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Rapid tooling has numerous advantages when prototyping injection molded components, but the effects of the tooling on the resulting part properties are often overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to consider the effect of tooling on the final part properties and morphology.

Digital polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) tooling and aluminum tooling were used to mold test specimens from isotatic polypropylene (iPP). Tensile behavior, impact strength, shrinkage, surface roughness and porosity were evaluated for both sets of samples. Additionally, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were used to assess the crystallinity of the samples.

Characterization of the molded parts showed that slower cooling rates in the Digital ABS inserts promoted the formation of ß-PP, while this crystal structure was not found in the parts molded using aluminum tooling. Additionally, parts molded on the digital ABS inserts exhibited higher mold shrinkage and SEM images identified microscopic shrinkage voids within the material. The change in morphology and the presence of voids significantly affected the tensile behavior with the parts molded in Digital ABS, which broke with little cold drawing and exhibited higher tensile moduli and higher yield strengths.

The results show that the choice of rapid tooling technique plays an important role on determining the properties of the final parts.

Previous studies have not characterized the effect of rapid tooling on the morphology of the molded articles fully or over a variety of processing conditions. This study builds on prior work by using both WAXS and DSC to characterize morphological changes over a wide range of processing conditions and comparing results to mechanical property and shrinkage data.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate connections and overlaps between health lean management (HLM) and clinical risk management (CRM) understanding whether and how these two approaches can be combined together to pursue efficiency and patient safety improvements simultaneously.

A systematic literature review has been carried out. Searching in academic databases, papers that focus not only on HLM, but also on clinical errors and risk reduction, were included. The general characteristics of the selected papers were analysed and a content analysis was conducted.

In most of the papers, pursing objectives of HLM and CRM and adopting tools and practices of both approaches, results of quality and, particularly, of safety improvements were obtained. A two-way arrow between HLM and CRM emerged but so far, none of the studies has been focused on the relationship between HLM and CRM.

Results highlight an emerging research stream, with many useful theoretical and practical implications and opportunities for further research.

The purpose of this paper is to accelerate research related to the employee-facets of service management by summarizing current developments in multiple research streams, providing propositions, and articulating new directions for theory and empirical inquiry.

Seven scholars provide short reviews of the core topics and findings from four employee-related research streams – collective turnover, service climate, emotional labor, and occupational stress; and generate propositions to guide future theoretical and empirical work. Four distinguished service scholars – David Bowen, Ray Fisk, Christian Grönroos, and Jochen Wirtz comment upon these research streams and provide future directions for accelerating employee-related research in service management.

All four research-streams yield insights that have the potential to advance service management research. Commentaries from the distinguished scholars further integrate this work with key concerns within service management including technology-enablement, transformative services, and service strategy.

This paper is unique in its scope of coverage of management topics related to service and its aim to promote interdisciplinary dialog between service management scholars and researchers conducting employee-related research relevant to services.

In this study a simple meal was prepared from raw chicken and lettuce in a manner which incorporated examples of common food hygiene malpractice. Prior to meal preparation, the chicken was inoculated with varying levels of Salmonella Typhimurium. The spread of microbial contamination (total viable counts, Enterobacteraceae counts and the presence of Salmonella species) from the chicken to sites in the kitchen was traced. Results indicate how easily bacterial contaminants from food may be spread around a kitchen. Levels of contamination on foods ready for consumption and in areas considered clean after washing up and wiping surfaces are established. These indicate that contaminants are unlikely to be removed from some sites unless cleaning procedures are rigorous.

This paper aims to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computer-aided design/3D printing technology to design and fabricate a drill guide template for access cavity preparation of permanent molars, and conduct a preliminary evaluation of its effectiveness.

CBCT scans were performed on two permanent maxillary first molars extracted due to periodontitis. Based on the scans, guide templates of access cavities were designed. The angle of the guiding cylinders was determined based on the direction of the long axis of the tooth. A 3D resin printer with high resolution was used to print the guide templates. The printed guide templates were used by a dentist with specialized clinical experience to perform access cavity preparation in a dental simulator. Then the prepared access cavities were scanned again by CBCT, and scan data were compared to the design data.

The 3D printed drill guide template had a close fit with the extracted tooth fit. The access cavity prepared using the guide template enabled the removal of the pulp chamber roof, and formed a straight-line access. Points were selected for measurement at regularly spaced intervals of 0.5 mm along the side wall of the access cavity. The mean deviation between the actual access cavities of the two permanent maxillary first molars and the designed cavities was less than 0.1 mm, with a maximum deviation of about 0.5 mm, showing a good conformance between the actual cavity and the designed cavity.

