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This infecological study mainly aimed to know the thematic and conceptual relationship in published papers in deep learning (DL) and smart manufacturing (SM).

The research methodology has specific research objectives based on the type and method of research, data analysis tools. In general, description methods are applied by Web of Science (WoS) analysis tools and Voyant tools as a web-based reading and analysis environment for digital texts. The Yewno tool is applied to draw a knowledge map to show the concept's interaction between DL and SM.

The knowledge map of DL and SM concepts shows that there are currently few concepts interacting with each other, while the rapid growth of technology and the needs of today's society have revealed the need to use more and more DL in SM. The results of this study can provide a coherent and well-mapped road map to the main policymakers of the field of research in DL and SM, through the study of coexistence and interactions of the thematic categories with other thematic areas. In this way, they can design more effective guidelines and strategies to solve the problems of researchers in conducting their studies and direct. The analysis results demonstrated that the information ecosystem of DL and SM studies dynamically developed over time. The continuous conduction flow of scientific studies in this field brought continuous changes into the infoecology of subjects and concepts in this area.

The paper investigated the thematic interaction of the scientific productions in DL and SM and discussed possible implications. We used of the variety tools and techniques to draw our own perspective. Also, we drew arguments from other research work to back up our findings.

This paper aims to provide a maturity model for information security awareness (MMISA), based on the literature, expert interviews and feedback. In addition to developing the MMISA, the authors investigate the role of the three decisive factors that affect ISA maturity level: risk management mechanism, organizational structure and ISA.

The research methodology is a combined one; qualitative and quantitative methods were applied, including surveying the literature, interviews and developing a survey to collect quantitative data about decisive factors that affect ISA maturity level. The authors perform a variance-based partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) investigation of the relationships between these factors.

The investigation of decisive factors of ISA maturity levels revealed that if the authors identify a strong risk assessment mechanism (through a documented methodology and reliable results), the authors can expect a high level of ISA. If there is a well-defined organizational structure with clear responsibilities, this supports the linking of a risk management mechanism with the level of ISA. The connection between organizational structure and ISA maturity level is supported by ISA activities: an increased level of awareness actions strengthens an organizational structure via the best practices learned by the staff.

The main contribution of the proposed MMISA model is that the model offers controls and audit evidence for maturity levels. Beyond that, the authors distinguish in the MMISA model controls supporting knowledge and controls supporting attitude, emphasizing that this is not enough to know what to do, but the proper attitude is required too. The authors didn't find any other ISA maturity model which has a similar feature. The contribution of the authors' work is that the authors provide a method for solving this complex measurement problem via the MMISA, which also offers direct guidance for the daily practices of organizations.

The present study is aimed to determine the infoecology of scientific articles in the field of smart manufacturing (SM). The researchers designed a general framework for the investigation of infoecology.

The qualitative and quantitative data collection methods are applied to collect data from the Scopus and experts. The bibliometric technique, clustering and graph mining are applied to analysis data by Scopus data analysis tools, VOSviewer and Excel software.

It is concluded that researchers paid attention to “Flow Control”, “Embedded Systems”, “IoT”, “Big Data” and “Cyber-Physical System” more than other infocenose. Finally, a thematic model presented based on the infoecology of SM in Scopus for future studies. Also, as future work, designing a “research-related” metamodel for SM would be beneficial for the researchers, to highlight the main future research directions.

The results of the present study can be applied to the following issues: (1) To make decisions based on research and scientific evidence and conduct scientific research on real needs and issues in the field of SM, (2) Holding the workshops on infoecology to determine research priorities with the presence of experts in related industries, (3) Determining the most important areas of research in order to improve the index of applied research, (4) Assist in prioritizing research in the field of SM to select a set of research and technological activities and allocate resources effectively to these activities, (5) Helping to increase the relationship between research and technological activities with the economic and long-term goals of industry and society, (6) Helping to prioritize the issues of SM in research and technology in order to target the allocation of financial and human capital and solving the main challenges and take advantage of opportunities, (7) Helping to avoid fragmentation of work and providing educational infrastructure based on prioritized research needs and (8) Helping to hold start-ups and the activities of knowledge-based companies based on research priorities in the field of SM.

The analysis results demonstrated that the information ecosystem of SM studies dynamically developed over time. The continuous conduction flow of scientific studies in this field brought continuous changes into the infoecology of this field.

This research aims to discuss the success of digital transformation focusing on the role of IT and management commitment in digitalization together with sectorial relevance as influencing factors. According to the literature, these dimensions are key elements of digitalization, and there is no consensus on their decisiveness. The authors measure the success of digital transformation with the digital innovation. The research is part of ongoing work, in which the IT-related practice of Hungarian organizations has been explored on an annual basis since 2009.

