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The purpose of this paper is to present the software architecture of the university’s union catalogue in Novi Sad, Serbia. The university’s union catalogue would comprise the collections of 14 academic libraries.

The basis of this paper is a case study of developing a software solution for the union catalogue of the University of Novi Sad in Serbia. The solution principles of object-oriented modelling are applied to describe the software architecture. Specifically, the unified modeling language (UML) component and sequence diagrams are used. The database model is described by using a physical data model.

Through the research of related papers and, taking into consideration the problem of creating a university union catalogue, it is concluded that the best approach is to combine the idea of a virtual and a physical union catalogue. Records are stored in one physical union catalogue, while the holdings data are stored in the local library management systems (LMSs) organized in the form of virtual union catalogues. Because academic libraries often use LMSs from different vendors, interoperable communication between those LMSs and the union catalogue is provided through the usage of standard library protocols for information retrieval (Search and Retrieve URL [SRU], SRU Record Update and NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol [NCIP]).

The development of a union catalogue for the University of Novi Sad is in its test phase, and, at this moment, only a software solution supporting the functionalities of a union catalogue has been created.

By introducing a university union catalogue, students would be able to search the collections of all the university libraries by using a single portal. Their results would indicate whether a book is available and from which library it is available to borrow.

Originality of this software architecture lies in the usage of standard library protocols. The described architecture enables the addition of new members to the university union catalogue, regardless of which LMS the library uses.

The purpose of this paper is to describe a case study of developing a web service that will act as an intermediary between the Audio Library system for the visually impaired and the library management systems. The Audio Library is based on speech recognition and text-to-speech engines and it produces synthesized speech from various electronic materials. It has its own database with a limited number of books and textual materials. Web services described in this paper should enable access to a larger number of electronic resources provided by libraries.

In this paper, the author specified software architecture of a web service analyzing different approaches for search and retrieval.

Web service described in this paper is the first software solution addressing the problem of lending e-books in Serbia. It aggregates collections of different libraries in a single access point for the Audio Library system. In this way, users of the Audio Library system are provided with larger number of electronic resources.

Communication between the Audio Library and this web service is achieved by using standardized protocols for exchanging library data. However, those protocols did not fulfill all necessary requirements, so the authors propose some extensions to overcome those issues.

The purpose of this article is to promote the usage of an open‐source gateway product that will enhance the functionality of a Z39.50 server that is maintained by a third‐party vendor.

The required functionality improvements, needed by the LC Z39.50 server (i.e. the problems LC needed to solve) will be listed and described. Possible approaches to solving the problems will be listed. The selected open‐source gateway product and its features will be described. A possible instance of the product's configuration file will be provided and annotated.

It is possible for many third‐party server problems to be corrected or controlled even if the server application is not accessible by vendor APIs. LC was able to do this by installing the YAZ Proxy, a product that is both a Z39.50‐to‐Z39.50 gateway and an SRU‐to‐Z39.50 gateway. The proxy provides a way to filter and sanitize problematic Z39.50 requests, and it also allows the ILS system server to support retrieval of XML records and to support access via an XML‐based search protocol. Dramatic system performance improvements resulted from the installation of this product.

The paper describes an inexpensive way to provide performance improvements to a ILS system Z39.50 server and to provide enhancements that allow XML retrieval of MARC records and the support of an XML‐based search protocol.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the single point of access to the collections of the European National Libraries via The European Library.

The paper presents a description of The European Library.

The emphasis in this article is on user expectations with regards to access, but more importantly to the content behind the record. It describes how the European Library is responding to these expectations, rather than a general description of developments.

The paper provides a useful overview.

This paper explores the role of union catalogues in inter‐library loans and document delivery and how that role is changing to embrace virtual holdings and electronic document delivery. Figures from the Dutch National Union Catalogue (Nederlandse Centrale Catalogus, NCC) show that, contrary to expectations, physical loans are not decreasing but now comprise over a quarter of interlibrary loan activity. With direct user access, interlibrary loans have become unmediated and numbers of traditional loans and photocopies have steadily increased with a dramatic rise in electronic copy. International interlibrary loans pose technical and logistical problems for union catalogues. From a system viewpoint, it is necessary to integrate ILL systems, local library systems and to determine the end user’s ILL system and rights. EUCAT is an example of a federation of union catalogues. While the technical problems are more or less resolved, libraries still must determine the conditions for international co‐operation.

The aim of the research is modelling and implementation of a client application that enables parallel search and retrieval of bibliographic records from multiple servers. The client application supports simultaneous communication over Z39.50 and SRW/SRU protocols. The application design is flexible and later addition of other communication protocols for search/retrieval is envisioned and supported.

Object‐oriented approach has been used for modelling and implementation of client application. CASE tool, Sybase PowerDesigner, supporting Unified Modelling Language (UML 2.0), was used for modelling. Java programming language and Eclipse environment were used for implementation.

