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This study aims to extend the pot life without altering the qualities and performance of the coating, which is important to increase when manufacturing polyurethane coatings.

An acrylic polyol from a mixture of different monomers of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate was prepared with different ratios of 2,4-pentanedione as a pot life extender. The reaction takes place in presence of di-tert-butyl peroxide as initiator with samples (T1–T7). The physical properties of prepared acrylic polyol were characterized. Then, coating polyurethane varnish was prepared from the prepared acrylic polyol with an aliphatic polyisocyanate in a 1:1 equivalent ratio of OH:NCO at room temperature, in presence of paint thinner (diluents/solvent) and dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst to give samples (T1C–T7C). This coating was evaluated via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, drying time, hardness and gloss, distinctness of image and reflected image quality.

The coating has a prolonged pot life while still maintaining the other qualities, thanks to the greater 2,4-pentanedione content.

It is desired to have a paint which has a satisfactory pot life, short curing time and reduces many drawbacks such as inefficient working and deterioration of the paint before application.

The purpose of this study is to develop a protective coating system on mild steel panel incorporating epoxidized natural rubber with acrylic polyol resin.

In this work, a novel attempt is made to develop binder coatings using epoxidized natural rubber-based material and an organic resin (acrylic resin) for corrosion protection on metal substrate. Seven different samples of multifunctional coatings are developed by varying the compositions of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and acrylic resin. The properties of the developed coatings have been characterized using analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS has been carried out for 30 days to evaluate the corrosion resistance after immersing into 3.5 wt.% of sodium chloride. Cross hatch cut tester (CHT) has been used to study the adhesive properties. UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis) was also used to assess changes in the coating-film transparency of the natural rubber-based coating systems in this study.

The developed coatings have formed uniform layer on the substrate. CHT results show excellent adhesion of the coatings. Higher concentrations of ENR have higher transparency level, which reduces when the acrylic concentration increases. FTIR analysis confirms the crosslinking that occurred between the components of the coatings. Based on the impedance data from EIS, the incorporation of natural rubber can be an additive for the corrosion protection, which has the coating resistance values well above 108Ω even after 30 days of immersion.

The blending method provides a simple and practical solution to improve the strength and adhesion properties of acrylic polyol resin with epoxidized natural rubber. There is still improvement needed for long-term applications.

The work has been conducted in our laboratory. The combination of natural rubber-based materials and organic resins is a new approach in coating research.

This paper aims to achieve an anti-corrosive coating via uniform dispersion of nanoclay particles (montmorillonite) and polypyrrole (PPy) as a conductive polymer as well as their effects on the anti-corrosion features in the presence of the eco-friendly ionic liquids (ILs).

In this research, PPy with different forms of nanoclay were used. Moreover, ILs additive is used to enhance the better dispersion process of clay and PPy nanoparticles in the resin.

As a result, the IL additive in the formulation of nano-composite coatings greatly improves the dispersion process of clay and PPy nanoparticles in the resin. Due to its high compatibility with polyurethane resin and clay and PPy nanoparticles, this additive contains a high dispersing power to disperse the investigated nanoparticles in the resin matrix.

High polarity of ILs as well as abilities to dissolve both mineral and organic materials, they can provide the better chemical processes compared to common solvents.

IL abilities have not been discovered to a large extent such as catalysts and detectors.

ILs have been emerging as promising green solvents to replace conventional solvents in recent years. They possess unique properties such as nonvolatility, low toxicity, ease of handling, nonflammability and high ionic conductivity. Thus, they have received much attention as green media for various chemistry processes.

The simultaneous existence of clay, PPy and IL additive in the nano-composite coating formulation is responsible for the high corrosion resistance of the coating.

The color painting of ancient buildings has high historical and artistic value but is prone to aging due to long-term outdoor exposure. The purpose of this study is to develop a new type of sealing coating to mitigate the impact of ultraviolet (UV) light on color painting.

The new coating was subjected to a 500-h UV-aging test. Compared with the existing acrylic resin Primal AC33, the UV aging behavior of the new coating, such as color difference and gloss, was studied with aging time. The Fourier infrared spectra of the coatings were analyzed after the UV-aging test.

