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The purpose of this paper is to perform an analysis of how pets in general and dogs in particular condition the planning and realisation of people’s trips. Similarly, the motivations that lead families to travel with their pets in Spain are analysed.

The methodology used in this research consisted of carrying out fieldwork based on surveys of 1,696 dog owners in Spain. The data analysis was carried out using a Partial Least Squares methodology (PLS-SEM) to test the relationship of the families with their pets, the motivations they have for travelling with their pets and the assessment of the destination by both the family and the pet itself.

The main results of this research focus on analysing how and when a family plans a trip with their pet, except for their second home, there are several motivations for both families themselves and their pets, which condition this trip and that must be considered by tourist destinations. Similarly, it is also concluded that the motivations are closely related to the attachment that the family has to the pet.

The originality of this research focuses on including the relationship of the family with their dog and the adequacy of the destination to the needs of their pet as motivation to make a certain trip or choose a certain destination.

The purpose of this paper is to address unsteady heat conduction in two subsets of ordinary bodies. One subset consists of a large plane wall, a long cylinder and a sphere in one dimension. The other subset consists of a short cylinder and a large rectangular bar in two dimensions. The prevalent assumptions in the two subsets are: constant initial temperature, uniform surface heat flux and thermo-physical properties invariant with temperature. The engineering applications of the unsteady heat conduction deal with the determination of temperature–time histories in the two subsets using electric resistance heating, radiative heating and fire pool heating.

To this end, a novel numerical procedure named the enhanced method of discretization in time (EMDT) transforms the linear one-dimensional unsteady, heat conduction equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions into equivalent nonlinear “quasi–steady” heat conduction equations having the time variable embedded as a time parameter. The equivalent nonlinear “quasi–steady” heat conduction equations are solved with a finite difference method.

Based on the numerical computations, it is demonstrated that the approximate temperature–time histories in the simple subset of ordinary bodies (large plane wall, long cylinder and sphere) exhibit a perfect matching over the entire time domain 0 < t < ∞ when compared against the rigorous exact temperature–time histories expressed by classical infinite series. Furthermore, using the method of superposition of solutions in the convoluted subset (short cylinder and large rectangular crossbar), the same level of agreement in the approximate temperature–time histories in the simple subset of ordinary bodies is evident.

The performance of the proposed EMDT coupled with a finite difference method is exhaustively assessed in the solution of the unsteady, one-dimensional heat conduction equations with prescribed surface heat flux for: a subset of one-dimensional bodies (plane wall, long cylinder and spheres) and a subset of two-dimensional bodies (short cylinder and large rectangular bar).

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer attributes of annular fins with quarter circle profile in terms of the Biot number Bi and the radius ratio r_r. The latter corresponds to the internal radius of the tube divided by the length of the fin in question.

To this end, the governing two-dimensional (2-D) heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates is numerically solved via finite element analysis for different Bi (i.e., 0.1, 1 and 5) and r_r (i.e., 0.5, 1 and 2).

The obtained results for the mid-plane and surface temperatures show that these profiles, which exhibit nearly r_r-independent responses, only present one-dimensional (1-D) radially linear distributions for the case Bi = 1. For Bi = 0.1, the temperature profiles also possess a 1-D character but with a clearly defined concave pattern. Finally, for Bi = 5, a 2-D temperature field in a wide zone from the fin base is achieved with a convex pattern for the mid-plane and surface temperatures.

Exhaustive assessment of the heat transfer in annular fins with quarter circle profile in terms of different Biot numbers and radius ratios

This study aims to investigate the internal elements that help in the introduction of a service logic into a goods-oriented organization by focusing on corporate culture and human resource management (HRM) practices.

The study uses a qualitative single case study research design. Data have been collected through archival data and 14 semi-structured interviews to managers, employees and retailers of a bike manufacturer.

The research identifies the following three new internal elements affecting the service orientation of corporate culture of a company with a customization strategy: shared vision built up with the participation of the whole organization; rooting the service orientation into the past history; passion and collaborative study deployed through digital tools. Additionally, related to HRM, the research finds another two elements: emotional salary and that a collective way of understanding and sharing the service infusion is needed.

Given that this is a qualitative research based on a single case study the identified key elements of corporate culture and HRM practices cannot be used as a predictive tool. However, the depth of evidence is significant and allows analytical generalizations, which enable us to put forward tentative propositions for future research.

For managers of industrial firms, the identified elements provide an insight on how to smooth the transition from goods-to service-oriented organization. The shift demands the development of an adequate corporate culture and distinctive management of human resources.

Building on previous literature, the research offers the academic community five new soft elements to be studied in the service infusion process and can guide top managers on how to engage the entire organisation in a service-oriented manner.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the capacity of the predominant activity of the Hotel and Restaurant (H&R) sector to create female employment in European Union (EU) countries.

The methodology used was conducted in two stages. First, a branch employment multiplier was calculated using the Leontief input-output tables (IOTs), which show the direct and indirect capacity of the activity to generate female employment. Second, a regression model was estimated to explain the determinants of the female employment multiplier in the H&R sector. It should be noted that the reliability and simplicity of the proposed model allows countries without IOTs, but with gender-disaggregated labor statistics, to easily estimate their own female employment multiplier.

