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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1995

Sumeet Trehan and M.C. Shukla

The acute shortage coupled with tremendous increase in cost of various solvents used by paint industry and pollution becoming a serious concern has resulted in intensive study of…

Abstract

The acute shortage coupled with tremendous increase in cost of various solvents used by paint industry and pollution becoming a serious concern has resulted in intensive study of water‐borne coatings. Water‐borne coatings ideally meet the needs for coating systems which do not cause atmospheric pollutions and at the same time help in conservation of precious and renewable petroleum resources. Many research workers have developed water‐soluble epoxies, alkyds and acrylics to make water‐based surface coatings.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Article
Publication date: 20 March 2009

Nesrine Kassem and Abd‐Alla M.A. Nada

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of treatment using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers on mechanical properties and/or water absorption of paper sheets.

392

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of treatment using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers on mechanical properties and/or water absorption of paper sheets.

Design/methodology/approach

Paper sheets produced from paper grade wood pulp were dipped in polyacrylamide (PAA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer solutions, respectively. The effects of using different polymer solutions (PAA, PMM and PVA), as well as the effects of dipping time (1, 5 and 10 min) and concentration of polymer (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 per cent), on the mechanical properties as well as water absorption of paper sheets were investigated.

Findings

It was found that the treatment of paper sheets with different polymer solutions improved mechanical properties as well as water absorption of paper sheets when the polymer concentration was below 1 per cent and the dipping time did not exceed 5 min.

Research limitations/implications

Paper sheets resulting from treatment using hydrophilic polymers can be used as printing papers as the printability improves because water absorption improves, while paper sheets resulting from using hydrophobic polymers can be used for packaging because water adsorption is less and breaking length improved.

Originality/value

Improving some mechanical properties and/or water absorption of paper sheets. The improvement of dipped sheets increased by increasing dipping time till 5 min and by increasing polymer concentration till 1 per cent. Utilisation of PAA led to best results especially when it was hydrolysed.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 38 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 May 2014

Bo Zhao

The air drawing model plays an important in spunbonding. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the density and the specific heat capacity of polymer melt at…

Abstract

Purpose

The air drawing model plays an important in spunbonding. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the density and the specific heat capacity of polymer melt at constant pressure changing with polymer temperature on the fiber diameter.

Design/methodology/approach

The air drawing model of the polypropylene polymer in a spunbonding process is presented and solved by introducing the numerical computation results of the air flow field of aerodynamic device.

Findings

The model prediction of the filament fiber diameter coincides well with the experimental data. The effects of the processing parameters on the filament fiber diameter are discussed. A lower polymer throughput rate, higher polymer melt temperature, higher primary air temperature, higher venturi gap, higher air suction speed, and higher quench pressure can all produce finer filament fiber.

Originality/value

The experimental results show that the agreement between the results and experimental data are very better, which verifies the reliability of these models. The results show great prospects for this research in the field of computer assisted design of spunbonding technology.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 26 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 June 2008

H. Unal and F. Findik

The present study aims to find out the best polymer/polymer pair in electrical insulating applications. Moreover, the effects of different polymer counterpart and applied load on…

Abstract

Purpose

The present study aims to find out the best polymer/polymer pair in electrical insulating applications. Moreover, the effects of different polymer counterpart and applied load on the friction and wear behaviour of PA 46 + 30%GFR and unfilled PA 66 thermoplastic polymers are to be studied.

Design/methodology/approach

Friction and wear tests vs PA 46 + 30%GFR and PPS + 30%GFR polymer composites were carried out on a pin‐on‐disc arrangement and at a dry sliding conditions. Tribological tests were performed at room temperature under 20, 40 and 60 N loads and at 0.5 m/s sliding speed.

Findings

The results showed that, the coefficient of friction decreases with the increasing of load (up to 40 N) for PA 46 + 30%GFR composite and polyamide (PA) 66 polymer used in this study. However, above 40 N applied load the coefficient of friction increases. The specific wear rate for PA 46 + 30%GFR and PA 66 against PPS + 30%GFR polymer composite counterpart are about in the order of 10−13 m2/N while the specific wear rate for PA 46 + 30%GFR and PA 66 against PA 46 + 30%GFR polymer composite counterpart are in the order of 10−14 m2/N. For PA 46 + 30%GFR composite and unfilled PA 66 polymers tested the specific wear rate values increased with the increment of load. The highest specific wear rate is for unfilled PA 66 against PPS + 30%GFR with a value of 2.81 × 10−13 m2/N followed by PA 66 against PA 46 + 30%GFR with a value of 2.26 × 10−13 m2/N. The lowest wear rate is PA 46 + 30%GFR polymer composite against PA 46 + 30%GFR polymer composite counterpart with a value of 3.19 × 10−14 m2/N. The average specific wear rates for unfilled PA 66 against PA 46 + 30%GFR is 80 times higher than PA 46 + 30%GFR wear rate while specific wear rates for unfilled PA 66 against PPS + 30%GFR is 100 times higher than that of PA 46 + 30%GFR wear rate. From point view of tribological performance, PA 46 + 30%GFR is a more suitable engineering thermoplastic composite materials for electrical contact breaker applications.

