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This paper aims to identify and test four competing models with the interrelationships between students’ perceived service quality, students’ satisfaction, loyalty and motivation using structural equation modeling (SEM), and to select the best model using chi-square difference (Δχ2) statistic test.

The study uses survey research design to gather data regarding attitudes of students about quality of services and their level of satisfaction, motivation and loyalty. A total of 1,439 valid questionnaires were collected from four public universities in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, and the relationships between four variables using SEM are tested.

The structural model with direct and indirect relationships between the constructs proves as a best among the competing models. The result supported direct effect of students’ perceived service quality on students’ satisfaction and motivation; and indirect effect on students’ loyalty. Implications and research contributions are discussed and directions for further research are indicated.

The study considers the examinations of the simple bivariate relationships between service quality, satisfaction, motivation and loyalty may mask or overstate their true relationships due to omitted variable bias. Structural theory with simultaneous measurement of the direct and indirect relationships between students’ perceived service quality, satisfaction, motivation and loyalty adds a unique contribution to the existing field of knowledge, especially higher education sector.

The results of SEM show that the service quality is a key antecedent to students’ satisfaction, loyalty and motivation. Motivating students for present and future studies with better participation in the process is important to increase quality and efficiency in their output. The best services also make students loyal to the institution. The findings suggested that it would be worthwhile for university’s administration to make proper allocation of resources, to provide better educational services. It is believed that this study has a significant competence for engendering more precise applications related to quality of services, especially concerning students’ satisfaction, loyalty and motivation.

The research provides significant insights and demonstrates good understanding of students’ perceived service quality in the context of Indian universities. The changing nature and need of higher education services and increase in competitive intensity necessitates higher performance levels in the realm of Indian higher education (universities). The study identified that students’ perceived service quality is a key antecedent to students’ satisfaction, motivation and loyalty, which conveys that service quality is an important construct.

Several points are addressed based on the models identified in the study. First, there is sufficient evidence of a significant bivariate relationship between service quality, satisfaction, loyalty and motivation. Second, although service quality is an important determinant of loyalty, the exact nature of this relationship remains unresolved. Third, it is evident that very few studies have investigated multiple direct links between service quality, satisfaction, motivation and loyalty. Further, there is no reported investigation of whether any or all of these variables directly and indirectly influence loyalty when the effects of service quality, satisfaction, motivation are simultaneously considered in Indian higher education sector. Therefore, to present a more pragmatic picture of these relationships, the study identified the “collective model” that investigates the underlying relationships that exist among these constructs.

The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic framework for maintenance and refurbishment in domestic housing sector for utilising BIM processes, which tackles ageing housing stock and allows for sustainability improvements, and carbon footprinting.

The methods used consisted using modern technology currently used in the built environment sector, and applying them to BIM framework. The BIM implementation covered both technical and social implications, and appraisal of different approaches needed to make the framework effective within the housing sector.

The study revealed that there are many modern approaches for a BIM framework in relation to maintenance and refurbishment, and a possible strategic BM approach largely used in new built sector can be applied to domestic building to achieve effective modern asset management. This makes the housing stock easier to manage as well as addressing vital issues such as carbon footprint, and excessive energy wasted on inefficient buildings envelopes.

Further testing and adoption of the approach and model proposed, will result in greater acceptance of BIM for housing management and greater realisation of benefits.

A potential model that can be used and applied to domestic housing sector as a result of this research.

Demonstration of a road map for BIM applications within the maintenance and refurbishment for housing stock is currently under researched, and the findings aimed to address such a gap. This can in turn shift the focus of BIM towards asset management and building performance rather than just new build.

Integrating the two‐system (reflective vs. impulsive) model and the “stimulus‐organism‐response” framework, the purpose of this paper is to construct and empirically test a model that examines online impulse buying as a phenomenon triggered by system design factors.

A laboratory experimental design with a 2×2 full factorial design involving 151 undergraduate students was used to validate the effects of system design stimuli on online impulse buying. Interactivity and vividness, two design factors, were manipulated and a fictitious VCD movie store was created, with four storefronts representing each combination of treatments.

