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Blockchain is a disruptive technology enabling distributed, encrypted, smart and secure peer-to-peer transactions. The fragmented nature of the tourism industry with a high number of contracts and transactions between several parties has security issues, disputes and delay. Although these motivate the use of blockchain, scholars have barely begun to systematically assess the value proposition of blockchain in the hospitality and tourism industry. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts, opportunities and challenges of blockchain in the tourism and hospitality sector. The authors present early use cases of blockchain in the tourism industry.

The authors conducted a multiple case-study approach and grounded this study based on the technology acceptance management literature with context-specific variables that are pivotal to the study of this topic.

This paper outlines the useful features of blockchain in the tourism industry in seven major streams and raises four future research questions. This review will enable hypotheses to be set out for consumers and producers involved in tourism to uncover potential motives and barriers to embracing blockchain.

Blockchain is a relatively new technology, and given that all use cases are limited to the proof of concept and have not been fully adopted by the industry, empirical assessment of case studies is not feasible yet.

As blockchain is becoming more known and used in the tourism industry, there is a need to identify challenges, issues and concerns relevant for this industry moving forward. This paper fulfils this need and provides directions for future research.

区块链是一种颠覆性技术, 使P2P交易分布化、加密化、智能化、以及安全化。旅游业分散的属性, 不同群体之间有着很多频繁的合同和交易, 使得其行业有着安全隐患、争论、以及延迟。这些属性都促使其使用区块链技术, 然而学者们还未曾系统化地审视区块链在酒店和旅游业中的具体价值。本论文旨在分析旅游和酒店产业中的区块链影响、机会和挑战。我们展示了旅游业早期使用的区块链案例进行说明。

我们采用多个案例分析的方式, 以及将我们的分析基于技术接受管理文献, 以及审视一些针对我们的研究课题至关重要的具体背景下的多个变量。

研究结果展示了区块链技术在旅游行业中的7大主要分支, 以及提出了针对未来研究的问题。本论文还提出了针对旅游消费者和提供商家的多个假设, 以揭示采用区块链的潜在动机和障碍。

区块链是相对较新的技术, 由于所有案例都局限于概念层面, 并未完全被产业所采纳, 针对案例的实际分析尚未可能。

由于区块链正在被旅游市场渐渐熟知和使用, 对其的挑战、潜在问题、以及考量等的认知, 将有利于产业的推进。本论文正是应市场需求而生的, 对未来研究有着启示作用。

This paper seeks to revisit the highly debated trade‐growth hypothesis by considering the effects of trade and output volatility on the relationship between trade and economic growth.

The relationship is modeled by testing for the existence of output and trade (export and imports separately) using the conditional variances of the variables and then specifying an autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (ARCH) process in a vector error correction model.

Using Singapore as a case study, the paper finds the two‐way relationship between export growth and trade‐adjusted GDP growth is robust even after controlling for the effects of income and export volatility. In addition, neither trade nor GDP volatility bears any impact on the bi‐directional causality between imports and unadjusted GDP growth thereby highlighting the crucial role of imports as intermediate inputs and embodying foreign technology in promoting economic growth. There is also evidence that output volatility impedes output and trade growth, while trade volatility exerts a negative influence on the trade‐adjusted income growth.

Ignoring the presence of trade and output volatility in modeling the trade‐growth relationship provides biased empirical results which have serious implications for trade‐oriented growth strategies that policy makers cannot afford to ignore.

This is the first attempt to explicitly model output, export and import volatility in empirically testing the trade‐growth hypothesis. Second, the robustness of the hypothesis is also tested by considering GDP and non‐trade GDP as it has been argued that use of GDP may lead to the problems of simultaneity and specification bias since exports and imports are themselves a component of GDP.

Although an East Asian miracle, Singapore has been singled out for experiencing insignificant total factor productivity (TFP) growth, thereby reflecting limited potential for long‐term growth. Examines the validity of this statement for the services sector, which is an important engine of growth for Singapore. This is done using panel data with a stochastic frontier model, which, unlike the conventional growth accounting model used by previous studies, not only decomposes output growth into input growth and TFP growth but further decomposes TFP growth into technological progress and changes in technical efficiency. In addition, the stochastic frontier model incorporates the more realistic non‐neutral shifting production frontier, as opposed to the commonly assumed Hicks‐neutral production technology underlying a production function.

This paper seeks to examine the impact of various socio‐economic factors on the viability of sugar production by focusing on the technical efficiency of farm performance.

The examination is undertaken by empirically estimating the random coefficient production frontier using farm level data. The paper uses Fiji as a case study.

In general, farmers produced 25 per cent less than their potential output. Among the farm inputs, land (labour) was the most (least) efficiently used input. Empirical evidence also suggests that large‐scale farming should be seriously considered by amalgamating land leases. Lastly, sugar reform can be successful with the use of appropriate best farming techniques to improve cane yield, and if there is successful expansion of sugar‐related products.

This is the first attempt to estimate the random coefficient frontier model that enables the examination of overall technical efficiency of the farm as well as input‐specific technical efficiency for improved policy formulation.

Peer-to-peer accommodation (P2PA) has witnessed remarkable growth across the globe recently. However, acceptance of P2PA among residents in developing economies is still fraught with several challenges. The paper aims to extend the constraint–negotiation framework to examine the motivations, perceived constraints, negotiation strategies and the role of learned helplessness of local residents to host tourists.

The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire by using cluster random sampling technique. In total, 454 usable questionnaires were collected through on-site research. The structural model was tested by using survey data by applying PLS-SEM 4.0.

The results suggest that while perceived constraints can inhibit residents from hosting, negotiation strategies can reduce helplessness and encourage residents to host tourists.

Theoretically, this study advances P2PA literature by integrating learned helplessness in the constraint–negotiation framework and it offers insights for the P2PA providers as well as policymakers.

This is a pioneering study to examine the role of learned helplessness using constraint–negotiation framework in the context of P2PA, thus paving the way to advance P2PA-related research from the residents’ perspective.