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This study aims to apply the appreciative inquiry approach (AI) to develop a tourism strategy for poverty alleviation in marginalised communities. The focus is to provide practical insights for leveraging tourism to drive positive socio-economic change for the impoverished, using Rosetta, a port city in Egypt with cultural and historical significance, as a case study.

This qualitative applied study uses the four-D phases of AI and thematic analysis to strategise tourism development in Rosetta. Through interviews, focus groups and field visits, the study identifies tourism potential, stakeholder aspirations and actionable strategies for sustainable development. The approach prioritises a bottom-up, community-centric and stakeholder-involved process, aiming for inclusive and equitable growth.

The study revealed Rosetta’s underutilised tourism potential, emphasising heritage tourism. Although tourism offers some economic benefits, its impact on alleviating poverty in Rosetta remains limited. A holistic strategy for tourism development in Rosetta is proposed for economic growth and poverty reduction, focusing on sustainable management, local empowerment, enhanced marketing, improved infrastructure and diversified tourism offerings.

While AI is not new in qualitative studies, the novelty of this study lies in its application to tourism planning for poverty alleviation in a marginalised community like Rosetta, introducing a comprehensive tourism strategy with an original framework applicable to comparable destinations. The study’s significance is emphasised by providing actionable strategies for policymakers, valuable insights for practitioners and enriching the discourse and methodology on pro-poor tourism for academics, representing a step towards filling the gap between theoretical concepts and practical strategies.

Green tourism and ecotourism have close meanings focusing on environmental factors and are sometimes related to rural tourism in general or a type of ecotourism itself. These forms emerged due to the concerns to protect the environment, and greater consideration has been given to tourism development and the notion that it should be approached carefully in light of recognizing its impacts.

The thematic concepts of green and responsible tourism raised questions about the definitions of both notions and their nexus of sustainability. Thus, the current chapter looks for an overview to understand green and responsible tourism, their emerging, definitions, practices and their role in the current scenario in the post-pandemic era.

In Finland, tourism policymaking is centralised in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, without a specific tourism minister. Tourism policymaking and implementation are much influenced by networks and collaboration of tourism experts on governmental, regional, and local levels. Despite the efforts of involving different stakeholders in tourism policymaking, the process includes wicked problems and occasionally conflicts of interest between the levels. Finnish tourism policymaking relies on various ministries, indirect laws, and working groups on the governmental level; and on regional councils, cities, municipalities, and destination management or marketing organisations (DMO) on the regional level, before reaching the operative level in tourism organisations. At every level, workshops, and other means to engage stakeholders are utilised. On a regional and destination level tourism is governed based on the strategies of each city, municipality, and regional councils, with varying collaboration and stakeholder engagement. The coordinator may be a regional council, DMO, or another stakeholder, such as a cluster of tourism enterprises and institutions of higher education. The different levels of governance are finally followed by enterprises, with their own interests, strategies, and visions. This chapter discusses Finnish tourism policymaking, focussing on the region of Satakunta, the city of Pori, and the Yyteri coastal area. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the strategic decision to focus on developing the Yyteri coastal area to meet the needs of locals and visitors, and how appointing a Senior Advisor for Yyteri beach and coastal area is sought to provide practical improvements also on an enterprise level.

Green destinations are places that are important for the sustainable realization of tourism. In addition to the design of these destinations, the management also emerges as an issue that needs to be emphasized. As a matter of fact, stakeholders and their relations with each other and other issues are an important element in the management of green destinations. In this context, in the study, issues such as management of green destinations, stakeholders, relations between stakeholders, education and green destination management in Türkiye are discussed. Finally, some suggestions have been presented within the framework of the topics discussed.

This study aims to investigate Vietnamese hotel workers’ use of national stereotypes in cross-cultural service encounters. The study extends the existing knowledge on service failures and recovery attempts by illustrating how national stereotypes could inform these decisions through the lens of the script theory.

In this qualitative study, 34 service providers were interviewed about their experience in dealing with guests from different countries in Vietnamese hotels.

Service providers categorised guests based on their countries of origin to predict their behaviour prior to guest arrivals. When the guest’s behaviour matches the expectations, the service encounters went smoothly by following existing scripts. If there is a discrepancy between the guest behaviours and expectations, it could lead to service failure and the need for new scripts. Appropriate interventions in this process could turn anecdotes into accumulated understanding of guest behaviour for better service and guest experience as a new application of national stereotypes.

This study advances cross-cultural service encounter research by integrating national stereotypes and script theory. It sheds new light on how national stereotypes could inform service delivery and recovery attempts in service organisations.