The results show that the job-creation capacity of the H&R sector significantly varies across the EU countries, especially in relation to the female employment multiplier. Although international differences in gender wage gaps help to explain such multipliers, institutional factors and feminization rate also play a key role.

The results may contribute to improving the actions of member states to stimulate the sustainable development of the tourism sector.

Based on previous literature, the finding that higher tourism expenditure may result in increases in tourism employment gives rise to another set of interesting questions. The most fundamental of these may concern the nature of the economic underpinnings of the growth of female employment. This paper contributes to this issue by conducting a specific analysis across EU countries using a homogenous and comparable methodology.

Digital service innovation (DSI) is a type of technological innovation that is recognized in practice in the innovation structure of companies. Given the breadth of digital technologies that enable digital services and the variety of these services, analysis is needed to discern the nature of these services, as well as the process that culminates in co-innovation. The literature on DSI is fragmented and spread across multiple research areas. This fragmentation impedes conceptualization of the elements that constitute DSI. This paper describes the nature of DSI through the process and elements of initiation, adoption and routinization of DSI in the context of digital service platforms (DSPs).

This paper presents a single exploratory case study of a provider of a leading digital solution in customer relations. The data analysis is based on abductive reasoning.

The paper conceptualizes the nature of DSI and describes the process and elements of DSI (phases, actors, functions and interactions). It contributes to building a common language for DSI research in service management. The analysis shows that DSI in DSPs is synonymous with co-innovation. This paper offers insight into how co-innovation occurs, using hybrid agile methodologies with the coordination of multiple actors and multilateral interactions.

The originality and value of the study reside in its conceptualization and analysis of what is meant by DSI. The components of the service and the technological requirements for not only provision but also ideation and development appear to be inseparable. The study unveils the mechanisms that turn a digital service solution into a co-innovative proposal. This knowledge can facilitate scalability in digital services.

The purpose of this study is to address one-dimensional, unsteady heat conduction in a large plane wall exchanging heat convection with a nearby fluid under “small time” conditions.

The Transversal Method of Lines (TMOL) was used to reformulate the unsteady, one-dimensional heat conduction equation in the space coordinate and time into a transformed “quasi-steady”, one-dimensional heat conduction equation in the space coordinate housing the time as an embedded parameter. The resulting ordinary differential equation of second order with heat convection boundary conditions is solved analytically with the method of undetermined coefficients.

Semi-analytical TMOL dimensionless temperature profiles of compact form with/without regressed terms are obtained for the whole spectrum of Biot number (0 < Bi < ∞) in the “small time” sub-domain. In addition, a new “large time” sub-domain is redefined, that is, setting a smaller critical dimensionless time or critical Fourier number τ_cr = 0.18.

The computed dimensionless center, surface and mean temperature profiles in the large plane wall accounting for all Biot number (0 < Bi < ∞) in the “small time” sub-domain τ < τ_cr = 0.18 exhibit excellent quality while carrying reasonable relative errors for engineering applications. The exemplary level of accuracy indicates that the traditional evaluation of the center, surface and mean temperatures with the standard infinite series retaining a large number of terms is no longer necessary.

This work aims to identify the linear elastic orthotropic material paramters of Pinus pinaster Ait. wood, using full-field measurements and an inverse identification strategy based on the finite element (FE) method updating technique.

Compression tests are carried out under uniaxial and quasi-static loading conditions on wood specimens oriented on the radial-tangential (RT) plane, with different grain orientations. Full-field displacements and strains are measured using digital image correlation (DIC), which are then used as a reference in the identification procedure. A FE model is implemented assuming plane stress conditions, where wood is modelled as an orthotropic homogeneous material. Based on the numerical results, a synthetic image reconstruction scheme is implemented to synthetically deform the reference experimental image, which is then processed by DIC and further compared to the experimental results.

The results for both approaches were similar when both specimen configurations were used in a single run. However, when using the DIC-based FEMU approach with the on-axis configuration, the identified modulus of elasticity in the tangential direction and shear modulus are closer to the reference values.

This approach ensures a fair comparison between both sets of data since the full-field strain maps are obtained through the same filter and therefore have the same strain formulation, spatial resolution and data filtering. Firstly, the identification is performed using a single configuration, either the on-axis or the off-axis specimen. Secondly, the identification is carried out by merging data from both on-axis and off-axis configurations.

This paper presents a simple computational procedure for the laminar, fully established velocity and temperature in straight ducts with irregular, singly connected cross‐sections by virtue of a control volume discretization of the momentum and energy equations in boundary‐fitted co‐ordinate systems. The combined procedure has been applied to a large group of ducts whose cross‐sections possess different levels of difficulty. The numerical predictions for the pressure drop (friction factor) and the convective heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number) have been reported for a sub‐class of ducts with curved sides and sharp corners utilizing various grid sizes.

A new method to solve zero‐sum two‐person games with imprecise values in their matrices of pay‐offs is suggested. The natural lack of precision generated by the use of fuzzy numbers in a fuzzy game requires the use of subjective criteria by the players in the resolution model. We apply a ranking function, the Average Value, which allows the decision makers to take into account their subjectivity. The use of this function raises again the solution of the fuzzy game when two criteria, one for each player, are used.