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This paper aims to propose an improved and computationally efficient motion simulation of a flexible variable sweep aircraft.

The motion simulation is performed on hardware-in-the-loop simulation setup using 6 degree-of-freedom motion platform. The dynamic model of a flexible variable sweep aircraft, Rockwell B-1 Lancer is presented using equations of motions for combined rigid and flexible motions. The peak filter is introduced as a new method to separate flexible motion from aircraft motion data. Standard adaptive washout filter is modified and redesigned for an accurate flexible aircraft flight simulation. The flight data are generated using FlightGear software. Another motion profile with significant oscillations is also tested. The peak filter and the modified adaptive washout filter both are used to process the data according to the motion envelop of motion platform.

The performance of the modified adaptive washout filter is evaluated using hardware-in-the-loop simulation setup and results are compared with the standard adaptive washout filter. Results exhibit that the proposed method is computationally cost-effective and improves the motion simulation of flexible aircraft with close to realistic motion cues.

The proposed work presents motion simulation of a flexible aircraft by introducing a peak filter to extract flexible motion in contrast to the traditional motion separation methods. Also, a modified adaptive washout filter is designed and implemented in place of the traditional washout filters for improved flexible aircraft flight motion simulation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reason of G105 coated drill-pipes suffering from washout after drilling for 70000–80000 m.

The microstructure, micromorphology and corrosion products near the washout were analyzed by metallurgical microscopy, SEM and EDS.

Results showed the metallographic microstructure of the material was typical tempered sorbite. No fatigue crack was observed. Drill-pipe washout was caused mainly by the inclusion of MnS in steel because of the excess S and by damaged coating, both of which induced pit nucleation and promoted the pitting corrosion process. The corrosion hole extended from the interior to the exterior, which resulted in the fracturing of the external drill-pipe surface under pressure.

This paper can give practical help to the selection of drill pipe materials in the future.

As part of the R.A.E.‘s critical study of the aero‐isoclinic principle of wing design, a detailed examination was made of high‐speed aeroelastic effects on manoeuvre point, with special reference to the effect of rearward movement of local aerodynamic centres at super‐critical Mach numbers. From the results of calculations, using the method of R.A.E. Report No. Aero. 2320, it is concluded that as regards possible shifts of manoeuvre point, the aero‐isoclinic wing is generally superior to the conventional wing. For tailless aircraft, application of the aero‐isoclinic principle makes it possible to employ wings of an aspect ratio much larger than is considered practicable with conventional design. Structural design of a flutter‐free aero‐isoclinic wing entails radical departures from orthodox procedure, and with tailed aircraft it is therefore probably preferable to adapt the design of the tail plane and its attachment, to cope with the destabilizing deformability effects of a conventional wing, than to eradicate such effects at the source by aero‐isoclinic design of the wing.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method to assess trade name distinctiveness.

The authors implemented a two‐staged methodology. First, catchwords in trade names in the relevant database were identified and ranked according to how commonly they were used and, second, these names were classified into four distinct categories using clearly‐defined criteria based on their degree of similarity: champions (zero similarity), runners‐up (low similarity), wannabes (high similarity), and washouts (extreme similarity).

The proposed assessment method allows entrepreneurs to create names that are dissimilar to existing ones and hence support a company's later activities designed to enhance the reputation of the name and build brand equity. The scale is applicable in various business sectors.

The study is limited by: the number of names compared being relatively small, the terminology used to denominate the various scale levels could be revisited and other denominations might better reflect the levels. Due to its pioneering nature, the adopted approach needs to be validated by further studies, in particular, how does one assess whether the method is working adequately and, because the scale focuses on one attribute of the name, i.e. distinctiveness, other relevant attributes are not taken into consideration. The trade‐off between the various attributes was not within the scope of this study.

This is the only study in the field that provides a practical method for assessing trade name distinctiveness through providing actual examples of the possibility of name confusion or differentiation. The study also introduces new concepts for naming strategies such as catch words, trade name distinctiveness, distinctiveness scale, and the similarity indicator. Moreover, the study provides a new classification of characteristics of names that should or should not be used.

The objective of this study is to examine the dose‐response effect of inulin on mineral absorption and faecal short‐chain fatty acids concentration in formula‐fed infants.

The effects of inulin on faecal short‐chain fatty acids and minerals absorption in 36 healthy, formula‐fed infants given three different doses of inulin (0.75g/d, 1.00g/d, and 1.25g/d) were studied using complete randomized design. Acetic, butyric, propionic and lactic acids were analysed using gas chromatography.

No significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in the infant faecal short‐chain fatty acids contents during the basal period, the intake period and the washout period. A significant (p<0.05) increase in per cent apparent absorption, per cent apparent retention and net retention of iron were seen in infants supplemented with 1g/day inulin. A significant (p<0.05) increase in per cent apparent retention and net retention of Magnesium was also seen in infants supplemented with 0.75, 1 and 1.25g/day inulin. A significant (p<0.05) increase in per cent apparent absorption and net retention of Zinc was seen in infants supplemented with only 0.75g/day inulin. No significant improvement in calcium, or copper absorption or retention was observed in all the doses of inulin studied.

Most previous studies were conducted on adults and adolescents.

Inconsistency in flexographic platemaking techniques was perceived to influence the print quality and consistency. The results of a factorial designed experiment created to establish which platemaking factors had a significant influence on the flexographic printing quality are reported in this paper. The objective of the experiment was not only to define the optimum platemaking technique, but also to improve the understanding of the characteristics and properties of the photopolymer printing plate and to identify the key interacting factors which have the most significant effect on print quality and consistency. Various statistical methods were employed for the design of the experiment and for the interpretation of experimental data generated. The results of the investigation have been used to fine‐tune the flexographic platemaking techniques to significantly manipulate the properties for the end‐use application to enhance printing performance and consistency of the plates.

Hopkins & Williams, P.O. Box 1, Romford, RM1 1HA, can supply the washout solvent required for Du‐Pont's Cyrel flexo‐graphic printing process. The solvent, used to remove the un‐reacted photopolymer after the plate has been exposed to ultraviolet light, is available in 5 gallon and 45 gallon drums, code 3594. 50.

We study five exogenous shocks: climate, violence, price hikes, spoilage and the COVID-19 lockdown. We analyze the association between these shocks and trader characteristics, reflecting trader vulnerability.

Using primary survey data on 1,100 Nigerian maize traders for 2021 (controlling for shocks in 2017), we use probit models to estimate the probabilities of experiencing climate, violence, disease and cost shocks associated with trader characteristics (gender, size and region) and to estimate the probability of vulnerability (experiencing severe impacts).

Traders are prone to experiencing more than one shock, which increases the intensity of the shocks. Price shocks are often accompanied by violence, climate and COVID-19 shocks. The poorer northern region is disproportionately affected by shocks. Northern traders experience more price shocks while Southern traders are more affected by violence shocks given their dependence on long supply chains from the north for their maize. Female traders are more likely to experience violent events than men who tend to be more exposed to climate shocks.

The data only permit analysis of the general degree of impact of a shock rather than quantifying lost income.

This paper is the first to analyze the incidence of multiple shocks on grain traders and the unequal distribution of negative impacts. It is the first such in Africa based on a large sample of grain traders from a primary survey.

The purpose of this study is to develop an active controller of both leading-edge (LE) and trailing-edge (TE) control surfaces for an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) with a composite morphing wing.

Instead of conventional hinged control surfaces, both LE and TE seamless control surfaces were integrated with the wing. Based on the longitudinal state space equation, the root locus plot of the morphing wing aircraft, with a stability augmented system, was constructed. Using the pole placement, the feedback gain matrix for an active control was obtained.

The aerodynamic benefits of a morphing wing section are compared with a wing of a rigid control surface. However, the 3D morphing wing with a large sweptback angle produces a washout negative aeroelastic effect, which causes a significant reduction of the control effectiveness. The results show that the stability augmentation system can significantly improve the longitudinal controllability of an aircraft with a morphing wing.

This study is necessary to analyse the effect of a morphing wing on an UAV and perform a comparison with the rigid model.

The control surfaces assignment plan for trim, pitch and roll control was obtained. An active control algorism for the morphing wing was created to satisfy the required stability and control effectiveness by operating the LE and TE control surfaces according to flight conditions. The aeroelastic effect of control derivatives on the morphing aircraft was considered.

Stunting and being underweight in children are major nutritional problems especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of egg supplementation on a vitamin and mineral fortification program for growth, cognitive development and hemoglobin in underweight and stunted children.

This was an experimental study using a crossover design conducted in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. A total of 39 subjects were randomly selected from two community health centers and provided with two types of intervention: vitamin and mineral fortification sprinkle (Taburia) and Taburia with egg supplementation (Taburia PLUS). Each intervention was conducted for three months with one-month of washout period in between interventions.

There were no changes in weight-for-age Z-score in Taburia and Taburia PLUS (all p > 0.05). The height-for-age Z-score was increased in Taburia PLUS (p = 0.022) but not in Taburia (p > 0.05). Hemoglobin level was significantly increased in Taburia (p = 0.039) but not in Taburia PLUS (p > 0.05). There were no significant changes in visual motoric score in Taburia, but there were slight increases in Taburia PLUS (all p > 0.05).

The authors concluded that egg supplementation combined with multivitamins and minerals fortification program, Taburia PLUS, is beneficial to improve linear growth but not hemoglobin in stunted and underweight children.