本研究旨在调查越南酒店员工在跨文化服务遭遇中使用民族刻板印象的情况。研究通过脚本理论的视角阐释了国家的刻板印象如何为这些决定提供信息, 扩展了现有的服务失败和恢复尝试的知识。

在这项定性研究中, 采访了34家服务提供商, 了解他们在越南酒店与来自不同国家的客人打交道的经历。

服务提供商根据客人的原籍国对他们进行分类, 以预测他们在客人抵达前的行为。当客人的行为符合预期时, 通过遵循现有脚本, 服务接触会顺利进行。如果客人的行为和期望之间存在差异, 可能会导致服务失败, 并需要新的脚本。作为国家刻板印象的新应用, 在这一过程中进行适当的干预可以将轶事转化为对客人行为的累积理解, 以提供更好的服务和客人体验。

本研究通过整合民族刻板印象和脚本理论, 推进跨文化服务遭遇研究。它揭示了在服务组织中, 国家的刻板印象如何影响服务提供和恢复尝试。

Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar el uso de los estereotipos nacionales por parte de los trabajadores hoteleros vietnamitas en el encuentro intercultural de servicios. El estudio amplía el conocimiento existente sobre los fallos en el servicio y los intentos de recuperación al ilustrar cómo los estereotipos nacionales podrían influir en estas decisiones a través de la teoría del guion.

En este estudio cualitativo, se entrevistó a 34 proveedores de servicios sobre su experiencia en el trato con huéspedes de diferentes países en hoteles vietnamitas.

Los proveedores de servicios clasificaron a los huéspedes en función de sus países de origen para predecir su comportamiento antes de su llegada. Cuando el comportamiento de los huéspedes coincide con las expectativas, los encuentros con el servicio se desarrollaron sin problemas siguiendo los guiones existentes. Si hay una discrepancia entre los comportamientos y las expectativas de los huéspedes, podría provocar un fallo en el servicio y la necesidad de nuevos guiones. Las intervenciones consideradas apropiadas en este proceso podrían convertir las anécdotas en una comprensión acumulada del comportamiento de los huéspedes, lo cual mejoraría el servicio y la experiencia de los huéspedes como una nueva aplicación de los estereotipos nacionales.

Este estudio avanza en la investigación de encuentros de servicio interculturales mediante la integración de estereotipos nacionales y la teoría del guion. Además, arroja nueva luz sobre cómo los estereotipos nacionales podrían influenciar la prestación de servicios y los intentos de recuperación en las organizaciones de servicios.

This study examines the relationship between the emphasis on organic food in Afyonkarahisar's cuisine and the growing demand for healthier and sustainable options. This study aimed to understand the factors influencing the intention to consume organic foods.

This study uses a quantitative research method. It uses scales adapted from previous research to assess the health and safety of organic food's functional, hedonic, and social values. Data were collected using the purposive sampling method, and a sample size of 410 individuals was analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. Measurement and structural models were evaluated to assess validity, reliability, and model fit.

The results indicate that implementing health and safety practices significantly and positively affects perceptions of organic food's functional, hedonic, altruistic, and social values. Additionally, consumers' attitudes toward organic food are greatly influenced by their perceptions of functional and social value, whereas hedonic and altruistic values do not have a significant positive effect.

The results of this study have a beneficial impact on food industry practitioners and policymakers. Emphasizing health and safety practices in producing and promoting organic foods can improve consumer perceptions and attitudes toward organic products. Understanding the importance of practical benefits and social issues can help companies respond effectively to consumer preferences and market organic foods.

This study contributes significantly to the existing literature by investigating the relationship between organic food emphasis and consumer perceptions in the unique context of Afyonkarahisar, a city renowned for its gastronomy. While focusing on Afyonkarahisar provides valuable insights into the specific values that influence consumers' attitudes toward organic food, it is essential to highlight that this research extends beyond the local context to offer broader implications and significance.

Ecotourism has emerged as a new hope of the tourism sector and is expected to overcome past pitfalls of mass tourism. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to assess the potentials and challenges of ecotourism development in the historic and sacred sites of North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.

Data were collected through interview, household questionnaire, field observation and focused group discussion. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 23) and Excel.

Based on household’s perception, churches and monasteries were mentioned as the main (17.58%) ecotourism attractions that have crucial role in ecotourism development in the area followed by biodiversity resources (17.23%) and Holy Water (16.01%). These existing ecotourism potentials and opportunities were discussed on the basis of five dimensions, i.e. historical and sacred attractions, biological attractions, cultural attractions, infrastructures and institutional potentials. The mean score values of a five-point Likert scale level of agreement or disagreement of respondents were between 2 and 4.5, implying overall responses of respondents spread between agree and strongly agree.

The findings reveal that although the historic and sacred sites of the area have potential ecotourism opportunities, different anthropogenic activities are affecting its development. The researchers recommended awareness creation programs, promotion of sites, development of infrastructures, employments of well-trained professionals and allocation of sufficient budgets as a mechanism to use the ecotourism potential and solving the existing challenges.

This study evaluates “the potential role of cultural heritage resources in tourism and community development at Musina Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa.”

Data on the local communities were collected by questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and field observations.

