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Tourism has been an important activity in the past. Today tourism is a high revenue generation industry in many countries. But recently, many destinations are suffering from overtourism. Overtourism is a real-life phenomenon experienced by destinations. Overtourism is defined as many tourists visiting a particular place simultaneously which has resulted in the falling or unacceptable quality of life. It is just the opposite of wellness tourism, a better place to live and a better place to visit. The term overtourism was first used on Twitter as #overtourism back in August 2012. In 2017 UNWTO ministers addressed overtourism at the World Travel Market. In the last few years, there have been anti-tourism movements in popular destinations such as Barcelona, Santorini and Copenhagen. These movements' main aim is the attention of press attraction and have led to different proposed actions by tourism decision-makers in making a policy to control overtourism. In recent years overtourism has become an important and discussed issue in media and academia. In this context, the term is still not widely defined and open to numerous discussions. This chapter aims to clarify the root causes of overtourism, the emergence of overtourism and how social media is responsible for and impacts overtourism. The methodology of this chapter is a general review literature of overtourism issues. The chapter states that the government poorly managed without a bigger political force and genuine knowledge of the government's difficulty and action are taking first in the tourism industry. This chapter identifies the social movement of overtourism raised by residents.

Overtourism is an emerging concept and a perennial process every destination is going through. It is a cyclic phenomenon derived from the destination, retained in the destination and at last demised by the destination. It's a kind of ‘tourism illness’ spreading rapidly in every destination in the present scenario. The status of overtourism in every destination has been caused by the tourist, of the tourist and for the tourist. In the context of religious places in Odisha, overtourism is a ‘disorder’ that cannot be mitigated, as religiosity, faith and spiritualism have propelled and governed people's sentiment and emotion. Hence ambiguity arises out of making an intrigue situation between a myth or a spiritual sojourn bounded by faith and belief. This chapter significantly contributes by unfolding the existing literature by providing the origin and evolution of overtourism, various stated definitions by the different authors, causes and consequences, and overtourism in religious destinations by adopting an exploratory study, particularly in case of the Golden triangle of Odisha.

In the post-industrial society, demand escalation for travels and tours led to the mobility of travellers and tourists en masse from cross sections of the society and caused tourism's dramatic growth making enormous makeovers in the national income of many states. Tourism, then, could be perceived by travel mobility paradigm. Increasing tourist mobility contributed to the growth of overtourism phenomenon at different destinations. Overtourism sets to be in opposition to responsible and sustainable tourism. Contradictory approaches towards carrying capacity, commodification and commoditisation set overtourism to be positioned so. The way of establishing control on cultural, natural and spatial capitals overlooking hosts' traditional interests, priorities and intentions like destination's economic development and sustenance also made overtourism placed in contrary to the responsible tourism. Contradictions do exist between overtourism and its counter-reactions and within the reactions. Consumerism and control over host capital in the counter-practices continue differently but in contradicting manners with the same magnitude of profit progression. Instead of mass consumerism, elite consumerism appears turning the mobility of organised mass tour packages to the tailor-made alternative tour packages. The contradictions within paradigms of overtourism's nature, aspects, causes and consequences were thus likely. Contradictions also prevail between uncontrolled or limitless and controlled or within limit mobility and activity; goals and means; growth and effect; control of entrepreneurs on tourism capital and local community involvement, etc. It defines parallel subsistence or continuation of contradictory forces. The dialectical nature of history led to make a synthesis of the existing and newly emerging mobility phenomenon. This chapter will locate how control and decontrol or delimiting and limiting of overtourism co-exist in contradiction and reconcile the contradiction to synthesis.

