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The main objective of the study is to assess the self‐esteem of the human resources including future workforce, trainees, managers, and entrepreneurs.

Primary data based on 1,835 respondents were analyzed to compare the self‐esteem of males and females of various categories. Statistical tools such as factor analysis, correlations, analysis of variance, means, grand means, and standard deviations were used for the analysis of the data gathered.

Among all the derived five factors, respondents scored highest on strong belief which indicated the high self‐esteem cognition. Significant differences were found between the various categories of students, managers, entrepreneurs, and trainees. Males and females also differed on certain aspects of self‐esteem. The overall self‐esteem of the sample was found to be marginally positive.

The limitation of the study was that the data were collected from North India only, though they could have been collected from the wider area. Rather it can be extended cross‐culturally so that it may give more generalized conclusions.

Self‐esteem of human resources has managerial and policy implications. Self‐esteem affects the organisational decisions regarding planning and hiring, motivating, retaining, and laying‐off of human resources. High and positive self‐esteem has a positive relationship with job performance, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, need for achievement, self‐perceived competence, self‐image, and success expectancy. Organizations should not only concentrate on hiring and retaining high and positive self‐esteem employees, but also try to maintain the self‐esteem level of the employees. Organisations can enhance employees' self‐esteem by allowing them ample room for self‐determination.

This paper helps in understanding the level of self‐esteem of males and females across categories and resultant behaviour. Inclusion of aspirants along with managers and entrepreneurs will definitely add to the existing knowledge, management theory and practice.

Comparing conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with contemporary Seiford and Zhu model, this study aims to evaluate the technical efficiency (TE) of Indian banks from 1998/99 to 2016/17 in the presence of non-performing loans (NPLs).

To examine TE, this study has considered a novel approach, i.e. linear monotone decreasing transformation as suggested by Seiford and Zhu (2002), which treats undesirable output as a desirable output in the framework of Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR)-based output-oriented DEA approach. In particular, to remove the biasness from the estimated efficiency scores, Simar Wilson (1998, Algorithm #1) has been applied, which is perhaps the first attempt in this kind of literature till now. This study further tries to investigate the notion of sigma and unconditional β-convergence in TE using two-step system generalized method of moments model in dynamic panel framework.

Treatment of NPLs using conventional DEA model misinterprets the TE scores, while a true picture emerges when the NPLs are correctly accounted as an undesirable output in banks’ loans production process. Efficiency has declined during the crisis years, but it recovered immediately after the crisis years in India. However, a sudden and steep deterioration in efficiency scores has been seen from 2013 till the most recent study period. Public sector banks and old private banks have reported higher average efficiency scores than new private banks (NPBs) and foreign banks (FBs) in India. However, FBs are the only commercial banks that maintained their efficiency levels during crisis years in India. This study also saw the persistence and presence of σ-convergence phenomena in TE for Indian banks, reflecting the ability to reach up to “Catch-up” phenomenon owing to the lower dispersion and persistence of convergence in TE by the Indian banks.

The actual efficiency score can only be estimated when the NPL will be considered as an undesirable output rather than a desirable output when designing the loan production process of banks. Although the ownership clusters of all commercial banks in India need to formulate stricter policies to increase the level of assets quality and efficiency, but, NPBs need to pay some more efforts in this direction. This study’s outcome has the potential to provide useful information for regulators and policymakers, which suggests that in which direction or in which clusters improvement are needed to raise the level of asset quality and technical efficiency in the coming years.

For a long time, there has been the existence of trade-offs between researchers, like which is the best model for accounting for NPLs? Traditional or contemporary? Thus, our study aims to add knowledge to the limited stock of NPL modelling in the efficiency literature. Dynamic convergence in TE scores in Indian banks has yet not to be tested, which is another novelty of the study.

The origins of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been widely attributed to the work of scholars, and business managers as well, in North America and Western Europe. Inevitably, however, as the economic interaction of individual firms and entire nations has grown over the past several decades — call it globalization — so too has the concept and the practice of CSR spread throughout the world. It is certainly time to explore how CSR is being incorporated into the practice of business management in other regions and other countries. Therefore, in this chapter we will focus on Asia: specifically on Japan, South Korea, India, and China. It is interesting for academicians to understand how CSR is being absorbed and adapted into the business cultures of these four countries. Perhaps of even greater importance, it is vital that business managers know what to expect about the interaction between business and society as well as the government as their commercial activities grow in this burgeoning part of the world.

For each of these four countries, we will provide an overview of the extent to which CSR has become a part of the academic community and also how it is being practiced and incorporated in everyday management affairs. We will see that there are very significant differences among these countries which lead to the natural question: why? To answer this question, we will use an eight-part analytical framework developed specifically for this purpose. We will look at the history, the dominant religious beliefs, the relevant social customs, the geography, the political structures, the level of economic development, civil society institutions, and the “safety net” of each country. As a result of this analysis, we believe, academicians can learn how CSR is absorbed and spread into commercial affairs, and managers can profit from learning more about what to expect when doing business in this increasingly important region.