Compared with AC33, the antiaging performance of SF8 was substantially improved. SF8 has a lower color difference value and better light retention and hydrophobicity. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the C-F bond and Si-O bonds in the resin of the optimized sealing coating protected the main chain C-C structure from degradation during the aging process; thus, the resin maintained good stability. The hindered amine light stabilizer TN292 added to the coating inhibited the antiaging process by trapping active free radicals.

To address the problem of UV aging of oil-decorated colored paintings, a new type of sealing coating with excellent antiaging properties was developed, laying the foundation for its demonstration application on the surface of ancient buildings.

This study aims to focus on how reactive diluents with mono- and di-functionalities affect the properties of resin formulation developed from bioderived precursors. A hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) terminated urethane acrylate oligomer was synthesized and characterized to study its application in stereolithography 3D printing with different ratios of isobornyl acrylate and hexanediol diacrylate.

Polyester polyol was synthesized from suberic acid and butanediol. Additionally, isophorone diisocyanate, polyester polyol and HEMA were used to create urethane acrylate oligomer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H NMR were used to characterize the polyester polyol and oligomer. Various formulations were created by combining oligomer with reactive diluents in concentrations ranging from 0% to 30% by weight and curing with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The cured coatings and 3D printed specimens were then evaluated for their properties.

The findings revealed an improvement in thermal stability, contact angle value, tensile strength and surface properties of the product which indicated its suitability for use as a 3D printing material.

This study discusses how oligomers that have been cured by UV radiation with mono- and difunctional reactive diluents give excellent coating characteristics and demonstrate suitability and stability for 3D printing applications.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an inorganic-organic hybrid emulsion polymer using grafted hyperbranched alkyd modified with nanometal oxide and to study the performance of the developed hybrid emulsion in paint formulation with respect to antimicrobial and other properties.

A novel hybrid emulsion polymer was synthesized by grafting of vinyl acetate (VAM), vinyl ester of versatic acid (VeoVa 10) monomers onto hyperbranched alkyd resin and incorporation of nano magnesium oxide (MgO) into the hybrid resin matrix during dispersion of resin in water. Subsequently, paint was prepared by using this hybrid emulsion followed by a performance study.

The performance of nano MgO modified into VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd resulted in unique properties of coating especially antimicrobial activity.

In the present study, soya fatty acid, polyol and di basic acid have been used to prepare hyperbranched alkyd by condensation polymerization. Monomers like VAM and VeoVa 10 used for grafting onto hyperbranched alkyd and nano MgO have been incorporated into hybrid resin matrix during emulsification of hybrid resin in water.

Grafting of VAM and VeoVa 10 onto hyperbranched alkyd along with in situ incorporation of nano MgO in resin matrix is an effective technique to achieve excellent coating properties.

Nano MgO modified VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd-based hybrid emulsion can be used as binder in water-based metal primer, direct to metal (DTM) coating as well as topcoat application. The developed system has antimicrobial properties as well as superior mechanical properties.

The purpose of this study is to reduce the application of petroleum in automobile paint industry by replacing it with bio-based castor oil along with nano fillers to synthesize automobile base coat (BC).

Bio-based polyurethane (PU) coating applicable in automobile BC was synthesized by using modified castor oil incorporated with nano silica (NS) and titanium-based pigment particles. The influential characteristics of the coating was studied by carrying out cross-cut tape test, abrasion resistance, pencil hardness, lap-shear, thermo gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and acid, alkali and oil resistance tests.

Incorporation of NS particles, along with titanium-based pigment particles in optimized ratio into the paint matrix, increases the mechanical, chemical and oil resistance properties and hydrophobicity of the BC, and the findings are compared with the petro-based commercial BC.

There is no significant improvement in thermal properties of the paint matrix, and it is less thermally stable than the commercial BC.

The paint developed through this study provides a simple and practical solution to reduce the petro-based feed-stock in automobile paint industry.

The current work which reports the use of ecofriendly PU BC for automobile paint applications is novel and findings of this study are original.

This paper aims to prepare alkyd protective paint by using modified alkyd with 3,6-dichloro benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl glutamic acid (DCBTGA) as a source of dicarboxylic acid and evaluating their anticorrosive properties compared with those of unmodified alkyd coatings for steel protection.