Research limitations/implications

In the present work, tribological tests were performed only at room temperature under three different loads and a sliding speed. This is the limitation of the work.

Practical implications

This work is easily used for industrial polyamides to check their tribological behaviours.

Originality/value

This is an original and experimental study and it will be useful both for academicians and for industrial sides.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 60 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 November 1998

A.L. Perou and J.M. Vergnaud

Studies are made on food three‐layer packages, where a contaminated recycled polymer layer is located between two virgin polymer layers. As the thick food packages are made by…

396

Abstract

Studies are made on food three‐layer packages, where a contaminated recycled polymer layer is located between two virgin polymer layers. As the thick food packages are made by pressing the polymer layers in a mould kept at around the melting temperature of the polymer, the process is thus rather complex with heat transfer and contaminant transfer. Heat transfer is controlled by conduction through the package with a high coefficient of heat transfer in the mould, and conduction through the package and free convection at the surface during the cooling period in motionless air. The contaminant transfer is controlled by diffusion through the polymer with a temperature‐dependent diffusivity. A numerical model taking into account both the heat and mass transfer is built in order to resolve the problem. Various parameters appear of interest, such as the conditions of the processing with the temperature of the mould and time in the mould, the thicknesses of the polymer layers. Two types of sandwich are considered with different thicknesses for each layer. The profiles of concentration of the contaminant are obtained through the polymer packages.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 8 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 April 2014

Huseyin Unal, Salih Hakan Yetgin and Fehim Findik

– The purpose of the study was to find the best performance polymer material to be used in railway car bogies.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to find the best performance polymer material to be used in railway car bogies.

Design/methodology/approach

Wear tests and optical and scanning electron microscopy were used.

Findings

The friction coefficients of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and Nylon 6 polymers, as opposed to AISI 4140 steel, reduced with the increment of applied loads. With the increment of sliding speed, the friction coefficient increased in both UHMWPE and Nylon 6 polymers. The specific wear rate of the UHMWPE polymer was determined to be about 10-14 m2/N, whereas the rate of Nylon 6 was determined to be 10-13 m2/N.

Practical implications

The aim of the study was to find the best performance polymer material to be used in railway car bogies.

Originality/value

The friction and wear performance of UHMWPE and Nylon 6 engineering polymers were studied and compared to their AISI 4140 steel counterparts. It is an original work and it is not published in any media.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 66 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 June 2023

Ghania Mirouzi and Amina Houda

The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of mineral additions on the mechanical performances of polymer concrete. This study aims to propose a novel approach…

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of mineral additions on the mechanical performances of polymer concrete. This study aims to propose a novel approach formulation of polymer concrete based on reduction in the quantity of the binder and disposal of large quantities of industrial by-products and household waste such as the marble, the brick and silica fume whose valuation in polymer concrete could be an interesting ecological and economical alternative. The incorporation of a rate of 10% brick powder affects the distribution of pores inside polymer concrete, that is, the pore diameters become thinner and decrease and the porosity becomes evenly distributed. The recycled mineral brick powder addition in polymer concrete mix improved the mechanical properties.

Design/methodology/approach

This polymer concrete was prepared by using polyester resin and two different types of sand, following a new formulation based on an empirical method. Furthermore, the optimal binder percentage was of 20% resin and a mixture of 52% dune sand and 48% quarry sand according to the Abrams method. To achieve our objective, five rates (from 2% to 10%) of brick powder, marble powder and silica fume were examined. Afterwards, its mechanical characteristics were evaluated via a three-point flexural with compressive resistance. The findings indicated that the addition of brick, marble and silica fume to polymer concrete increases the flexural strength with 21.84%, 12.76% and 9.07%, respectively.

Findings

Concerning the compressive strength, the best resistance is that of polymer concretes based on brick powder, and this economic formulation of polymer concrete serves the optimal cost/resistance ratio criteria. It allows an improvement in the mechanical resistance of concrete are obtained by adding brick powder that exceed that of the reference concrete.