A drill guide template was designed and fabricated by 3D printing technology, which easily guided burs to complete the access cavity preparation work forming an ideal cavity shape with satisfying accuracy, and thus may reduce the complications during pulp chamber entry.

Despite widespread professional support for school sex education, there is little evidence about its effects on sexual behaviour. This article describes a project to evaluate rigorously the potential of teacher‐delivered sex education to reduce sexual risk taking. SHARE (Sexual Health and Relationships: Safe, Happy and Responsible) is a 20‐lesson course for 13‐15‐year‐olds designed according to the best educational theories and practices, and incorporating insights from recent social science research on young people’s sexual behaviour. The programme is underpinned by a five‐day teacher training course and is now being evaluated through a randomized controlled trial involving 25 Scottish schools that have been allocated either to deliver SHARE, or to continue with their existing sex education programmes. The impact of SHARE will be assessed in terms of pupils’ greater skills to negotiate sexual encounters and reduced sexual risk taking.

This study aims to determine how to influence the customer journey of mobile food ordering applications (MFOAs) users. It researches how available information could influence customers’ intention to use MFOAs platforms in the prepurchase stage and explores the potential of personalized information to improve customer satisfaction with these services in the postpurchase stage.

This research followed a mixed design, combining qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (online survey) research and using both content analysis and partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Two types of available information (firm-generated information and online customer reviews) had a positive influence on the behavioral intention to use MFOAs. Additionally, findings showed that different web personalization strategies, namely, content personalization, functional personalization and system-driven personalization, were useful tools to create customer satisfaction with this type of platform.

The study discusses limitations regarding the sample and sampling process, indicator variables and measures.

The present research provides actionable insights for online food delivery providers.

This study addresses a research gap in the literature and provides a novel and richer understanding of customer behavior toward mobile food delivery platforms. Also, it adds to the personalization research by identifying and testing a range of web personalization strategies.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of communication channels on communication style and information quality as perceived by loyalty program members.

An online survey was utilized to collect data, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the study hypothesis.

Study results indicated that the choice of a communication channel has a significant impact on the perceived communication style and information quality.

The use of an online survey restricted the ability to generalize findings beyond those that use the internet. Replicating this study in other areas where customers seek information outside of loyalty programs would provide valuable insight into the impact of communication channels on communication style and perceived quality of communication.

Communication style and information quality have been shown to impact customer loyalty. The results of this study indicate that the type of communication channel used impacts style and information quality, and thereby loyalty.

Executives should use these research findings as a guide to how they should structure and maintain relationships with their loyalty members.

This manuscript provides executives with a taxonomy of the tools and channels available for communicating information to loyalty program members.

The political campaigns of Una Clarke and Major Owens show an interesting display of ethnic politics. In this paper, I argue that the presence of a Caribbean population in Brooklyn New York presents itself as a challenge to the already present African-American structure. The Caribbean politicians do not subscribe nor fully ally with the African-American politicians, and instead, seek to carve out a niche for themselves and utilize their ties to home in an effort to cajole the Caribbean populace for support. Through the purview of a political campaign in Brooklyn between an African-American incumbent and a Caribbean insurgent, I attempt to contribute to the transnationalist literature through illustrating the concept of the nation−state, which can be explained as an immigrant’s continual bond to their home country while living abroad.

Digital supply chain (DSC) is an agile, customer-driven and productive way to develop different forms of returns for companies and to leverage efficient approaches with emerging techniques and data analytics. Though the advantages of digital supply chain management (DSCM) are many, its implementation is quite slow for several reasons. The purpose of this paper is to identify the major barriers which hinder the adoption of DSC and to analyse the interrelationship among them. The barriers of DSC are explored on the basis of existing literature and experts’ opinion.

This paper uses the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach to develop a hierarchical structural model which shows the mutual dependence among the barriers of DSC. Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification analysis was performed to represent these barriers graphically on the basis of their driving power and dependence.

The research demonstrates that the barriers “no sense of urgency”, “lack of industry specific guidelines”, “lack of digital skills and talent” and “high implementation and running cost” are the most significant barriers to digital transformation of supply chain. This paper also suggests some managerial implications to overcome the barriers which hinder the implementation of digital transformation of supply chain.

This paper assists managers and policymakers to understand the order in which these barriers must be tackled and adopts a roadmap for successful implementation of DSCM and reap its benefits.

This is one of the initial research studies which has analysed the barriers of DSC using ISM approach.