The study revealed a variety of cultural and heritage resources; however, with current fewer implications of tourism welfare on the livelihoods statuses of the communities. Thus, there was a need for a potentially sound tourism strategy in cultural heritage resources to empower the local communities in the study area.

Musina Municipality has some of the most challenging impoverishment attributes within the province, defined by evident poor livelihoods. However, it remarkably possesses rich natural biodiversity and tourism destination areas. In line with the probe on the role of cultural heritage resources in tourism and community development, the study uncovers the values of attributing factors associated with the current nature of social heritage resources and their impacts on tourism and community developments. Issues of heritage and cultural resources on tourism and community development have become of main interest within the tourism industry.

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to explore the potential of regenerative tourism practices and their influence on destinations and their stakeholders from a community development approach focusing on Nordic lifestyle entrepreneurs. We focus on small and micro-sized enterprises (SMiEs) that conform to the realities of tourism systems in Nordic regions.

We explore how community development can be used as an approach for regenerative tourism and vice versa. Our conceptual paper builds from recent work of the Nordic Regenerative Tourism project, which aims to develop place-based practices for SMiEs that contribute to the regeneration of natural and cultural resources.

Regenerative tourism research should focus on developing tools that aid in capacity sharing and equitable partnerships through a community development approach. However, there is a lack of understanding of the processes of how to implement this in real world practice. More research is needed in developing tools to mobilize Nordic communities, particularly within the countryside to help transform tourism towards a regenerative model. It was found that much of these efforts comes from MSMEs. Therefore, more case studies are needed to understand how and why lifestyle entrepreneurs play in community revitalization efforts and the potential linkages with regenerative tourism management and marketing.

This conceptual paper contributes to the discussion of regenerative tourism and focus on smaller countryside communities within the Nordics. We argue that community development is linked with the concept of regenerative tourism through lifestyle entrepreneurs.

The study aims to delve into the influence of tourism on the happiness of city residents, grounded in the overarching concept of livability. It posits that prioritizing residents’ happiness is crucial for effectively addressing cities’ challenges in balancing development and distinctiveness. The study pursues three primary objectives: first, establishing a potential correlation between city tourism and residents’ happiness; second, examining the contributing factors to this correlation and third, identifying potential mediators that influence the connection between tourism development and residents’ happiness.

Using a quantitative single-case design and partial least square analysis, the study underscores the intricate nature of various tourism development components. It specifically explores the roles of cognitive flexibility and social comparison in shaping the relationship between city tourism and happiness.

The findings make a distinctive contribution by revealing that not all tourism domains contribute positively to happiness. Furthermore, it sheds light on how tourism development impacts the emotional and cognitive dimensions of happiness, emphasizing the adverse effects of inequality and feelings of insecurity.

The study acknowledges certain constraints, including its employment of a cross-sectional design, the issue of generalizability, potential sampling bias and the reliance on subjective measurements when evaluating constructs like happiness and satisfaction with life. Using self-reported data introduces susceptibility to social desirability bias and individual perceptual differences, potentially resulting in measurement inaccuracies. Nevertheless, despite these limitations, the study’s findings offer valuable insights that contribute to both theoretical advancement and the realm of urban management.

The findings elucidated through the mediation analyses conducted for hypotheses three to seven shed light on the significant roles played by mental adaptation and social comparison mechanisms in shaping individuals’ happiness. These insights substantially enhance our understanding of this field. Particularly, the dimensions of social and environmental impact within tourism appear to counterbalance the positive effects stemming from the economic and cultural aspects. This suggests a scenario where an excessive focus on tourism development could potentially undermine the overall livability of the city. These outcomes further indicate the necessity for proactive interventions by destination managers. Their efforts should be directed toward enhancing the environmental and social domains, aiming to reinvigorate the sense of community among residents, which appears to be gradually waning.

The outcomes of this study emphasize the utmost significance of prioritizing residents’ happiness above mere considerations of economic growth when formulating efficacious strategies for tourism. By concentrating on the happiness of the local population, a harmonious resonance is established with Sustainable Development Goal 11, which advocates for the creation of habitable cities founded upon the principle that “a city that is not good for its citizens is not good for tourists.” This alignment underscores the interconnected nature of residents’ happiness and the sustainable development of tourism. Moreover, residents’ happiness plays a pivotal role in addressing the challenge that cities face in harmonizing growth and their uniqueness, ensuring competitiveness and sustainability.

The research underscores the need for a people-oriented perspective in urban planning and tourism development initiatives. The study identifies diverse factors impacting residents’ happiness in city tourism, highlighting the complex interplay of environmental, cultural and socioeconomic elements. It emphasizes income’s role but underscores nonmaterial factors and individual preferences. Overall, the study offers timely and valuable insights into the intricate connection between tourism development, residents’ happiness, living conditions and human perception, guiding urban planners and stakeholders.