Originality/value

In the past few decades, there has been several contribution concerning the subject of the reduction of the binder quantity in polymer concretes and adding the industrial and household wastes. However, previous studies revolving around the same area disregarded the effect of the brick powder, which appears scientifically of great importance for enriching the literature.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 May 2023

Maria Athar, Adeel Ahmad and Yasir Khan

To explore the fusion of dust particles and of polymers in a viscous liquid is the main purpose of this article. Newtonian fluid as a base fluid is considered and the mutual…

Abstract

Purpose

To explore the fusion of dust particles and of polymers in a viscous liquid is the main purpose of this article. Newtonian fluid as a base fluid is considered and the mutual presence of polymers and dusty bodies is investigated. It discusses the steady laminar flow and heat transportation of a polymeric dusty liquid induced by a uniformly heated, penetrable and stretchable surface inside the boundary layer.

Design/methodology/approach

The mathematical system incorporates separate equations of energy and momentum for dusty bodies and for fluid. The classical Oldroyd-B model is chosen for exploring polymer presence. For the fluid phase, this model adds another stress to the conservation law of momentum. Appropriate similarity variables are introduced to transform the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The problem is solved by introducing a numerical iterative procedure which turned out to be fastly converging.

Findings

Expeditious changes inside the boundary layer cause polymers to deform. No changes outside the boundary layer are noticed on account of polymer stretching. The dependence of heat transfer rate and skin friction on the parameter of polymer concentration and Weissenberg number is analyzed and displayed graphically against interaction parameters for temperature and velocity, dust particles’ mass concentration, Eckert and Prandtl numbers. Combining effects of polymers and dust particles cause skin friction to decrease and heat transfer rate to increase. Increasing values of interaction parameter for velocity, dust particles’ mass concentration and Eckert number reduces the drag coefficient and local Nusselt number. On the other hand, the Prandtl number and interaction parameter of temperature magnify the heat flux at the wall.

Research limitations/implications

This article studies the infinite extensibility of polymers. FENE and FENE-P models can be used to investigate the polymer presence in dusty fluids in the future.

Originality/value

In this article, the authors’ aim is to study the combined presence of polymers and dusty bodies. Keeping the existing literature in view, this type of fusion is not studied yet. Polymer inclusion in a viscous dusty fluid is studied and the behavior of fluid flow and heat transportation is investigated within the boundary layer over a permeable linearly stretching sheet.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 19 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 August 2022

Wanting Zhao and Lijun Chen

Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex has good hydrophobic and oleophobicity, weather resistance, aging resistance, stability and other excellent properties…

Abstract

Purpose

Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex has good hydrophobic and oleophobicity, weather resistance, aging resistance, stability and other excellent properties, which make the polymer be widely used in coatings, dyes, adhesives and other products. The purpose of this study is to prepare self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex via semi-continuous seeded emulsion technology and carry out comparative study on two different cross-linked monomers.

Design/methodology/approach

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as the main monomers, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) as the fluoromonomer, hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as cross-linked monomers, and 1-allyloxy-3–(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (ANPEO10) and 1-allyloxy-3–(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate (DNS-86) as compound emulsifiers via the semicontinuous-seeded emulsion polymerization.

Findings

The properties of the polymer emulsions, which are prepared with two different cross-linked monomers, are compared and discussed, and it is concluded that HPMA is more suitable for the preparation of self-crosslinked polymer emulsions. The formula of the polymer latex is ANPEO10: DNS-86 = 1:1, and the mass ratio of the monomers used in the polymer is MMA: BA: DFMA: HPMA = 14.40:14.40:0.60:0.60.

Practical implications

Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex can be used in many fields such as coatings, dyes, adhesives and other products.

Originality/value

The self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex is prepared by mixing the nonionic emulsifier ANPEO10 and the anionic emulsifier DNS-86 when potassium persulfate is used as the thermal decomposition initiator and the semicontinuous-seeded emulsion technology is adopted and the comparative study on two different cross-linked monomer is carried out, which is not reported in the open literatures.

Article
Publication date: 27 September 2022

Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud, Aya Abdallah, Rana Youssef, Doha Elsayed, Nesreen Labib, Wael S. Mohamed and Medhat Ibrahim

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of using some polymers at different concentrations in the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of using some polymers at different concentrations in the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts.

Design/methodology/approach

New vegetable-tanned leather samples were prepared. The consolidants used were polyacrylamide (PAM) and polymethyl methacrylate/hydroxyethyl methacrylate (MMA-HEMA). Accelerated heat aging was applied to the untreated and treated samples. Analytical techniques used were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), digital microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), change of color and mechanical properties.

Findings

The characteristic FTIR bands showed the effect of accelerated heat aging on the molecular structure of the studied samples, but treated and aged treated samples used were better than aged untreated samples. Microscopic investigations (digital and SEM), and mechanical properties proved that 2% was the best concentration for polymers used. The change in the total color difference of the treated and aged treated samples was limited.

Originality/value

This study presents the important results obtained from PAM and poly(MMA-HEMA) used for the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts. The best results of the studied polymers can be applied directly to protect historical vegetable-tanned leathers.

1 – 10 of over 11000