Travels and vacations organised by a large number of people to certain destinations in certain periods cause some negative impacts on the destinations in question. The concept of overtourism, which has become a current issue especially with the anti-tourism demonstrations in certain destinations such as Venice, Barcelona and Dubrovnik as a result of the increasing tourism carrying capacity, has been drawing attention in recent years regarding the sustainability in the destinations. Popular destinations that are affected by overtourism try to develop some strategies in order to minimise the negative impacts of overtourism. One of these strategies is the demarketing strategy that is developed by the destination stakeholders towards the target group. In this chapter of the book, the significance of the concept of demarketing in terms of struggle against overtourism was revealed and how demarketing strategies applied to the marketing mix and different strategies were approached in tourism studies was discussed in detail by addressing the current literature. In addition, suggestions were proposed to the popular destinations that feel the negative impacts of overtourism and will be affected by overtourism also in the future concerning creating their own demarketing strategies and destination planning.

This study examines the significance of Oman’s sustainable strategies to mitigate overtourism. The study adopts a quantitative study design with a survey method to investigate the strategies’ effectiveness. Two hundred twenty participants were recruited through random sampling, most of whom were male. The data was collected from October to November 2020, and the data collection process lasted for four months, from December to March 2021. This study also reviews the role of economic challenges in causing overtourism in Oman. Further, it analyses the sustainable strategies adopted by the Omani government to overcome the overcrowding of tourist places in Muscat and Salalah and prevent the deterioration in the quality of tourism-related services and products. The significance and impact of the sustainable strategies were investigated through factor analysis. We developed the following hypotheses: (i) the economic challenges have resulted in overcrowded tourism in Oman; (ii) the sustainable strategies or framework(s) are sufficient to overcome overtourism in Oman; and (iii) there is a significant impact of sustainable strategies or framework(s) to overcome overtourism in Oman. The study concluded that economic challenges directly impacted the quality of the services and the entire hospitality and tourism sector in Oman, concerning overtourism. However, the government of Oman has adopted sustainable strategies and frameworks to address this overtourism challenge. Most respondents asserted that the steps taken to mitigate overtourism were significant in eliminating the challenge of overtourism in Oman.

Overtourism is a problem of social and psychological perspective which is aggravated by the mismanagement of the destination. It can also be understood as an umbrella term which incorporates the unfavourable conditions created by means of several tourism activities. The present scenario of overcrowding by tourists, displacement of local population and loss of authenticity can be assumed that overtourism is a consequence of increasing volume of tourism industry in the twenty-first century. There are strong uncorroborated beliefs around overtourism formed by media and literature which are not concrete and need to be busted. Several impressions have been generated around the phenomenon of overtourism and overcrowding which has hampered the administration of a destination. This chapter identifies 11 myths of overtourism with the help of literature review and supporting examples have been given with each myth. The authors attempt to decipher the underlying stereotypes of overtourism in context of it being a recent phenomenon, its existence in the popular part of the cities and the realities of the solutions and perceptions of the concept.

The purpose of this study is to find out the negative environmental, cultural and socio-economic effects of overtourism at prominent tourist destination in India focussing upon Shimla. As well, the study will also try to identify the changes in the residents’ perceptions at these tourism sites experiencing overtourism. It will be based on the review of previous literature to find out the significant negative effects of tourism-related activities on the residents' attitudes and perceptions related to tourists. It will also discuss the negative impacts of overtourism on the overall destination image using the case study approach. It is confirmed through the study findings that overtourism has caused severe environmental, economic and socio-cultural impressions at the tourist destinations under study. It is also revealed that overtourism at these destinations has caused the increased water consumption, collection of huge litter masses, improper waste disposal and air pollution due to vehicular and other sources owing to upsurge in tourist activities. In the tourist destinations under study, overtourism has caused difficulties for the locals as the prices have risen and short-term rentals have caused housing shortages. These findings will be useful for the stakeholders in the tourism sector in India to devise strategies to prevent the over-exploitation of resources and take sufficient measures to reverse the negative impacts and simultaneously promote these destinations for sustainable tourism growth.

