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Describes research undertaken to assist property companies trying to raise finance and their advisers. The information was obtained from postal questionnaires sent to 530 property development companies and 200 potential providers of property finance. Subjects covered were: the length of the typical term loan, sources of debt, security required, margin over base paid, lending fees incurred and treatment of interest. In each case compares the choice of the companies with what is offered by the lenders.

This paper sets out to evaluate the financial security consequences of the terrorists attack on the USA of 11 September 2001 with specific regard to money laundering.

The study itemises in minute detail the litany of actual and potential financial legislation in the wake of 9/11 in both the USA and the UK.

Basically, the study finds the depriving criminals of the proceeds of their crimes is illusory and ineffectual, since they never have sufficient funds available for confiscation in the first place.

The paper arguably represents the most comprehensive evaluation to date of the financial issues, both real and hypothetical, thrown up on both sides of the Atlantic by the events of 9/11.

The second part of a series that aims to provide an alternative viewpoint about the issues surrounding money laundering.

The paper combines narrative with argument and analysis to look closely at how the present state of the money laundering laws which are currently in force have arisen, to a greater or lesser extent, throughout the world.

No real understanding of this phenomenon can be achieved without understanding the political conflicts which are identified by the US approach to world affairs, and the part that the US currency plays in them, because it is as much the influence of the ex‐patriot US dollar which plays such a significant part in the world of funny money control, as any other aspect.

This comparative study enables readers to see more clearly the intentions behind the thinking (or lack of it) of those who have implemented the legislative changes, as well as their geo‐political ambitions.

The purpose of this paper is to identify ways to reconfigure physical retailing to ensure it maintains a sustainable position within the town centre ecosystem in the twenty-first century. The discussion draws on the evolving service-dominant logic (S-DL) and its service ecosystems perspective and evidence of best practice provided by actors involved in town centre regeneration between 2013 and 2018.

The research adopts a case methodology drawing on data submitted and analysed as part of the Grimsey Review 2, an independent review of the UK town centres. The data set provides examples of good practice sourced from industry leaders, trade bodies, local authorities and extensive social media engagement.

The paper evaluates the response of physical retail through an S-DL and service ecosystem lens. The review of best practice suggests that physical retailers have the best chance of survival if they proactively collaborate with other actors within a wider community hub solution, align their strategic position and operations to a holistic centre place plan and take steps to actively engage operant resources of consumers in creating physical store experiences.

The paper provides an evaluation of best practice in town centre regeneration implemented between 2013 and 2018. The case offers a rich bank of examples, illustrating how physical retailers are responding to the twenty-first-century challenges facing town centres. It makes recommendations for further improvement in the three critical areas identified above.

This paper provides further empirical support for the application of an S-DL and service ecosystem perspective to place marketing. To achieve effective value co-creation, physical retailers need to align themselves more closely with other actors in the system and maximise the potential of operant (and operand) consumer resources.

There are three distinct aspects to the topic of the globalisation of organised crime. First, it allows for or creates a shared world view as to the threats and risks that countries (developed and less developed) face. Secondly, globalisation encourages and facilitates a shared response to these risks. And finally, to the extent that the risks are real/actual, the risks themselves are shared. In specific reference to organised crime, globalisation factors therefore present a socially constructed framework for understanding and defining some activities as both criminal and threatening. These globally shared interpretations lead into the second aspect. Given the agreed nature of transnational organised crime, mechanisms are put in place to press for a uniform response to the threats. The nature of business and finance and the movement of people in a global economy also mean that crime and criminal commodities and criminals move across jurisdictions, making the globe the market — source and demand — for organised crime commodities.

The objective of this paper is to challenge some of the rhetoric pertaining to the “harm” caused by “dirty” money infiltrating into the “legitimate economy.” The arguments regarding the impact of dirty money have been used to justify enhancements to law enforcement powers, and increasingly invasive investigative strategies and intelligence gathering regimes.

The paper reviews the literature pertaining to the intersection between “dirty money” and “legitimate business” and looks at how some of the most notorious criminal operations have been handled by the press and the courts. The paper examines corporate complicity in situations involving premeditated, ongoing criminal conduct and discusses two specific ways in which societies acknowledge and accommodate criminality within the operation of these corporations.

The paper argues that one must never minimize the amount of legitimate business that involves dirty money or uses dirty opportunities or was once dirty and is now legitimate or was legitimate and is now dirty.

The pretense of a clear separation between criminality and corporate operations is “useful” and is occasionally correct – but not as the norm and ought not to be the operating law enforcement expectation.

The paper encourages the reader to question the easily repeated claims about the financial threats from stereotypical forms of “organized crime,” while either dismissing or re‐defining the equally serious, or more serious, activities of professions (lawyers, accountants, bankers, politicians, government officials, corporate CEOs, etc.) operating supposedly legitimately.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of vulnerability studies of economic activities to study the relationship between organised crime and the economy and illustrate it by examples taken from a vulnerability study of the European waste management industry.

Based on both economical and criminological perspectives a scanning tool for assessing the vulnerability of economic sectors was developed and applied to a specific case.

Sector vulnerability studies belong to the wider family of criminal opportunity approaches, all of which aim to identify areas of current risk and future prevention. Sector vulnerability studies (vulnerability to organised crime and other risks) extend the range by bringing in economic sectors. Although starting from the analysis of the formal economy, sector vulnerability studies can provide insights concerning potential irregularities and opportunities for informal economies to flourish as well.

This paper addresses informal markets and the relationship between organised crime and the economy from a vulnerability perspective, focusing on the opportunities provided by licit economic activity. Although such opportunity approaches exist and have been applied to various cases before, there are only a few examples of its application to vulnerabilities to organised crime.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methodological challenges to evaluating one of the 50 vanguard sites of the new care model (NCM) programme for integrated care in England, and make the case for a modified realist approach to this kind of evaluation.

The paper considers three challenges to evaluating the NCM in this particular vanguard: complexity, strategy and rhetoric. It reflects on how the realist approach negotiates these philosophical challenges to delivering integrated care, in order to provide contextualised accounts of who a programme works for, in what context, and why.

The paper argues that, in the case of this particular vanguard site, the tangible benefit of the realist approach was not in providing a firm epistemological basis for evaluation, but rather in drawing out and articulating the ontological rhetoric of such large-scale transformation programmes. By understanding the work of the NCM less as an objective “system”, and more as a dynamic form of persuasion, aimed at securing the “adherence of minds” (Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, 2008, p. 8) in multiple audiences, the paper suggests that realist evaluation can be used to address both the systematic issues and localised successes the NCMs encountered.

The paper identifies a number of aspects of new models of integrated care for evaluators to consider. It offers ways of negotiating the challenges to conventional outcome-focused evaluation, by drawing attention to the need for contextualised, time-situated and audience-sensitive value of NCMs.

Bullying at the school or college level can have much more serious repercussions for students than educators may be aware of. Neuroscience research is suggesting more than ever that traumatic childhood is associated with the theory of vulnerability – in other words, a greater likelihood of psychiatric disorder spanning across a lifetime. This is the heart-wrenching story of the author’s younger sister, for whom racial school bullying at a school in England wreaked havoc. Almost four decades on she is marked by deep, indelible scars. Since the author’s life is inextricably intertwined with hers, this evocative autoethnographic account is the author’s story too.

A variety of materials is available to assist those planning to travel for business or pleasure. Here, Elizabeth Lang evaluates 14 guides that address various areas of need and interest.