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The purpose of this research is to perform instrumental comparison of hand parameters of knitted fabrics produced from different biodegradable fibres and to analyze peculiarities of hand parameters' extent influenced by fabric structure and chemical softening.

The hand of five types of different biodegradable fabrics was evaluated. Experiments were performed using a method based on the principle of specimen biaxial punching deformation when a disc‐shaped specimen is extracted through a round nozzle. The Influence of fabric weave (terry and plain jersey) and finishing (padding with the silicone softener “Belfasin SI”) on the fabric hand was investigated.

Investigations have shown that weave type and finishing significantly influenced fabric hand properties. It was also stated that even tenuous differences between fabric parameters could be obtained by one numeral value of complex hand rate Q.

Experiments have shown that KTU–Griff–Tester is a simple, reliable instrumental device suitable to obtain quantitative information about fabric mechanical properties. Evaluation of finishing influence on a fabric hand could be precisely expressed by one parameter Q.

In the present research quantitative evaluation of new fabrics from biodegradable fibres hand was performed. Comparison between new biodegradable and traditional cotton fabrics has shown that new biodegradable fibres which are generally used for underwear, sportswear and for medical application are characterized by soft hand, as a result a good affinity with skin.

This paper aims to investigate the role of shapes of containers (nine different containers) on entropy generation minimization involving identical cross-sectional area (1 sq. unit) in the presence of identical heating (isothermal). The nine containers are categorized into three classes based on their geometric similarities (Class 1: square, tilted square and parallelogram; Class 2: trapezoidal type 1, trapezoidal type 2 and triangular; Class 3: convex, concave and curved triangular).

Galerkin finite element method is used to solve the governing equations for a representative fluid (engine oil: Pr = 155) at Ra = 10³–10⁵. In addition, finite element method is used to solve the streamfunction equation and evaluate the entropy generation terms (S_ψ and S_θ). Average Nusselt number ( Nub¯) and average dimensionless spatial temperature ( θ^) are also evaluated via the finite element basis sets.

Based on larger Nub¯, larger θ^ and optimal S_total values, containers from each class are preferred as follows: Class 1: parallelogrammic and square, Class 2: trapezoidal type 1 and Class 3: convex (larger θ^, optimum S_total) and concave (larger Nub¯). Containers with curved walls lead to enhance the thermal performance or efficiency of convection processes.

Comparison of entropy generation, intensity of thermal mixing ( θ^) and average heat transfer rate give a clear picture for choosing the appropriate containers for processing of fluids at various ranges of Ra. The results based on this study may be useful to select a container (belonging to a specific class or containers with curved or plane walls), which can give optimal thermal performance from the given heat input, thereby leading to energy savings.

This study depicts that entropy generation associated with the convection process can be reduced via altering the shapes of containers to improve the thermal performance or efficiency for processing of identical mass with identical heat input. The comparative study of nine containers elucidates that the values of local maxima of S_ψ (S_ψ,max), S_θ (S_θ,max) and magnitude of S_total vary with change in shapes of the containers (Classes 1–3) at fixed Pr and Ra. Such a comparative study based on entropy generation minimization on optimal heating during convection of fluid is yet to appear in the literature. The outcome of this study depicts that containers with curved walls are instrumental to optimize entropy generation with reasonable thermal processing rates.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of assembly type on the hand property of the polyester-knitted materials containing different amounts of elastane fibre.

The hand property of control textile materials specimens as well as assembled ones applying both adhesive bonding and sewing was evaluated analysing the typical pulling curves as well as the individual hand parameters, which were determined using the device KTU-Griff-Tester. The complex hand criterion Q was calculated for the complete assessment of both textiles and their assemblies’ hand by one numeral value.

It was shown that the fabric structure and assembly type have a significant influence on the knitted materials hand property. The complex hand criterion Q varied from 0.068 to 0.186, depending on the material structure, and it was decreased up to 42.6 per cent due to textile assemblies.

The determined research results are significant not only for clothing science but also leads to the improvement in clothing quality in fashion industry suggesting more ergonomic and original constructional decisions for clothes’ design, selection of most suitable assembly type and its place in overall garment area, which is very important for the development process of the slim fitted sportswear featuring with a very complicated construction, usually worn under intensive body movements causing rubbing effect to the skin.

Knitted fabrics should not only be elastic but also have perfect hand, thus making them to feel comfortable. But hand property of assembled textiles had not been investigated previously. Novelty and originality of this research was the objective and simple evaluation of the hand property for both knitted materials and their assemblies taking into account the overall skin sensorial comfort of a garment.

This paper indicates that most of fuzzy translating rules for a fuzzy conditional proposition “If x is A then y is B” with A and B being fuzzy concepts can lead to very reasonable consequences which fit our intuition with respect to several criteria such as modus ponens and modus tollens. Moreover, it is shown that a syllogism holds for most of the methods under the new compositions, though they do not always satisfy the syllogism under the max‐min composition.