While the number of tourists worldwide is expected to reach 1.8 billion people by 2030, tourism destinations try to meet demand for increasing tourism. However, some tourism destinations are experiencing a maturity period of destination life cycle intensively. During these mature periods, while they meet the demand above their tourism carrying capacity, they encounter some problematic issues. In tourist destinations such as Venice, Barcelona and Paris, the negative feelings developed by the local people towards overtourism or tourists result in serious problems like negative destination images, tourism phobia, etc. In these destinations, to prevent the negative consequences of overtourism, destination stakeholders should develop solutions to these problems. There are many solution techniques for the problems which cause overtourism. One of them is the different tourism types which have been developed as an alternative to mass tourism. These alternative tourism types can be handled as a method for solving problems revealed through excess demand in tourism destinations at risk. For example, some tourism destinations which have both beach tourism and nature-based tourism types can bring nature-based tourism activities to the forefront with promotion and marketing activities and therefore, the tourism demand could be balanced between these tourism types. In this context, firstly, comprehensive literature review of overtourism and alternative tourism will be conducted in this study. And then the different types of tourism such as ecotourism, cultural tourism and responsible tourism will be discussed in detail and their relation in reducing the negative consequences of overtourism will be investigated theoretically via secondary data. Therefore, alternative tourism potentials will be investigated and tried to present the managerial suggestions for the development of different alternative types of tourism. As a result, it has been seen that, alternative tourism not only contributes to the growth of tourism in both popular and remote destinations but also makes sure that destinations get their fair share in income distribution of the country.

This paper aims to unpack personal narratives of local residents in relation to the effects of overtourism in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The paper uses Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus to understand how local residents cope with temporal overtourism.

Findings were gathered from observations and interviews. Interviews were conducted with 12 informants, consisting of local small-to-medium enterprise tourism entrepreneurs, local informal tourism workers and a group of locals uninvolved in tourism.

The paper has two key findings. First, locals uninvolved in tourism show empathetic behavior toward the locals involved in tourism despite their experiencing negative effects of tourism. The involved locals, for their part, were aware of the importance of resolving issues with the uninvolved locals through regular communication so as to secure the sustained future of tourism. Second, the use of social capital by involved and uninvolved locals reflects the local Javanese culture and value system in which social harmony and integration are paramount.

Local habitus forms and informs locals’ perceptions on temporal overtourism issues. It enables an understanding on how locals manage the effects of overtourism in Yogyakarta. The habitus, which is greatly influenced by Javanese values, creates attitudes and behaviors which are empathetic and tolerant.

To avoid the potential conflict when overtourism explicitly or implicitly frustrates locals, policy should be formulated by taking into account the findings of this paper on the local habitus. The study contributes to the overtourism debate by looking at the inter-relationship of local social structures and cultural context with local responses to temporal overtourism.

Using the concept of habitus, this research deepens existing understanding on the local responses toward overtourism. This research expects to theoretically enrich and complexify debates on tourism–habitus nexus in tourism studies.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and review attempts at mitigation and prevention of overtourism and to outline reasons for the failure to date of such efforts.

This paper is a perspective paper and draws on an examination of relevant literature on the subject through the lens of a conceptual framework. It outlines the changing roles of tourism development and marketing organisations and the failure of public sector agencies to control and manage tourism. The varying methods of limiting tourist numbers are examined, and their weaknesses are presented.

Conclusions reveal that there are a series of global trends that are contributing to the appearance and continuation of overtourism and which, to date, are proving immune to mitigation and resolution for specific reasons. These include a lack of willingness to accept the problem of tourist numbers and to reduce or effectively manage these at all levels, from local to international.

Present approaches to mitigation need to be revisited and better integrated with management and control of all aspects of development and framed to achieve and retain political support at all levels.

There has been little attempt before to analyse the reasons for the failure to effectively mitigate or prevent overtourism, and this paper makes an original contribution in this area in that it is an evaluation of what is known and a summary of shortcomings within the industry and academia.