The purpose of the paper is to highlight the differences in literacy and schooling attainment among the scheduled tribe women in India.

The paper uses data from the Census of India, Department of Education in India, and National Human Development Report prepared by the Government of India.

The high status of women among the tribal groups in the northeastern states has important effects on the literacy rates, enrollment ratios and dropout rates of girls in that region. High‐poverty rates pose to be significant obstacles in attaining literacy and education among tribal women in India. However, large differences in literacy rates in the various states in India show that social and cultural norms, proximity to the mainstream Hindu culture, and the role of women are also important determinants in achieving literacy among tribal women.

Literacy is considered to be an important tool for improving the status of women among the scheduled tribes. Aggregate statistics often paint a dismal picture of the low‐literacy rates and schooling among the scheduled tribe women. This paper shows that such statistics fail to capture the different trends in literacy rates and value placed in schooling among the various tribal groups in India. Differences in economic, social, and cultural backgrounds among the various tribes need to be emphasized in order to understand the differential nature of investments in literacy rates and schooling among tribal women in India.

Transparency of financial information promotes corporate growth. The purpose of this paper is to concentrate on the need for strengthening the law governing true and fair corporate accounting. The first part of the paper concentrates on nexus between the importance of transparency in accounting embodied under the provisions of the Companies Act in India and in the UK. Second, the paper focuses on the board of director's duty to prevent corporate fraud through proper financial reporting.

The methodology for this study is analytical. Comparative study of the law governing accounting provisions in India and UK is also looked into.

The law governing financial transparancy envisaged under the Companies Act in India makes it obligatory on the part of the companies to disclose the material information relevant to the investors. However, the directors of the company often show an unreal picture of the financial position of the company, so as to retain the existing shareholders and to attract more investors. This can be avoided if the composition of audit committees in the companies includes a few representatives of shareholders who are competent to asses the true and fair view of the company accounts prepared by the auditors.

The focus of this research paper is mainly on the legal regimes and the accounting and auditing provisions of India and the UK.

The paper shows that the Companies Act in India should strengthen the accounting provisions and it should mandate the compulsory observance of accounting standards.

With 43.2 million coronavirus cases and 525,000 deaths in 2022, India ranked second worldwide, after the United States (84.6 million cases and 1 million deaths), according to the latest available June 2022 COVID-19 impact data.

Amid people’s growing mistrust in the government, India’s news media enhanced the nation’s distinguished designation as the world’s largest and most populous democracy. India’s news media inform, educate, empower, and entertain a surging population of 1.4 billion people, which is roughly one-sixth of the world’s people.

Drawing upon the media agendamelding theoretical framework, we conducted a case study research into interplay between two prominent democratic institutions, the media and the government, to analyze the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in redefining India’s networked society.

India’s COVID-19 pandemic aggravated internecine tensions between media and government relating to four key freedom issues: (1) world’s largest COVID-19 lockdown affecting 1.3 billion Indians from March 25, 2020 to August 2020 with extensions and five-phased re-openings, to restrict the spread of COVID-19; (2) Internet shutdowns; (3) media censorship during the 1975–1977 “Emergency”; and (4) unabated murders of journalists in India.

Although the COVID-19 pandemic caused deleterious problems debilitating the tensions between the media and the government, India’s journalists thrived by speaking truth to power. This study delineates key aspects of India’s media agendamelding that explicates how the people of India form their media agendas. India’s news audiences meld media messages from newspapers, television, and social media to form a picture of the issues, insights, and ideas that define their lives and times in the 21st century digital age.

The contribution of this study is both methodological and empirical. It provides a method of estimating preference consistent true cost of living indices and demonstrates the use of unit values (food items), adjusted for quality and demographic effects, as prices. Using NSS data, changes in living standards (measured by per capita real expenditure) in India are examined between 1999/2000 and 2009/2010. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

From the adjusted unit values, “exact” price indices are computed using QAIDS-based preference consistent methods that allow between-item substitution effects and variation across states.

A comparison of the nominal and price deflated real expenditures under alternative temporal price scenario during 1999/2000-2009/2010 shows that the states largely preserve their ranks over the periods, in spite of differential temporal price movement. However, comparison of the nominal and price-deflated real expenditure growth reveals that the rankings are sensitive to the price deflator used.

The results question the wisdom of the treatment of large countries with heterogeneous preferences, e.g. India, as single entities in PPP calculations as in the ICP project. Hence, the results have methodological and empirical implications that extend beyond India.

The study provides evidence on the issue of spatial difference in the temporal movement in prices, where no such evidence exists, and contains the first evidence on living standards in India in the post global financial crisis era. Also, this is the first attempt to base calculation of temporal movement in prices, as measured by the “exact” price indices, on the adjusted unit values of food items.