A compelling and sociable virtual experience as conceptualized with telepresence and social presence has a significant effect on buying impulses over and above traditional marketing/product stimuli. Such virtual experience can be created through the usage of interactive and vivid website features. Furthermore, cognition positively moderates the relationship between buying impulse and the actual purchasing behavior.

The findings provide valuable guidance in website design that can stimulate online impulse buying. The results also indicate the importance of providing cognitive intervention at the purchasing stage.

A significant extension of the “stimulus‐organism‐response” framework is to introduce presence as the system stimulus that captures the overall virtual experience and to specify the associated design features; i.e. interactivity and vividness. By incorporating the two‐system model, this study offers a theoretical underpinning of the role of cognitive processing in impulse buying.

To study the dynamic relationship between saving‐investment in Greece during a period of structural changes with policy regime changes employing different methods of estimation.

Different empirical methods are used to estimate the time varying savings retention coefficient. A recursive OLS, rolling OLS, Kalman filter estimator and Markov switching regime modeling (MS‐R) are applied which have the advantage to capture the dependence structure of the series both in terms of constant and variance.

The empirical evidence suggests that the degree of correlation between saving and investment weakens during financial liberalization periods.

Conclusions drawn from this analysis could be useful for the analysis of other medium‐sized economies.

The paper employs four different estimation models to test the stability of the estimated coefficient. The MS‐R is used, for the first time, to take into account the policy regime changes during the estimation period.

This paper aims to examine diners’ luxury restaurant consumption behavior by incorporating diner expectations into a modified Mehrabian–Russell model. Consumers dine at luxury restaurants for reasons beyond fulfilling basic needs. However, little is known about the factors that contribute to diners’ emotions and loyalty toward luxury restaurants.

To examine the proposed six hypotheses, qualitative and quantitative studies were performed. Following exploratory qualitative research, 310 consumers who dined at Taiwan’s five-star hotel restaurants were recruited for the main study. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The results show that restaurants’ stimuli influence diners’ positive and negative emotions (organisms), which, in turn, affect their loyalty toward luxury restaurants (responses). Furthermore, customers with different levels of expectation react differently to stimuli.

This study offers new empirical support for the proposition that diner expectation plays a role in building customer loyalty and, thereby, shades both theoretical and managerial understanding of the luxury restaurant consumption process.

This study conceptualizes diners’ loyalty toward luxury restaurants (e.g. revisiting and recommending luxury restaurants) by examining the influence of restaurants’ stimuli, diners’ emotions and customers’ expectations toward luxury restaurants. Additionally, this study offers some managerial implications for practitioners.

The facility in an emergency system could be immobilized because of the huge destructive power of an irregular emergency and the uncertainty of the time, place and scale of occurrence. So facility failure scenarios must be considered at the time of location. The purpose of this paper is to establish a location model based on the worst facility failure, the objective of which is to minimize the cost and cover the demand maximally. It is demonstrated that location choice, considering facility failure, has significant meaning when considering economic benefit and covering the demand.

A bi‐level programming model which studies the facility location is established by using the methods of scenario analysis and robust optimization. It is compared with a classic location model, without considering facility failure, from the points of view of economic benefit and maximal covering demand.

Compared to the classic location model, without considering facility failure, it is demonstrated that the location model which considers facility failure can save more costs from the economic benefit point of view and, from the maximal covering of the demand point of view, has a higher covering ratio. So facility failure scenario should be considered in the location of an emergency facility.

The paper studies facility location based on the worst scenario, from the two aspects of economic benefits and maximal covering demand.

This paper considers the role of economic sentiment and economic policy uncertainty (both domestic and European) in explaining the changes in the contemporaneous and future travel and leisure stock index returns in top European Union (EU) tourism destinations, namely, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK.

The authors conducted the ordinary least square (OLS) regression estimations to investigate the impact of changes in economic sentiment and economic policy uncertainty on travel and leisure stock returns. Furthermore, the authors used predictive regressions to determine whether economic sentiment and economic policy uncertainty are useful predictors over the short- or medium-term for travel and leisure stock returns.

