 per cent government subsidy provides stronger determination of Indonesian Government for serving rural and remote people. The revenue subsidy and the mixed project subsidy are alternative models that may provide more attractive schemes from the standpoint of investors.

However, current paper has limitation which is subject to enhance for better analysis in future research such as implementation of the in-depth assessment of risk management system to deal with all exposed risks.

This paper provides that setting up a complete telecommunication access infrastructures in eastern Indonesia is feasible under new proposed models.

The new proposed models provide stronger determination of Indonesian Government for serving rural and remote people and minimizing the digital divide in eastern area.

Under the new proposed models, the role and capacity of the government is adjusted. The government should dominate and be less dependent on private investment. Also, the government should shift from triggering service penetration into developing a complete infrastructure set up.