The research methodology is a combined one; both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied including surveying digital transformation literature, interviews with key representatives of Hungarian organizations, developing a survey to collect quantitative data, data collection and processing with PLS-SEM.

The results revealed that the digital innovations are strongly determined by business, management commitment and, to a far lesser extent, by strategy. In the case of digital transformation, the role of IT departments and the services they provide are less relevant.

The most important limitation of the research is the size and composition of the sample. Results do not present the situation of a specific industrial sector.

Digital technologies influence and disrupt practically every industry; the development of information and communication technology has changed economies all over the world. Decisive factors of digital transformations are widely researched, but there is no consensus about them. This research contributes to understanding the role of IT department and their services in this process together with leadership, sectorial relevance as influencing factors.

This study aims to investigate how measuring the lean practices–performance relationship could add value to businesses.

Case-study methodology was used for the quantitative analysis of self-assessed lean capability scores and key manufacturing performance indicators from a global consumer goods company. Up to 80 sites over 3 years were analysed. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to analyse the lean implementation–performance relationship.

Results show that different performance areas may be affected differently and suggest that the measured relationship may depend on the reliability of the self-assessment.

The research is based on the manufacturing sites of a single company, implementing the same lean methodology, producing similar products and using similar process technologies. This helps to control confounding variables but may limit the generalisability of the findings.

Practitioners can use the measurement method to improve lean-based performance-improvement projects. The study suggests that the PLS-SEM technique could improve the calibration of lean-practice self-assessment and could identify further areas for improvement.

Very few papers developed measurement methods for the effectiveness of lean-practice implementation using objective manufacturing performance data within a single multinational company.

This paper reviews literature on the application of intelligent systems in the libraries with a special issue on the ES/AI and Robot. Also, it introduces the potential of libraries to use intelligent systems, especially ES/AI and robots.

Descriptive and content review methods are applied, and the researchers critically reviewed the articles related to library ESs and robots from Web of Science as a general database and Emerald as a specific database in library and information science from 2007–2017. Four scopes considered to classify the articles as technology, service, user and resource. It is found that published researches on the intelligent systems have contributed to many librarian purposes like library technical services like the organization of information resources, storage and retrieval of information resources, library public services as reference services, information desk and other purposes.

A review of the previous studies shows that ESs are a useable intelligent system in library and information science that mimic librarian expert’s behaviors to support decision making and management. Also, it is shown that the current information systems have a high potential to be improved by integration with AI technologies. In this researches, librarian robots mostly designed for detection and replacing books on the shelf. Improving the technology of gripping, localizing and human-robot interaction are the main concern in recent librarian robot research. Our conclusion is that we need to develop research in the area of smart resources.

This study has a new approach to the literature review in this area. We compared the published papers in the field of ES/AI and robot and library from two databases, general and specific.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate issues relevant to service quality and propose a conceptual model addressing the convictions held by consumers in relation to the service quality of sport services as regards spectators and their influence on sport consumption.

A quantitative method was used for the purpose of this study and 1,643 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed. The current research intended to employ an integrated service quality model within the scope of sport spectating. The model included five fundamental factors and they were examined in association with the behavioral intentions that spectators have. By combining all these factors and aspects, it was attempted to shape consumers’ general perception regarding quality in service. The model of the research considers quality in service to be a hierarchical construct comprising many dimensions and it is observed that service quality can be classified into five factors, all of which can be defined by a variety of corresponding sub-factors.

The outcomes showed that four of the suggested factors regarding quality (i.e. game quality, augmented service quality, interaction quality and outcome quality) had an important as well as favorable influence on sport consumption.

The empirical evidence for this research is derived from one specific professional sport event (European Basketball League) and spectators who took part were from Greece. Future research could use a wider sample of sport events and the participation of spectators from various countries is necessary before such findings are generalized.

The present research provides a contemporary analysis of factors influencing sport spectators anticipated quality and their influence on sport consumption.

This paper aims to undertake an ideal-typical analysis of the implications of overtourism on employment at the level of the destination.

The paper offers a theoretical analysis that uses as a starting point a traditional labour market model to explore the employment implications of a labour demand shock as a result of overtourism at a destination level. Although a theoretical exploration, examples are provided offering empirical support for the theoretical propositions.

Overtourism may lower nominal and real wages, further deepen divisions in an already divided labour market (particularly between local and migrant workers), increase productivity without its benefits accruing to the worker and result in deterioration of working conditions. The study also sets tourism employment within a broader politico-economic framework of neoliberalism.

