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Despite widespread interest in the resources and people of Alaska, few libraries outside of the state maintain extensive collections on these subjects. In this article, David A. Hales reviews a multifarious sample of informative materials.

The purpose of this paper is to simulate the tension process of tension-type anchor cable and to explore the mechanical characteristics and tension-torsion coupling effect of anchor cable subjected to tension.

ABAQUS numerical software is applied to construct the numerical models of tension-type anchor cables with different diameters. Through explicit contact, the characteristics of contact between grouting body-anchor cable and grouting body-rock mass are determined. Confining pressure is applied to the model through surface pressure, and drawing force is applied to the model by displacement loading so as to simulate the tension process of the anchor cable.

The results show that the stress is transmitted in both axial and radial directions in the anchorage section and distributed in a cone. The shear stress in the grouting body is unevenly distributed, and its peak value increases with the rise in confining pressure and anchor cable diameter. The stress characteristics of torque and axial force are basically consistent and evenly distributed in the free section; they gradually decrease in the anchorage section. Due to the tension-torsion coupling effect, the internal stress characteristics of the anchor cable structure vary. On average, the anchorage performance of each anchor cable model is improved by 6.19%.

The proposed method of numerical modelling is effective in addressing the interface contact between the anchor cable and the grouting body and in solving the problem with convergence of calculation. Compared with the indoor test, this method is more suited to collecting the internal mechanical data of the anchor body.

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of experimental and theoretical studies on the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened using externally bonded bi-directional glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites and different end anchorage systems.

A series of nine RC beams with a length of 1,600 mm and a cross-section of 200 mm depth and 100 mm width were prepared and externally strengthened in flexure with bi-directional GFRP composites. These strengthened beams were anchored with three different end anchorage systems namely closed GFRP wraps, GFRP U-wraps and mechanical anchors. All these beams were tested with four-point bending system up to failure. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results obtained using the relevant design guidelines.

The experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in the flexural performance of the GFRP strengthened beams with regard to the ultimate load carrying capacity and stiffness. The results also show that GFRP strengthened beams without end anchorages experienced intermediate concrete debonding failure at the GFRP plate end, whereas all the GFRP strengthened beams with different end anchorage systems failed in rupture of GFRP with concrete crushing. The theoretical results revealed no significant difference among the relevant design guidelines with regard to the predicted ultimate moment capacities of the bi-directional GFRP strengthened RC beams. However, the results show that ACI Committee 440 Report (2008) design recommendation provides reasonably acceptable predictions for the ultimate moment capacities of the tested beams strengthened externally with bi-directional GFRP reinforcement followed by FIB Bulletin 14 (2001) and eventually by JSCE (1997).

The research work presented in this manuscript is authentic and could contribute to the understanding of the overall behaviour of RC beams strengthened with FRP and different end anchorage systems under flexural loading.

To solve the reinforcement congestion, mechanical anchorage is increasingly popular in use instead of conventional hook rebar. However, the bond performance between the rebar and concrete and the range of stress transfer between the two are still not well understood. The purpose of this study is to study the bond performance and failure mechanisms between reinforcement and concrete around an anchorage zone in a structural element.

In this study, simulations were carried out by 3D RBSM (Rigid Body Spring Model). This approach divided a problem of interest into elements, namely concrete and steel elements. And to simulate the failure of anchorage of RC, the steel element size is set according to the geometry complexity of the reinforcing bar. By using this method, two simulation cases of anchorage failure were carried out.

This paper shows that simulations demonstrated good agreement with experimental data in terms of anchorage capacity, crack pattern, and failure mode. This indicates that RBSM analysis can simulate the failure behavior governed by complex cracks.

This paper indicates the analytical approach to investigate the anchorage performance of RC.

The purpose of this paper is to detail the prevalence and nature of patrol officers' alcohol‐related workload.

A systematic social observation (SSO) methodology was used to collect data pertaining to the alcohol‐related activities and encounters of patrol officers. A fully randomized sampling procedure was used to select the days, times, and geographic areas of observation sessions. Observational data were obtained for 65 separate observations sessions ‐ totaling approximately 650 hours, 480 police‐citizen encounters, with 766 citizens, and 2,009 non‐encounter activities.

Approximately 26 percent of encounters and 10 percent of non‐encounter activities involved citizen alcohol use. Roughly 15 percent of patrol officer time is dedicated to alcohol‐related encounters and their associated activities. Alcohol‐related encounters were of a substantively different type than those in which there was no alcohol involvement. In sum, alcohol‐related encounters were more likely to involve a crime, occur in emotionally volatile situations, elicit a multiple‐officer response, and to take place out of the public sphere.

The paper demonstrates the utility of police‐researcher collaboration. The findings can make a direct contribution to academy and in‐service training.

Unlike previous SSO studies, this research used data obtained from a representative sample of police patrols. The use of a SSO protocol provides a level of detail about the nature of police‐citizen interactions within the context of alcohol‐related encounters not previously seen in the literature.