Empirical results revealed that, in France and Spain, the changes in regional economic sentiments predominantly and positively affected travel and leisure stock index returns. Also, results indicated that changes in European economic sentiment have a strong positive effect on the future travel and leisure stock returns in Spain and the UK over the short run, while in France, changes in European economic policy uncertainty have a weak negative effect on the future travel and leisure stock returns over the medium-term.

This paper provides valuable practical implications for investors who trade travel and leisure stocks. Traders can use economic sentiment and economic policy uncertainty to establish arbitrageur strategies.

This study is the first to examine the effects of economic sentiment and economic policy uncertainty (both domestic and European) on contemporaneous and future travel and leisure stock returns in a top European tourism destination.

This paper studied the effects of music plus fragrance or music alone on consumer purchase behaviour, footfalls and repeat visits to retail stores in the context of the mall.

A primary research was conducted through a structured questionnaire. A field study was conducted in two malls that attract the maximum crowd. The data from 250 respondents were analysed in total.

As per the present study, the combination of playing music with fragrance is more effective compared to playing music or fragrance alone on shopping behaviour, footfalls and repeat visits in retail stores in emerging markets like India.

The study is more confined to a comparative study of the effectiveness of music with or without fragrance on consumer purchase behaviour and footfalls in retail stores located in malls. In view of research design, this could be a limitation of the study as types of music and other ambiance factors are not considered. The present study can be extended to religion as the religiosity of respondents may give a different response. The urban respondents may vary when compared to rural consumers. Therefore, the study can be extended by adding the rural or A-city mall or smaller malls in big cities. Research can be extended in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era to see if there is a change in consumer behaviour. It can also be extended to consumer's preference for different music and different fragrances.

This paper provides marketing managers and retail owners with valuable insights on the importance of using music with fragrance in retail stores to create unique consumer experiences in emerging markets that are different from developed countries. Managers should try to create both music, and fragrance in the store to improve purchase intention, and stay longer. To ensure that the planned music and fragrance approach creates the ambiance for consumers, marketing managers are advised to conduct market research. Special care should be taken for younger visitors to the store by creating the right ambiance. The present research will help many offline retailers' managers to strive for new competitive advantages through creating favourable shopping environments by understanding cultural differences.

The research gives direction to use music with a fragrance in the retail ambiance in the malls which will lead to improved consumer purchase, more footfalls, repeat visits and staying longer in emerging markets like India, which is a destination for global brands. Integration of three models of impulse buying (Rook and Fisher, 1995), individualism and collectivism (Triandis, 1995) and stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) model of Mehrabian and Russell (1974) is used to explain the complex behaviour of consumers towards more purchases and repeat visits. The study will shed light on the quandary that retailers in the organised sector face in emerging markets such as India regarding the use of music and fragrance, as well as the impact on purchase behaviour, footfalls and repeat visits.

Given the rapid development of ethnic‐themed restaurants, this study aims to investigate how authentic atmospherics affects consumer emotions and behavioral intentions in Chinese restaurants in the USA.

A total of 348 usable responses from full table service restaurants in the USA were obtained via self‐administered questionnaires. A proposed model was tested following Anderson and Gerbing's two‐step approach: a measurement model and a subsequent structural model.

Using a structural equation modeling technique, this study found that authentic atmospherics significantly influences consumers' positive and negative emotions, and both types of emotions acted as full mediators between authentic atmospherics and behavioral intentions. Subsequent regression analyses revealed that menu presentation, furnishings, and music were significant predictors of positive emotions whereas menu presentation and music significantly influenced negative emotions.

The data were collected from only full table service restaurants. Therefore, generalizing the results for other segments of the restaurant industry may not be possible.

The findings have important implications for selecting and refining crucial elements of authentic atmospherics in order to enhance customers' favorable emotions, avoid unfavorable emotions, and ultimately heighten positive behavioral consequences.

Different from previous studies on the general aspect of atmospherics, this study exclusively investigates the effect of authentic atmospherics on customer post‐dining behavioral intentions in Chinese restaurants, one of the most popular ethnic restaurant segments in the US foodservice market. This study could also provide directions for improving the perceived authenticity of restaurant atmospherics.