Spark ignition (SI) engines are used in a wide area in the transportation industry, from road vehicles to piston-prop aircraft. On the other hand, the decrease in reserves of fossil fuels used in SI engines and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions makes the use of alternative fuels inevitable. In this paper, optimization of in-cylinder combustion and engine performance parameters by intake-charge conditions [i.e. intake-air temperature, injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)] in a hydrogen (H₂)-fueled small SI engine is performed.

Experimental studies were performed at a 1,600 rpm engine speed of a single-cylinder, air-cooled engine having a stroke volume of 476.5 cm³, maximum output power of 13 HP and torque of 25 Nm. The hydrogen-fueled SI engine was operated by a lean air-fuel mixture (ϕ = 0.6) under wide-open throttle (WOT) conditions.

The findings of the paper show that improvements can be achieved in in-cylinder combustion, indicated engine performance, exhaust NO_x emissions with optimum intake-air temperature, the start of H₂ injection and the ERG rate.

It has been determined that a 32°C intake-air temperature, 395°C (bTDC) start of H₂ injection, and 5%–10% EGR rates are the most suitable values for the examined hydrogen fueled SI engine.

Hydrogen is a usable alternative fuel for SI engines used in a wide area from road vehicles to piston-prop aircraft engines. However, a number of problems remain that limit hydrogen fueled SI engines to some extent, such as backfire, a decrease of engine power, and high NO_x emissions. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine the effects of intake-charge conditions on in-cylinder combustion, engine performance, and NO_x emissions parameters in a hydrogen fuelled SI engine.

An efficient method utilizing a “max‐pro” optimum scheme for solving the “max‐min” decision function in a fuzzy optimization environment. The proposed method significantly simplifies the “max‐min” optimum solving problem, especially in the case when the number of objectives and constraints is large. Presents illustrative examples. The technique may also have valuable applications in solving general optimization problems with a piecewise‐smoothed objective function.

Discussions of political ethics, and of the problem of dirty hands, often cite Max Weber’s comments on these subjects, especially as presented in “Politics as a vocation”. Offers an interpretation of Weber’s views by explaining why he focused on the political leader as the proper subject of political morality, why he deemed certain personal qualities essential to responsible leadership, how he conceived the relationship between ethics and politics, and why he believed the problem of dirty hands to be both inescapable and unresolvable. Advances the central claims that Weber conceived political ethics as the attempt to reconcile ethical with political duties, and dirty hands as the inevitable accompaniment of political action because of its unavoidable association with violence and the partiality of its ends.

The disjunctive graph is a network representation of the job‐shop scheduling problem, while the longest path problem (LPP) is one of the most important subjects in this research field. This paper aims to study the special topological structure of the disjunctive graph, and proposes a suite of quick value‐setting algorithms for solving the LPPs commonly encountered in job‐shop scheduling.

The topological structure of the disjunctive graph is analyzed, and some properties and propositions regarding LPPs are presented. Subsequently, algorithms are proposed for solving LPPs encountered in job‐shop scheduling.

The proposed algorithms significantly improve the efficiency of the shifting‐bottleneck procedure, making it practicable to realise real‐time scheduling and hence effective operations of modern manufacturing systems.

The paper demonstrates that it is possible to develop very efficient algorithms by imposing a special topological structure on the network.

A necessary preprocessing of document classification is to label some documents so that a classifier can be built based on which the remaining documents can be classified. Because each document differs in length and complexity, the cost of labeling each document is different. The purpose of this paper is to consider how to select a subset of documents for labeling with a limited budget so that the total cost of the spending does not exceed the budget limit, while at the same time building a classifier with the best classification results.

In this paper, a framework is proposed to select the instances for labeling that integrate two clustering algorithms and two centroid selection methods. From the selected and labeled instances, five different classifiers were constructed with good classification accuracy to prove the superiority of the selected instances.

Experimental results show that this method can establish a training data set containing the most suitable data under the premise of considering the cost constraints. The data set considers both “data representativeness” and “data selection cost,” so that the training data labeled by experts can effectively establish a classifier with high accuracy.

No previous research has considered how to establish a training set with a cost limit when each document has a distinct labeling cost. This paper is the first attempt to resolve this issue.

Asserts that one of the main stumbling blocks to continuous improvement is the fact that management has the authority to improve the process but is blind to the problems, and the employees have knowledge of the problems but are powerless to improve them. Contends that the use of teamwork and empowerment can be used to change all this. Suggests steps to empowerment. Contends empowerment will encourage people to participate in making decisions and improvements. Empowerment unleashes the real potential that gives continuous improvement its strength: the genuine enthusiasm of all employees to work together to improve the business.