Questions the approaches used for evaluating the success of community‐policing in the USA. Finds that reliance on crime and arrest statistics is not adequate. One of the new measures “knowledge of organizational personnel”, is examined reporting on the interest in and acceptance of the community‐policing philosophy among police officers working in a pilot programe in Anchorage, Alaska. Findings suggest that police officers took satisfaction in some aspects of the work but were frustrated and uncertain about others. Support for the programme is linked to three issues: desire for professional development, a desire for knowledge of area covered and an interest in creative and proactive problem solving.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of encapsulation temperature on the preparation of silica-encapsulated waterborne aluminium pigments.

The waterborne aluminium pigments were prepared with H₂O₂ as anchoring agent and siloxane used as precursors in pH = 9.0 medium at different temperatures. The anchorage and compactness of silicon which on aluminium surface were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N₂ adsorption-desorption. The anticorrosion property was characterized by the volume of produced hydrogen as a function of time.

The effect of encapsulation temperature on anticorrosion property of aluminium pigments is reflected from the anchorage and the compactness of silica on aluminium surface. Furthermore, when encapsulation temperature is 45-50°C, the silica platelets uniformly anchored on the aluminium surface as a dense film, which show the best anticorrosion property. Lower and higher encapsulation temperatures cause the silica platelets to agglomerate rather than anchor on the aluminium surface, which is unfavourable for the anchorage and the formation of compact silica film. The use of product in waterborne coatings gives a higher glossiness than that of raw material.

Only pH = 9.0 medium was explored, and the other pH medium could result in different optimum temperatures.

The investigation results provide theoretical basis for obtaining excellent waterborne aluminium pigments.

The method of investigating corrosion resistance mechanism of aluminium pigments based on anchorage and compactness is novel.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of encapsulation pH and iron source on the anchorage mode and performance of iron oxide-encapsulated aluminium pigments.

The coloured waterborne aluminium pigments were prepared at pH 5-7.5 by using FeSO₄ and FeCl₃ as iron source. The anchorage mode of iron oxides on aluminium was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the pigmentary performance was characterized through anticorrosion test and multi-angle spectroscopy.

Diaspore and boehmite could form from H₂O₂ oxidizing aluminium. Both low pH and FeSO₄ systems are beneficial for diaspore, inducing green rust anchor on the aluminium to form goethite. Either in FeSO₄ or FeCl₃ system, slightly high pH is beneficial for the formation of boehmite, which occurred together with ferrihydrite to form denser coating with yellowness and excellent anticorrosion property. At pH above 7, the formation of dendritic iron oxide is detrimental to the anticorrosion property and the glossiness.

Only FeSO₄·7H₂O and FeCl₃·6H₂O as iron sources were explored.

The investigation results provide theoretical basis to obtain excellent chromatic waterborne aluminium pigments.

The method for investigation of encapsulation mechanism by surveying the structure of iron oxides on aluminium, which varies with the pH of the system and iron sources, is novel.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the researches reported in literature on Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and determine the avenues by which lean anchorage can be improved in LSS implementation.

The literature on lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and LSS was reviewed. The literature has been reviewed from four major perspectives. The findings of this review were used to find the methods for the improvement of lean anchorage. The proposed model is explained with a hypothetical case study.

The major finding of the exploration reported in this article is that the lean anchorage in LSS process is found to be weak and it has to be enhanced for improving the effectiveness of LSS approach. The results derived from the hypothetical case study have been presented.

The researches on LSS from the perspective of implementation in small- and medium-sized enterprises have been explored. But the lean anchorage method proposed could be extended to other organizations also.

The findings of this literature exploration pinpoint the need for enhancing the efficacy of LSS approach.

This article has identified and presented systematically four major perspectives of LSS. The deficiency has been identified and the improvement methods have been proposed. Hence, the contributions of this article are original and valuable.

This paper aims to evaluate the effect of precursors on the anticorrosion property of silica encapsulated waterborne aluminium pigments (WBAPs).

The silica encapsulated WBAPs were prepared using different siloxanes as precursors. The anchorage and compactness of silica films on aluminium flakes were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption. The anticorrosion property and glossiness of WBAPs were evaluated.

The effect of precursors on anticorrosion property of silica encapsulated WBAPs is reflected from the anchorage and the compactness of silica on aluminium flakes surface. Furthermore, the structure of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane benefits the anchorage and the compatibility between pigment and acrylic resin. Neither high nor low ratio of tetraethoxysilane/γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is favourable to the anchorage and formation of dense silica film on the aluminium flakes surface. To obtain perfect WBAP, the precursors of silica must be carefully selected.

Only four kinds of precursors were used in this work; other precursors could also be studied.

The investigation results provide theoretical basis to obtain excellent WBAPs.

The method to investigate anticorrosion property of WBAPs that is based on the effect of precursors on the performance of silica was novel.