本论文是一篇观点性论文, 通过概念框架的视角对相关文献进行审视。它概述了旅游开发和营销组织角色的变化以及公共部门机构控制和管理旅游业的失败。研究了限制游客数量的各种方法, 并指出了它们的缺点。

本文的目的是识别和回顾缓解和预防过度旅游的措施, 并概述迄今为止这些措施失败的原因。

结论表明, 有一系列全球趋势促成了过度旅游的出现和延续, 迄今为止, 由于特定原因, 应对过度旅游的措施对这些趋势无效。这包括不愿意接受和游客人数相关的问题, 不愿意在从地方到国际各级进行减少或有效管理游客人数。

本文讨论了许多旅游目的地未能解决过度旅游问题的原因。目前的缓解办法需要重新审视, 并更好地与所有区域发展方面相关的管理和控制措施相结合, 并加以规章立制, 以便在各级获得和保持政界支持。

它概述了未来研究的潜在方向, 因此对目的地管理机构具有实际意义。特别是, 目前的缓解办法需要重新审视, 并更好地与所有区域发展方面相关的管理和控制措施相结合, 并加以规章立制, 以便在各级获得和保持政界支持。

在许多人的心目中, 过度旅游是一个非常严重的社会问题, 本文解释了为什么这个问题很难解决。对过去失败的评估可使旅游目的地居民能够提出不同和更有效的措施, 特别是这些措施该如何实施。

创新点/价值（限100字）

之前很少有人试图分析未能有效缓解或防止过度旅游的原因。本文在这一领域作出了独创性贡献, 对文献中研究和讨论的内容进行了评估, 总结了业界和学界的不足之处, 总结了公共部门政策的失败。

Este trabajo es un artículo de perspectiva y se centra en un análisis de la literatura relevante sobre el tema objeto de estudio a través de un marco conceptual. Se destacan los roles cambiantes del desarrollo del turismo y de las organizaciones de marketing, así como los errores de las organizaciones del sector público para controlar y gestionar el turismo. Se presentan los diversos métodos para limitar el número de turistas y se analizan sus debilidades.

La finalidad de este trabajo es identificar y revisar los intentos de mitigación y prevención de la saturación turística y esbozar las razones del fracaso hasta la fecha de dichos esfuerzos.

Las conclusiones revelan que existen una serie de tendencias globales que están contribuyendo a la aparición y continuidad de la saturación turística y que, hasta la fecha, están demostrando ser inmunes a la mitigación y resolución por razones específicas. Éstas incluyen la falta de voluntad para aceptar el problema del número de turistas y reducirlos o gestionarlos de manera eficaz en todos los niveles, desde el ámbito local hasta el internacional.

El trabajo analiza lo que se considera como las razones del fracaso para resolver la saturación turística en muchos destinos turísticos. Los enfoques actuales para la mitigación necesitan ser revisados e integrarse mejor con la gestión y el control de todos los aspectos del desarrollo, y deben enmarcarse para lograr y mantener el apoyo político en todos los niveles.

Se identifican las áreas potenciales para un mayor estudio, así como nuevas aplicaciones y, por tanto, presenta implicaciones prácticas para las organizaciones que gestionan los destinos. En particular, los enfoques actuales de mitigación deben revisarse e integrarse mejor con la gestión y el control de todos los aspectos del desarrollo, y deben enmarcarse para lograr y retener el apoyo político en todos los niveles y ser efectivos.

La saturación turística es un problema social en la mente de muchas personas y el documento explica por qué este problema ha demostrado ser difícil de resolver. La evaluación de los fracasos del pasado debería permitir a los residentes de los destinos turísticos abogar por medidas diferentes y más eficaces y, en particular, para que esas medidas se apliquen correctamente.

Existen escasos intentos anteriores para analizar las razones del fracaso para mitigar o prevenir eficazmente la saturación turística. El artículo presenta una contribución original en esta área al mostrar una evaluación de lo que se ha investigado y discutido en la literatura y se ofrece una síntesis de las deficiencias dentro de la industria y la academia y el fracaso de las organizaciones del sector público para implementar sus políticas.