The result of the research is a client application that enables parallel search and retrieval of multiple Z39.50 and SRW/SRU servers. Additionally, the application supports conversion from type‐1 query language, defined by Z39.50 standard, to CQL query language required for search/retrieval from SRW/SRU servers. The application was verified by performing parallel search and retrieval from several publicly accessible Z39.50 and SRW/SRU servers.

The application supports only the use of bib‐1 attribute set for type‐1 queries created according to Z39.50 standard. Hence, only such queries can be converted to CQL notation. The use of other attribute sets is not supported.

The client application is integrated into the BISIS software system, version 4. This enables the cataloguing of bibliographic records retrieved over Z39.50 and SRW/SRU protocol.

The contribution of this work is in client application architecture that enables parallel communication with multiple servers, which can use different communication protocols, Z39.50 or SRW/SRU. Search/retrieval from servers using some other protocol is also supported. This can be achieved by adding new classes that implement protocol specification, and classes for query transformation into notation required by that new protocol, if required.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of eight interoperability protocols within repositories of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) as an introduction to further studies on feasibility of deploying these protocols in upcoming areas of interoperability.

Three surveys of 266 ETD repositories, 15 common ETD management software solutions, and 136 ETD experts were conducted in order to appraise the protocols. These protocols were evaluated in four categories of aggregation, syndication, distributed search, and publishing protocols.

This study revealed that, despite its drawbacks, Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (PMH) is still the most utilized interoperability protocol within ETD providers, ETD software developers, and implementers, followed by ATOM and Object Reuse and Exchange (ORE) protocols. However, in all competitive areas related to performance and functionality, ORE surpasses other protocols. It was also found that the three protocols of ATOM, PMH, and ORE could be used interchangeably in the most used cases of interoperability protocols in repositories.

In this research, a combination of methods was employed to evaluate the status of protocols, from the perspectives of data providers, software providers, and implementers. Practitioners may use these methods to assess other protocols in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

The conduct of this study has involved three types of surveys, through which different aspects of interoperability protocols are evaluated. Prior to the conduct of this study, there has yet any study focusing on the same topic, which has adopted the multi‐method that has been adopted in this study.

The main aim of this paper is to develop a CRIS systems search profile that would enable CRIS users to perform unified and semantically rich search for the records stored in the CRIS systems.

Prior to the search profile construction, diverse representative types of the scientific research data store systems (CRISs, digital libraries, institutional repositories, and search portals) were analyzed versus available search modes, indexes and query types.

The new SRU/W standard based search profile (CRIS profile) for the purpose of searching scientific research data was proposed, that supports search for all types of data identified through an exhaustive analysis covering all major scientific and research data store systems.

Constraints of the proposed profile could appear from the fact that data identified in analyzed systems do not comprise all scientific research data recognized by CERIF standard which, in turn, could call for the profile extension.

Search profile has been verified on the data in the existing CRIS systems at the University of Novi Sad. The CRIS search profile enables unified and semantically rich search for the data stored in heterogeneous distributed scientific research data store systems.

The new SRU/W-based search profile extensively supports the search domain of scientific research data in CRIS systems. Commitments to SRU/W and CQL standards enable interoperability among heterogeneous, distributed scientific research data sources.

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a solution for data interoperability between library programs in Iran.

The research proceeded through expressing the essence of interoperability in library programs in order to exchange metadata, In this regard, the current situation is analyzed using a researcher‐made checklist, and then the problems and shortcomings are highlighted in the field of the interoperability which in turn enables us to find some ways to overcome them.

The majority of the library software in Iran do not respect data exchange. They mostly use ISO 2709 as an export format and rarely use other formats. Moreover, most of the library software use Z39.50 client to get information from Library of congress and also Iranian National Library. Therefore, none of them could exchange data between each other because of not using server side service. The proposed model tries to introduce harvesting metadata by OAI service provider and also searching the metadata records by SRU client‐server model.

The findings indicate that Iranian libraries should be aware of the essence of interoperability. Using the proposed model would help them to exchange metadata in a cost‐efficient and cost‐effective manner.

The purpose of this paper is to present a process, as a proof-of-concept, that automates the tracking of updates to name authority records (NARs), the downloading of revised NARs into local catalog system, and subsequent bibliographic file maintenance (BFM), in response to the programmatic manipulation of the Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF).

A proof-of-concept process to automate NAR updates and BFM in local catalog, using OCLC LCNAF SRU Service, MARCEdit, XSLT, and AutoIt, is built and subsequently tested using data from both test and production catalog servers at Michigan State University Libraries.

The proof-of-concept process tested is proved to be successful in general though scalability and diacritics issues have to be addressed before it can become fully operational in a production environment.

This process enables libraries, especially those without third-party authority control service, to handle the phased reissuance of LCNAF and related BFM in an automatic fashion with minimal human intervention.