This study offers scope for further empirical testing of hypothesized relationships. It also provides a platform to adopt and adapt the theoretical propositions to suit different contexts.

This study uses overtourism as an ideal-type, combined with an analysis of the labour market to theorise the impacts of a labour demand shock.

过度旅游以及旅游工作者的就业结果: 对劳动力市场的影响

就过度旅游对当地就业的影响进行理想类型分析。

以传统劳动力市场模型为出发点, 对因过度旅游引起的劳动力需求冲击进而给当地就业带来的影响进行理论探索与分析。虽为理论探索, 本文也提供实证案例以支持有关理论观点。

过度旅游可能会降低名义和实际工资, 造成本已分割的劳动力市场的进一步分割（特别是在当地和外地劳动者之间）, 提高生产力但并不惠及其劳动者, 并导致工作环境恶化。本研究将旅游就业置于广义新自由主义政治经济框架下进行讨论。

将过度旅游作为一种理想类型, 并与劳动力市场分析相结合, 以理论化劳动力需求冲击所带来的影响。

为进一步实证测试假设关系提供机会。为不同背景下采纳和适应有关理论观点提供平台。

El exceso de turismo y las repercusiones en el empleo turístico: Impactos en los mercados laborales

Realizar un análisis típico-ideal sobre cómo la masificación turística de los destinos influye sobre el empleo.

Un análisis teórico que utiliza como punto de partida el modelo de mercado laboral tradicional para explorar las implicaciones que la masificación de los destinos turísticos tiene sobre la demanda de trabajo. La investigación proporciona ejemplos que respaldan empíricamente las proposiciones teóricas.

Los excesos turísticos tienden a reducir los salarios nominales y reales, a profundizar aún más las divisiones de un mercado laboral ya dividido (en particular entre los trabajadores locales y los migrantes), a aumentar la productividad sin que sus beneficios repercutan en el trabajador y a provocar un deterioro de las condiciones de trabajo. El estudio también sitúa el empleo en el sector del turismo dentro del marco político-económico, más amplio, del neoliberalismo.

Utiliza la masificación turística, como “ideal-típico”, junto con un análisis del mercado laboral turístico para teorizar sobre los impactos en la demanda laboral.

Ofrece la posibilidad de realizar más investigaciones empíricas a partir de las relaciones hipotéticas postuladas. Proporciona una plataforma para adoptar y adaptar las proposiciones teóricas para que se adecúen a diferentes contextos.

The current debate between two theoretical approaches in library and information science and knowledge organization (KO), the cognitive one and the sociological one, is addressed in view of their possible integration in a more general model. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Personal knowledge of individual users, as focused in the cognitive approach, and social production and use of knowledge, as focused in the sociological approach, are reconnected to the theory of levels of reality, particularly in the versions of Nicolai Hartmann and Karl R. Popper (three worlds). The notions of artefact and mentefact, as proposed in anthropological literature and applied in some KO systems, are also examined as further contributions to the generalized framework. Some criticisms to these models are reviewed and discussed.

Both the cognitive approach and the sociological approach, if taken in isolation, prove to be cases of philosophical monism as they emphasize a single level over the others. On the other hand, each of them can be considered as a component of a pluralist ontology and epistemology, where individual minds and social communities are but two successive levels in knowledge production and use, and are followed by a further level of “objectivated spirit”; this can in turn be analyzed into artefacts and mentefacts. While all these levels are relevant to information science, mentefacts and their properties are its most peculiar objects of study, which make it distinct from such other disciplines as psychology and sociology.

This analysis shows how existing approaches can benefit from additional notions contributed by levels theory, to develop more complete and accurate models of information and knowledge phenomena.

This paper aims to explore the effect of interlocking directorates on agency conflicts and corporate performance in the shipping industry.

The authors use social network analysis to discover central nodes in the network of personal and corporate connections in an international sample of 110 listed shipping companies.

Assessing network structure, the authors find that the network of corporate leaders is denser than the network of shipping companies. The network of shipping companies is populated with many isolated nodes; the network of shipping executives and directors is populated with many cohesive groups in which the longest distance between two corporate leaders is two companies. The authors find that interlocking corporate leadership can help resolve agency conflicts in the shipping industry, bearing a negative effect on the magnitude of agency costs. The extent of leadership overlaps is associated with board size, financial leverage and profitability. The relationship between profits and interlocks is bidirectional, implying that interlocking directorates bear a positive effect on asset returns.

The authors map the relational structures in the social networks of companies and company leaders in the shipping industry and discover the cross-sectional determinants of interlocks in the shipping industry. The finding about the effect of interlocks on profitability and agency costs bears policy implications for the design of corporate governance in the shipping industry.