Short, medium and long oil alkyds, which represented as (0, 10, 20 and 30% excess-OH) according to the resin constants (Patton, 1962), were prepared through a condensation polymerization reaction via a solvent process in a one-step reaction. The modification of alkyd was carried out by using DCBTGA as a source of dicarboxylic acid. The prepared modified alkyd was confirmed by IR and NMR spectral analysis. The physicochemical, mechanical and anticorrosion performance properties of the considered modified coating formulations against unmodified blank coating were studied to confirm their application efficiency.

The best results in terms of physicochemical, mechanical and anticorrosion performance properties were found according to the following of this order activity: 30 replacements of the modifier (DCBTGA) for each hydroxyl continent were 30% Ex-OH > 20% Ex-OH > 10% Ex-OH > 0% Ex-OH, compared with that formulation containing unmodified alkyd, especially with increasing the modifier percent.

The prepared DCBTGA-modified resins can be used for different applications based on the type of alkyd and application.

In this study, solid formaldehyde, benzoguanamine and butanol were used to synthesize butylated benzo-amino resin by one-step-two-stage method.

This research first examined the influence of solid formaldehyde content on the hydroxymethylation phase. Subsequently, the effects of butanol content, etherification time and hydrochloric acid content on the formation of benzo-amino resin during the etherification stage were studied in detail. In addition, the reaction process was further analyzed through interval sampling withdrawing during the hydroxymethylation and etherification stages. Finally, the synthesized benzo-amino resins were used in the production of high solid content polyester and acrylic coatings and the properties of that were also evaluated.

Based on the experimental findings, the authors have successfully determined the optimal process conditions for the one-step-two-stage method in this study. The hydroxymethylation stage demonstrated the most favorable outcomes at a reaction temperature of 60°C and a pH of 8.5. Similarly, for the etherification stage, the optimal conditions were achieved at a temperature of 45°C and a pH of 4.5. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that a ratio of benzoguanamine to solid formaldehyde to n-butanol, specifically at 1:5.2:15, produced the best results. The performance of the resulting etherified benzo-amino resin was thoroughly evaluated in high solid content coatings, and it exhibited promising characteristics. Notably, there was a significant enhancement in the water resistance, solvent resistance and glossiness of canned iron printing varnish coatings.

Amino resin, a versatile chemical compound widely used in various industries, presents challenges in terms of sustainability and operational efficiency when synthesized using conventional methods, primarily relying on a 37% formaldehyde solution. To address these challenges, the authors propose a novel approach in this study that combines the advantages of the solid formaldehyde with a two-stage catalytic one-step synthesis process. The primary objective of this research is to minimize the environmental impact associated with amino resin synthesis, optimize resource utilization and enhance the economic feasibility for its industrial implementation. By adopting this alternative approach, the authors aim to contribute toward a more sustainable and efficient production of amino resin.

Titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NP) were deposited to cotton denim fabrics using a self-crosslinking acrylate – a polymer dispersion to extend the lifetime of the products. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions to increase abrasion resistance, to provide self-cleaning properties of denim fabrics and to examine the effects of these applications on other physical properties.

The denim samples were first treated with nonionic surfactant to increase their wettability. Three different amounts of the polymer dispersion and two different pH levels were selected for the experimental design. The finishing process was applied to the fabrics with pad-dry-cure method.

The presence of the coatings and the adhesion of TiO₂ NPs to the surfaces were confirmed by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. It was ascertained that the most appropriate self-crosslinking acrylate amount and ambient pH level is 10 mL and “2”, respectively, for providing increased abrasion resistance (2,78%) and enhanced self-cleaning properties (363,4%) in the denim samples. The coating reduced the air permeability and softness of the denim samples. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis results showed that the treatments increased the crystallization temperatures and melting enthalpy values of the denim samples. Based on the thermal test results, it is clear that mass loss of the denim samples at 370°C decreased as the amount of self-crosslinking acrylate increased (at pH 3).

This study helped us to find out optimum amount of self-crosslinking acrylate and proper pH level for enhanced self-cleaning and abrasion strength on denim fabrics. With this finishing process, an environmentally friendly and long-life denim fabric was designed.